Ngaba amalungu omntwana wakho avuvukile kwaye abuhlungu? Isenokuba yi-(Oligoarthritis)! Masithethe.

Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci uziva ngathi uyaqhwalela xa evuka kusasa? Okanye uhlala esithi, "Mama, oko kubuhlungu" xa idolo okanye iqatha lakhe libuhlungu? Ngamanye amaxesha sicinga ngezi zinto njengokulimala okuncinci okanye ukukruquka ngenxa yokudlala, kodwa oku kunokuba yinto enzulu ngakumbi. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Oligoarthritis", echaphazela abantwana abancinci, oko kukuthi, abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-16 ubudala, kwaye ibangela iimpawu ezifana nokudumba, ukuqina, kunye nentlungu emalungeni.

Yintoni i-`(Oligoarthritis)`? Masifumanise ngokulula!

Ngamafutshane, `(Oligoarthritis)` luhlobo lwesifo samathambo esibakho ebuntwaneni. Igama lesiLatini elithi `Oligo`` lithetha "ezimbalwa" okanye "ezincinci." Ngoko ke, njengoko igama lisitsho, umntwana one-`(Oligoarthritis)` unolu hlobo lokuvuvukala kumalungu angaphantsi kwamahlanu emzimbeni wakhe. Olu luluhlu olukhulu lwe-`(Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis - JIA)` kwaye lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo phakathi kwazo.

Le meko ichaphazela kakhulu amalungu amakhulu omntwana. Oko kukuthi, amalungu afana namadolo, amaqatha, kunye neengqiniba zezona zinto zijoliswa kakhulu kuzo. Kwabanye abantwana, kunye neengxaki zala malungu, ukudumba komaleko ophakathi ngaphakathi kweliso (`(Uvea)`) nako kunokubakho, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi`(Uveitis)`. Ke ngoko, kufuneka uqaphele neempawu ezinje ngamehlo abomvu, ukungakwazi ukubona ngaphandle, kunye nokungaboni kakuhle.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ze-`(Oligoarthritis)`?

Ewe, `(i-Oligoarthritis)` inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili, kuxhomekeke ekubeni zingaphi iijoyinti ezichaphazeleka ngokuhamba kwexesha:

• I-Persistent Oligoarthritis: Kule meko, amalungu amane okanye ambalwa asachaphazeleka emva kweenyanga ezintandathu.
• I-Extended Oligoarthritis: Kule meko, amalungu angaphezu kwamane anokuchaphazeleka emva kweenyanga ezintandathu.

Ngubani ofumana oku kakhulu?

I-Oligoarthritis sisifo sabantwana. Oku kuthetha ukuba iyenzeka kubantwana abancinci nakubantu abadala abancinci (ngesiqhelo abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-16). Nangona ixhaphake kancinci kumantombazana kunamakhwenkwe, inokuchaphazela nawuphi na umntwana.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-`(Oligoarthritis)`?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, `(Oligoarthritis)` lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe `(Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis - JIA)`. Ukuba ujonga izibalo kumazwe afana noMntla Melika naseYurophu, kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nabantwana abayi-4 ukuya kwi-16 kwi-10,000 bane `(JIA).` Phantse isiqingatha saba bantwana bane `(JIA)` nabo bane `(Oligoarthritis).` Kwakhona, malunga ne-20% yabantwana abafunyaniswe bene `(Oligoarthritis)` banokubonakala bene `(Uveitis)`, okanye ukudumba kwamehlo.

Ingaba i-`(Oligoarthritis)` iyichaphazela njani umzimba womntwana? Ngaba esi sisifo se-`(Autoimmune)`?

Ewe, `(Oligoarthritis)` sisifo `(Autoimmune disease)`, oko kukuthi, isifo sokuzikhusela komzimba.. Khawucinge nje ngoku, sinenkqubo yokuzikhusela emizimbeni yethu, siyibiza ngokuba yinkqubo yokuzikhusela. Ifana nomkhosi okhusela ilizwe lethu. Le nkqubo ikhusela imizimba yethu kwiintshaba zangaphandle, oko kukuthi, kwiintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, njl.njl.

Kodwa, kwisifo esithi `(Autoimmune)`, kwenzeka into engaqhelekanga. Le yimpazamo encinci kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela. Kufana nomkhosi wethu ohlasela abantu abamsulwa kwilizwe lethu. Apha, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ayiqondi ukuba yintoni iiseli eziphilileyo kwaye yintoni utshaba oluvela ngaphandle. Ngoko ke, iqala ukuhlasela iiseli zethu eziphilileyo kunye nezicubu.

Kwenzeka into efanayo kwi-`(Oligoarthritis)`. Inkqubo yomzimba yomntwana ihlasela i-membrane ejikeleze ilungu (`(Synovium)`) , ngokungathi ihlasela utshaba olungaphandle. Ngokwesiqhelo, amalungu ethu avelisa ulwelo oluthile (ulwelo lwe-synovial) ukuze aqhubeke ehamba ngokulula kwaye angakhuhlani. Ngenxa yolu hlaselo lwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, loo membrane yamalungu iyonakala, kwaye iqala ukuvelisa ulwelo oluninzi kunesiqhelo . Kulapho ilungu lidumba khona, libe likhulu, liqine, kwaye libe buhlungu. Ezi ziimpawu ezisisiseko ze-`(Oligoarthritis)`.

Zithini iimpawu ze-`(Oligoarthritis)`?

Iimpawu ze-`(Oligoarthritis)` azifani kubo bonke abantwana. Abanye abantwana banokuba neempawu ezincinci kakhulu, ngelixa abanye banokuba qatha ngakumbi. Ekuqaleni, iimpawu zinokuchaphazela amalungu amane okanye angaphantsi. Iimpawu eziphambili ezinokubonwa zezi:

• Umbono ofipheleyo: Olu luphawu oluhambisana nemeko ethi `(Uveitis)`.
• Ukudinwa Nokudinwa: Ukuba umntwana uhlala esithi udiniwe kwaye akanamdla wokudlala.
• Ukungakhululeki/intlungu yamalungu: Le ntlungu inokwanda, ingakumbi xa uvuka kusasa okanye emva kokuma okwethutyana.
• Ukuqina kwamalungu: Ukuziva ngathi kunzima ukugoba okanye ukolula amalungu kusasa.
• Amalungu athambileyo okanye avuvukileyo: Ukuba umntwana uvuvukile ejikeleze ilungu kwaye uva iintlungu xa elichukumisa.

Khumbula, ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha ngaphandle kokuyithatha njengento elula loo nto.

Yintoni ebangela `(i-Oligoarthritis)`?

I-Oligoarthritis luhlobo lwe-Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Igama elithi " idiopathic " lithetha "isizathu esingaziwayo." Oku kuthetha ukuba unobangela ochanekileyo wale meko awukafunyanwa .

Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba le meko isenokubangelwa yintsholongwane okanye iibhaktheriya ezibangela utshintsho kwimfuza yomntwana. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zisesekwinqanaba lophando.

Ngaba oku kungasasazeka nakwamanye amalungu?

Ngamanye amaxesha, ewe. Abanye abantwana abane-`(Oligoarthritis)` banokuthi esi sifo sisasazeke kwamanye amalungu ngokuhamba kwexesha (emva kweenyanga ezi-6). Oku sikubize ngokuba yi-`(Extended Oligoarthritis)` ngaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, oku akwenzeki kubo bonke abantwana. Abanye banokuthi sithintelwe kumalungu achaphazeleke ekuqaleni. Iziphumo zesifo zinokuhluka ukusuka kwencinci ukuya kweyona inzima.

Ungayixilonga njani i-`(Oligoarthritis)`?

Ukuze ufumanise ngokuchanekileyo ukuba umntwana wakho une-"(Oligoarthritis)," ugqirha uza kulandela amanyathelo aliqela.

1. Imbali epheleleyo yezonyango kunye neempawu: Ugqirha uza kukubuza iinkcukacha ezininzi malunga neempawu zomntwana wakho (ukuba ziyintoni na, ukuba zikho ixesha elingakanani, ukuba zinzima kangakanani), malunga nezinye izifo zomntwana wakho, kunye nokuba kukho nabani na kusapho lwakho oye waba neengxaki ezifanayo zamalungu.

2. Uvavanyo lomzimba: Emva koko amalungu omntwana achaphazelekileyo ahlolwa ngononophelo. Akhangela ukudumba, iintlungu xa echukunyiswa, kunye nokuba ilungu lingagotywa kwaye lolulwe ngokufanelekileyo na.

3. Ukungabandakanyi ezinye izifo: Ekubeni kukho ezinye izifo ezibangela iimpawu ezifanayo, enye yeenjongo eziphambili zogqirha kukuthintela ezo zifo nokuqinisekisa ukuba ngokwenene yi-`(i-Oligoarthritis)`.

4. Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo:

• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: Kunokucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe i-X-ray okanye i-MRI scan ukuze kubonwe ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ngaphakathi kwamalungu.
• Uvavanyo lwelebhu: Uvavanyo lwegazi, uvavanyo lomchamo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha uvavanyo lolwelo lwamalungu lunokunceda ekufumaneni unobangela wesifo kunye nenqanaba lokuvuvukala.

5. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo: Ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu ezifana neengxaki zokubona okanye amehlo abomvu, qiniseka ukuba umjonga ngugqirha wamehlo ukuze aqinisekise ukuba akanaso isifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-uveitis.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-`(Oligoarthritis)`?

Kukho iinjongo eziphambili zokunyanga i-oligoarthritis:

• Ukunciphisa ukudumba kunye nokudumba kwamalungu.
• Ukuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi kumalungu.
• Ukuphucula intshukumo kunye nokusebenza kwamalungu.
• Ukulawula iintlungu.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ugqirha angacebisa enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo, kuxhomekeke kwimeko yomntwana:

• Amayeza angengowe-steroidal alwa nokuvuvukala (NSAIDs): La anciphisa iintlungu kunye nokudumba kwamalungu. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-ibuprofen kunye ne-naproxen.
• Iinaliti okanye iipilisi zeCorticosteroid: Inaliti yecorticosteroid ingafakwa ngqo kwilungu elichaphazelekayo. Okanye, njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalela, inganikwa njengeepilisi zomlomo. Ezi zinokunceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba ngokukhawuleza.
• Amayeza okuguqula izifo alwa namathambo (ii-DMARD): La mayeza asebenza ngokuthintela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ekuhlaseleni amalungu, ethintela umonakalo wexesha elide emathanjeni nasemalungeni. La mayeza e-DMARD (umz., i-methotrexate) angasetyenziswa ukuba isifo asilawulwa kakuhle ngee-NSAID okanye ii-steroid injections, okanye njengonyango oluphambili.
• I-Biologics: La mayeza athile e-biologic asetyenziswa xa amalungu engasabeli kakuhle kwezinye iindlela zonyango. Asebenza nangokujolisa kwiindawo ezithile zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
• Unyango lomzimba nolwemisebenzi: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Unyango lomzimba lunceda ukuqinisa izihlunu, ukwandisa ukuguquguquka kwamalungu, kunye nokuphucula uluhlu lokushukuma. Unyango lomzimba lunceda umntwana ukuba enze imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla (njengokunxiba, ukunxiba izihlangu, nokubhala) ngokulula. Ngamanye amaxesha, iibraces ezikhethekileyo zinokucetyiswa ukukhusela amalungu kunye nokwandisa uluhlu lokushukuma.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Njengakweminye imithi, olu nyango lunokuba nemiphumo emibi. Ugqirha wakho uza kukufundisa ngale miphumo aze acwangcise unyango lwakho ukuze anciphise imiphumo emibi.

• Ii-Corticosteroids: Ingakumbi ii-steroids ezithethwa ngomlomo, ukuba zithathwa ixesha elide, zinokwenza amathambo abe buthathaka, zichaphazele ukukhula okuqhelekileyo komntwana, kwaye zibangele ukutyeba. Ke ngoko, oogqirha bazisebenzisa ngononophelo olukhulu, kwaye kuphela ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
• Ii-NSAID: Ezi zinokubangela ukudumba kwesisu, isicaphucaphu, kunye nesitshiso sentliziyo kwabanye abantwana. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha becebisa ukuba bathathe la mayeza kunye nokutya.

Ndiza kuziva ngcono ngokukhawuleza kangakanani emva konyango?

Oku kuyahluka kumntwana ngamnye, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu besifo, kunye nendlela esabela ngayo kunyango. Le meko (i-Oligoarthritis) inokuhlala ukusuka kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ukuya kwiminyaka eliqela.

Eyona nto ingcono kukuba ngonyango olufanelekileyo, iimpawu zinokuncitshiswa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ziphele ngokupheleleyo (`(Remission)`) . Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana unokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kweempawu. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha isifo sinokusasazeka kwamanye amalungu njengoko umntwana ekhula. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela isicwangciso sonyango esinikwe ngugqirha ngokuchanekileyo.

Ngaba uphuhliso lwe-`(Oligoarthritis)` lunokuthintelwa?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, ekubeni unobangela ochanekileyo ungaziwa, okwangoku akukho ndlela ithile yokuthintela uphuhliso lwe-`(Oligoarthritis)`.

Yintoni omele uyilindele njengomzali womntwana one-`(i-Oligoarthritis)`?

Umntwana one-``(oligoarthritis)``, ingakumbi ukuba akanyangwa, unokufumana kunzima ukubaleka, ukudlala, nokuba ngumntu okhutheleyo njengabanye abantwana. Oku kunokubangelwa ziintlungu nokuqina kwamalungu.

Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantwana luyayidlula le meko njengoko bekhula, oko kukuthi, njengoko befikelela ebudaleni . Abanye abantwana banokuba neengxaki ezithile kwamanye amalungu njengoko bekhula.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, unyango olufanelekileyo kunye nonyango lomzimba lunokunceda ukulawula iintlungu kunye nokuqina kwamalungu . Lunokuphucula nokuhamba kwamalungu omntwana kwaye lubancede benze imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye nemidlalo ngaphandle kwemiqathango.

Ndifanele ndibonane nogqirha nini?

Ukuba umntwana wakho unenye yezi mpawu, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza:

• Ukuba umntwana unengxaki yokuhamba, ukubaleka, ukutsiba, okanye ukushukumisa amalungu akhe.
• Ukuba iintlungu kunye nokudumba kwamalungu azinciphisi ngamayeza anikwe ngugqirha, okanye ukuba aya esiba mandundu.
• Ukuba umntwana unengxaki yokubona (ukubona okufipheleyo, ubunzima bokubona ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo).
• Ukuba uneempawu ezinje ngamehlo abuhlungu okanye ukuba bomvu okungapheliyo.

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Xa uthetha nogqirha ngomntwana wakho, ungathandabuzi ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• "Ngaba kukho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kula mayeza? Zithini ezo?"
• "Zingaphi iinaliti ze-corticosteroid eziza kufuneka umntwana ukuze aphile?"
• "Ndifanele ndidibane kangaphi nogqirha wengqondo?"
• "Ngaba umntwana wam one-`(Oligoarthritis)` angadlala imidlalo ayithandayo?"
• "Ngaba oku kuya kuyichaphazela imisebenzi yesikolo? Yintoni enokwenziwa ngako?"

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-`(Oligoarthritis)` kunye ne-`(Polyarthritis)`?

I-Oligoarthritis kunye ne-polyarthritis ziintlobo ezimbini ze-juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zimbini linani lamalungu achaphazelekileyo kunye nohlobo lwamalungu achaphazelekileyo .

• `(I-Oligoarthritis)`: Kule meko, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, amalungu angaphantsi kwamahlanu (ngesiqhelo i-1-4) ayachaphazeleka. Amalungu amakhulu afana namadolo, amaqatha, kunye neengqiniba achaphazeleka kakhulu.
• I-Polyarthritis: Igama elithi "Poly" lithetha "amaninzi." Ngoko ke, kwi-polyarthritis, amalungu amahlanu nangaphezulu ayachaphazeleka. Oku kunokuquka amalungu amancinci ezandleni nasezinyaweni.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

I-Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) yimeko yamalungu avuvukalayo ebantwaneni, kwaye i-Oligoarthritis yeyona ixhaphakileyo. Inokuhlala ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, akufanele ivunyelwe ukuba ilawule ubomi bomntwana ngokupheleleyo.

Nokuba umntwana wakho ufunyaniswe ene-`(Oligoarthritis)`, usenokuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yakhe yemihla ngemihla, imidlalo ayithandayo, kunye nemidlalo njengabanye abantwana. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukusebenza nogqirha womntwana wakho ukuze kwenziwe isicwangciso sonyango esihambelana nomntwana wakho kwaye senzelwe umntwana wakho. Oku kuya kunceda umntwana wakho akhule engenazintlungu, onwabile, kwaye ekhuthele. Inkxaso yakho ibaluleke kakhulu kumntwana wakho!

I- Oligoarthritis, I-Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, I-JIA, Iintlungu zamalungu, I-Uveitis