Ingaba awonelisekanga yinkonzo oyifumanayo esibhedlele? Masifumanise ukuba ngubani lo "Mlamli"!

Khawuthelekelele ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo usesibhedlele... Wenza ntoni ukuba unengxaki okanye awonwabanga lunyango olufumanayo okanye indlela abasebenzi abakuphatha ngayo? Ngamanye amaxesha awazi ukuba uxelele bani okanye wenze ntoni, akunjalo? Ngamaxesha anje, "uMlamli" ngumntu oza kukunceda aze amamele ilizwi lakho. Namhlanje, masithethe ngalo mntu ubaluleke kakhulu.

Ngubani "uMlamli wezoBulungisa"? Lithetha ukuthini eli gama?

Okokuqala, igama elithi "Ombudsman" livela kulwimi lwaseSweden. Lithetha nje 'ummeli' okanye 'umntu oma phambi kwabanye'. Khawuthelekelele, kudala, malunga neminyaka yoo-1800, eSweden, kwamiselwa umntu okhethekileyo ukuba aphande aze angenelele kwizikhalazo zabantu nxamnye namagosa aphezulu karhulumente. Yiyo loo nto igama elithi "Ombudsman" laqala ukusetyenziswa kuye.

Kodwa ngoku, intsingiselo yegama elithi "Ombudsman" kunye nesikhundla sandile kakhulu. Ngoku, akupheleli nje kumagosa karhulumente, kodwa amaziko amaninzi afana nezibhedlele, amashishini amakhulu, iibhanki, kunye neeyunivesithi asebenzisa "Ombudsman" ukuphanda nokungenelela kwizikhalazo, iingxaki, kunye nokungabikho kokusesikweni okuvela kubathengi babo okanye kubasebenzi. Nokuba baphi na, into abayenzayo aba bantu kukuphanda izikhalazo ngokuzimeleyo nokuzama ukusombulula ingxaki.

Kwezinye iindawo, aba bantu babizwa ngokuba "yi-Ombuds" okanye "yi-Ombudsperson". Kodwa nokuba ligama lini na, iinkonzo abazibonelelayo ziyafana kakhulu.

Ngoko ke, yintoni kanye kanye eyenziwa yi-"Ombudsman" yesibhedlele?

Ngamafutshane, "uMlamli" wesi sibhedlele ngumntu okuncedayo ukusombulula imiba eyahlukeneyo, iingxaki, kunye nezikhalazo ezivelayo xa ufumana unyango esibhedlele okanye ufumana inkonzo esibhedlele. Bekuya kuba yinyani kakhulu ukuthi ungumntu ophulaphula ilizwi lakho aze akumele . Usebenza njengomnxibelelanisi phakathi kwakho nabaphathi besibhedlele okanye isebe elifanelekileyo.

Khawucinge nje, uvakalelwa kukuba awuzange uxelelwe kakuhle, okanye unengxaki ngomgangatho wonyango olufumeneyo. Mhlawumbi ugqirha, umongikazi, okanye omnye umsebenzi uthethe nawe ngendlela ongayithandiyo. Uvakalelwa kukuba awuzange uqwalaselwe. Kwimeko enjalo, lo "Mmeli-zikhalazo" angakunceda. Uza kumamela icala lakho lebali, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, ubuze abanye abantu esibhedlele ngeenkcukacha, aze akuncede ufumane isisombululo sengxaki.

Zeziphi izinto esinokufumana uncedo kuzo "i-Ombudsman"?

Jonga ukuba ezi zinto zikhe zenzeke kuwe na, okanye ukuba ucinga ukuba zinokwenzeka:

• Iingxaki zonxibelelwano:Oku kuqhelekile kakhulu. Umzekelo, ukuba indlela into ethethwe ngayo kuwe, okanye into engakhange ithethwe, ibe nefuthe kwindlela okhathalelwe ngayo okanye kumava akho ngokubanzi. Mhlawumbi ayizange ichazwe ngolwimi oluqondayo.
• Ubunzima bokufumana ulwazi: Ukuba awufumani ulwazi olufunekayo malunga nemeko yakho yempilo, unyango, kunye namayeza.
• Umgangatho wonyango: Ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye uneentsilelo malunga nenkonzo oyifumeneyo. Ukuba ucinga, "Oku bekunokwenziwa ngcono, akunjalo?"
• Ukuziva ukhuselekile: Indlela oziva ukhuselekile ngayo xa ufumana unyango. Mhlawumbi uvakalelwa kukuba indawo ohlala kuyo ayicocekanga.
• Amaxesha okuphendula nokulibaziseka: Ukuba bekukho ukulibaziseka okungeyomfuneko ekufumaneni iinkonzo okanye ekufumaneni impendulo. Ukuba bekufuneka ulinde emgceni ixesha elide ukuze ufumane amayeza, okanye ukuba bekufuneka ulinde ixesha elide ukuze ubone ugqirha.
• Ukusetyenziswa Kwamayeza okanye Ulawulo Lweentlungu: Ukuba unemibuzo malunga noku. Ukuba uziva ngathi awufumani ncedo lwaneleyo kwintlungu yakho.
• Ubunzima bokufumana amadinga okanye ezinye iinkonzo.
• Unesikhalazo, ukungabikho kobulungisa, okanye into ekufuneka uyicacise ngayo nantoni na enxulumene nokhathalelo lwakho.

Uyazi, ukhathalelo lwempilo ludla ngokuba yinto exakeke kakhulu neyinkimbinkimbi. Nangona wonke umntu ezama konke okusemandleni akhe, ngamanye amaxesha izinto zinokungafikeleli koko ukulindeleyo koogqirha okanye kubasebenzi, kwaye iimpazamo zinokwenziwa. Into ebalulekileyo kukwazi ukuba kukho iindlela zokukuxhasa nokuthetha ngokwakho ngamaxesha anje. Ilizwi lakho akufuneki livalwe.

Kutheni kufuneka sifumane "uMlamli" endaweni yokuthetha nogqirha ngqo?

Lo ngumbuzo olungileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ungayisombulula le ngxaki ngokuthetha ngqo noogqirha okanye abasebenzi abanengxaki. Yiyo loo nto ilungileyo onokuyenza. Umzekelo, khawucinge ukuba uphumile esibhedlele, kodwa awuqinisekanga ukuba ungawunyanga njani umlwelwe okanye uthathe amayeza akho xa ubuyela ekhaya. Emva koko ungatsalela umnxeba iofisi kagqirha okanye umongikazi osewadini uze ucele ingcaciso. Mhlawumbi oko kuya kuyisombulula le ngxaki.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uziva ngathi awufumani zimpendulo uzifunayo, okanye ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba imeko ayitshintshi nasemva kokuba uthethe, inyathelo elilandelayo kukuqhagamshelana "ne-Ombudsman."

Ngamanye amaxesha, ungakufumanisa kunzima ukuthetha ngqo nomntu ochaphazelekayo ngalo mba, okanye ungavumelani nawo. Umzekelo, ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba umntu ukuphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo okanye engakuhloniphiyo ngenxa yohlanga lwakho, inkolo, isini, ubudala, njl.njl., ungafuna ukuphuma kwimeko ngokukhawuleza, endaweni yokuxabana naloo mntu. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ungathetha ne-Ombudsman ukuze nixoxe ngalo mba nize nigqibe ngento eniza kuyenza ngokulandelayo. Uya kukunceda ngokugcina imfihlo.

Ndingamfumana njani "uMlamli" esibhedlele?

Xa usiya esibhedlele, mhlawumbi uza kufumana incwadana eneenkcukacha malunga "ne-Ombudsman" yesibhedlele. Okanye, basenokudweliswa kwibhodi yezaziso yesibhedlele. Kodwa basenokungabi njalo "njenge-Ombudsman". Basenokubizwa ngokuba "yigosa lamava esigulane", "ummeli wesigulane" okanye "igqwetha lesigulane". Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka babe nenombolo yefowuni apho unokubafowunela khona, idilesi apho unokubabhalela khona, okanye idilesi ye-imeyile. Basenokuba neofisi apho unokubatyelela khona ngokuthe ngqo.

Ukuba awufumani ncwadana enjalo, okanye ukuba awukwazi ukufumana eli gosa, ungakhathazeki. Tsalela umnxeba kwinombolo yefowuni ephambili yesibhedlele uze ubuze, okanye ubuze igosa eliza kwamkela iindwendwe. Baza kukuthumela kwi-ofisi ye-"Ombudsman" okanye igosa elifanayo.

"I-Ombudsman" ingakunceda njani ukusombulula ingxaki yakho?

"I-ombudsman" yesibhedlele isebenza njengomntu wesithathu ongakhethi cala, ongathathi cala . Oko kuthetha ukuba akakhethi cala kwisibhedlele okanye kuwe. Injongo yakhe kukufumana isisombululo esifanelekileyo kwingxaki. Ukho ukuze alawule imiba yakho yokhathalelo lwezonyango. Ngokwesiqhelo, ungalindela impendulo okanye isisombululo kwingxaki yakho kwiveki okanye ezimbini. Nantsi into adla ngokuyenza:

• Okokuqala, uza kuthetha nawe aze akuphulaphule ngenyameko iingxaki zakho kunye nokuba yintoni ingxaki. Uza kuzama konke okusemandleni akhe ukuqonda imeko ngokwembono yakho. Eli lithuba elihle lokukuxelela yonke into esengqondweni yakho.
• Emva koko, uza kucela imvume yakho yokuphanda ngakumbi ngesiganeko. Akanakujonga iirekhodi zakho zonyango okanye abuze abanye iinkcukacha ngaphandle kwemvume yakho.
• Nxibelelana nabanye abantu ababandakanyekayo ekunyamekeleni kwakho (njengoogqirha, abahlengikazi, kunye nabanye abasebenzi) ukuze ufunde okungakumbi.
• Ukuba kuyimfuneko, iirekhodi zakho zonyango kunye namanye amaxwebhuNdiza kujonga ndibone.
• Emva koko, uza kukuchazela izinto azifumanisileyo aze athethe nawe ngezisombululo ezinokubakho. Ngamanye amaxesha, uza kukunceda ukusombulula ingxaki ngokwakhe, mhlawumbi ade alungiselele ingxoxo (ulamlo) phakathi kwakho nomntu ochaphazelekayo.
• Okokugqibela, amava onke, isikhalazo, inyathelo elithathiweyo, kunye nesisombululo zibhaliwe. Oku kuvumela abaphathi besibhedlele ukuba baqinisekise ukuba imiba efanayo ayiphindi yenzeke kwixesha elizayo kwaye bachonge iindawo ekufuneka ziphuculwe ngakumbi kwiinkonzo.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, "uMlamli" ulandela le nkqubo kuye wonke umntu oza kuye enengxaki. Ukuphatha ngentlonipho nangokuyimfihlo.

Kwaye, umsebenzi wabo awukokusebenza ngqo nabantu kuphela. Banoxanduva lokulungiselela iingxelo eziza kunikezelwa kubaphathi besibhedlele. Kodwa ezo ngxelo azibandakanyi igama lakho okanye naluphi na olunye ulwazi olunokukuchonga. Endaweni yoko, zibonelela ngesishwankathelo seentlobo zezikhalazo ezenziwa ngabantu kunye nezinto abangonwabanga ngazo kunyango.

Lonke olu lwazi lunceda abasebenzi abaphezulu besibhedlele ukuba baphucule iinkonzo zabo bonke abantu. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngokuthetha ngengxaki yakho, awugcini nje ngokuzithethelela, kodwa ukwanceda nabanye kunye nabo baza kufumana iinkonzo kwixesha elizayo!

Luhlobo luni lolwazi esifanele silunike xa sithetha "ne-Ombudsman"?

Unganika iinkcukacha ezininzi kangangoko uziva ukhululekile . Ukuba awukhululekanga ukuthetha into ethile, unelungelo lokungayithethi. Nangona kunjalo, okukhona unika iinkcukacha ezininzi, kokukhona kuya kuba lula kwi-"Ombudsman" ukuqonda ingxaki aze ayincede ukuyisombulula.

Khumbula, ungoyiki ukuba kuza kwenzeka into embi kuwe (njengokucalulwa, ukulibaziseka okungafanelekanga ekunyamekelweni) ngokuthetha ngengxaki yakho. Unelungelo lokuthetha ngayo kwaye ukhalaze.

Xa udibana "ne-Ombudsman", kuya kuba luncedo ukuba nolwazi olufana nolu lulungile:

• Usuku (imihla) kunye nexesha (imihla) lesiganeko (ngokuchanekileyo kangangoko).
• Amagama abo babandakanyekayo (ukuba uyakhumbula, kunye nezikhundla zabo).
• Kwenzeke ntoni kanye kanye ? Zama ukuyichaza ngokucacileyo, ngokulandelelana kwayo. Kungangcono nangakumbi ukuba ungayibhala phantsi uze uyithathe.
• Ukuba bekungenguwe ofumana unyango, igama kunye nomhla wokuzalwa komntu ofumana unyango, kunye nento oyithethayo kuya kwenzeka kuye.
• Ucinga ukuba kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba le ngxaki ingasonjululwa ? (umz., ukuba kufunyenwe uxolo, kunikwe ingcaciso, kutshintshwe inkqubo, okanye kulindeleke imbuyekezo.)

Ungabelana ngezinto ezintle ezenzekileyo kumava akho.Xelela "i-Ombudsman." Cinga ngogqirha okanye ilungu labasebenzi eliye lakunceda kakhulu okanye elenza into eyenza amava akho abe ngcono. Ungathandabuzi ukubaxelela. Ukubabonisa izinto ezilungileyo kunceda abaphathi besibhedlele bazi ukuba yintoni ehamba kakuhle, yintoni ekufuneka iphuculwe, kwaye kubanceda ukuba baqaphele abo benza umsebenzi olungileyo .

Into enye ekufuneka uyikhumbule: Ukuba uthetha "ne-Ombudsman" egameni lomnye umntu, (ingakumbi kwamanye amazwe, umzekelo, phantsi komthetho we-United States of America) i-"Ombudsman" kufuneka ithethe ngqo nomntu ofumene unyango. Kwakhona, kufuneka ufumane imvume ebhaliweyo kwisigulana ukuze uphande ngalo mba kwaye uxoxe ngolwazi lwezonyango lwaloo mntu nawe. ESri Lanka, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunyamekela ubumfihlo kunye nobumfihlo besigulana.

Ngubani "uMlamli" weenkonzo zokhathalelo lwexesha elide?

Oku nako kuyinto encinci, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi. 'Umntu ojongene nokhathalelo lwexesha elide' ngumntu olwela amalungelo abantu abafumana unyango kwiindawo zokuhlala ezinje ngamakhaya abantu abadala, amakhaya abantu abadala, kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezincediswayo. Bakwalwela abantu abafumana unyango ekhaya (umz., abancedisi bezempilo emakhaya).

Kwamanye amazwe, njenge-United States, lonke ilizwe linyanzelekile ngokomthetho ukuba libe nenkqubo "yokuvakalisa izikhalazo" yokusingatha izikhalazo ezivela kubantu abafumana unyango lwexesha elide kunye nabantu ababathandayo.

Ukuba ungummkeli wenkathalelo yexesha elide, okanye umntu omaziyo, ungasoloko uthetha "ne-Ombudsman" yasekuhlaleni okanye umbutho ofanayo ukuze uxoxe ngeengxaki zakho. Nazi ezinye zezinto onokubaxelela ngazo:

• Naluphi na uhlobo lokuxhatshazwa: kungaba ngamazwi, ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokweemvakalelo, ngokwezemali, okanye ngokwesondo.
• Ukungahoywa: Ukungahoyi ucoceko lomntu, ukungabikho kokutya okufunekayo, iziselo, namayeza.
• Izenzo okanye indawo engakhuselekanga .
• Ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo omntu okanye isidima sakhe.
• Kwamanye amazwe, imiba enxulumene neenzuzo ezifana ne-"Medicaid" okanye "Medicare" inxulumene neenkonzo ezinxulumene nayo. (Nangona ezi zingekho ngqo eSri Lanka, imiba enxulumene neenkqubo zokhuseleko loluntu kula mazwe iwela phantsi kolu didi).

"I-Ombudsman" yakho iya kujonga imeko ize ichaze ukuba zeziphi iindlela onokukhetha kuzo ukuyisombulula.

Ukongeza ekusingatheni izikhalazo zomntu ngamnye, "abameli" bokhathalelo lwexesha elide benza eminye imisebenzi emininzi. Umzekelo:

• Abahlali kunye nabasebenzi bafundiswa ngamalungelo abahlali.
• Abemi bayaziswa ngezixhobo abazidingayo.
• Ukufundisa uluntu malunga neendlela zokhathalelo lwexesha elide ezikhoyo kunye nendlela yokukhetha olubafaneleyo.

ESri Lanka, ukuba kukho ingxaki ngamakhaya abantu abadala okanye amaziko okhathalelo afanayo, kukho amaziko athile karhulumente (umz., i-National Elderly Secretariat, i-Divisional Secretariat) ekufuneka akhalaze aze aphande ngawo. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho ukungabikho kobulungisa kwindawo enjalo, amasebe afanelekileyo anokwaziswa ngako.

Umntu uba njani "yi-Ombudsman"?

Akukho ndlela ifanayo yokuba yi-ombudsman esibhedlele. Abantu abavela kwiimvelaphi ezahlukeneyo bakhetha lo msebenzi. Abanye banokuba namava kubuhlengikazi, umsebenzi wentlalontle, umthetho, okanye ingcebiso. Awudingi sidanga sithile ukuze wenze oku. Kodwa ukuba unokwenza ezi zinto kakuhle, unokuba yi-ombudsman elungileyo:

• Ukuba unobuchule ekusombululeni iingxaki nasekufumaneni izisombululo ezinobuchule nezisebenzayo .
• Ukuba nje besinokumamela ngovelwano, ngaphandle kokugweba .
• Ubuchule bokunxibelelana nokuxoxisana kakuhle nabantu abahlukeneyo (abaguli, usapho, oogqirha, abasebenzi) .
• Ukuba unomonde, ungakhethi buso, kwaye uthembekile .

Eminye imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe, umzekelo i-International Ombuds Association (IOA), inikezela ngeziqinisekiso ezifana ne-Certified Organisational Ombuds Practitioner (CO-OP®). Nangona kunjalo, oku akunyanzelekanga kuyo yonke indawo. Okubalulekileyo kukuzimisela ukunceda abanye kunye nezakhono ezifunekayo.

Okokugqibela, ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ngoko ke, "uMlamli" unokuqinisa ilizwi lakho. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uzive uthule kwaye unesizungu xa unengxaki okanye ukungabikho kobulungisa esibhedlele. Ngenxa yokuba beqonda ubunzima bezempilo, bakulungele ukuphendula kwiingxaki odibana nazo kwaye bakuncede ekufumaneni izisombululo.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba awuzange uhoywe, okanye akukho nto icacileyo malunga nonyango, okanye kubekho ukulibaziseka okungeyomfuneko ekufumaneni inkonzo. Nokuba yintoni na ingxaki, imiba oyiphakamisayo ibalulekile. Kwakhona, ulawulo oluhle lwesibhedlele lusoloko lunomdla wokuphucula amava akho kunye nokuphucula iinkonzo. Ingxelo yakho ixabiseke kakhulu.

Musa ukuthandabuza ukuqhagamshelana "ne-Ombudsman" yakho okanye igosa elenza loo msebenzi ukuze lifumanise ukuba zeziphi iindlela onazo zokusombulula imeko engahambanga njengoko bekulindelwe.Unelungelo lokufumana unyango olungcono, ukuveza izimvo zakho, ukuveza izikhalazo zakho. Awuwedwa, kwaye ungoyiki ukucela uncedo!

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I- Ombudsman, Isibhedlele, Iinkonzo Zesibhedlele, Amalungelo Esigulana, Izikhalazo, Inkonzo Yezempilo, Ingcebiso Yezonyango