Khawuthelekelele ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo kuye kwafuneka ukuba kwenziwe utyando olukhulu lwamathumbu. Okanye ukuba unesifo samathumbu esibi esikushiye ungakwazi ukutya okanye ukusela nantoni na ngomlomo. Uwunika njani umzimba isondlo namandla owadingayo? Kulapho sisebenzisa khona le ndlela ikhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-'intravenous nutrition'. Le yinto eyahlukileyo kakhulu kwaye iyinkimbinkimbi kunesisombululo se-saline esiqhelekileyo. Makhe sijonge iinkcukacha.
Yintoni isondlo se-parenteral?
Nangona eli gama livakala lingaqhelekanga, intsingiselo yalo ilula kakhulu. Igama elithi "parenteral" lithetha "ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokugaya ukutya." Oko kukuthi, i-Parenteral Nutrition kuxa ukutya esikutyayo ngomlomo kungena esiswini, kufunxwe ngamathumbu, kwaye kutshintshwa esibindini ngaphambi kokuba kufunxwe emzimbeni. Kubizwa ngokuba yi -Parenteral Nutrition , kwaye zonke izondlo ezifunekayo emzimbeni zinikwa ngqo kwimithambo yegazi.
Ngamafutshane, oku kukudlula yonke inkqubo yethu yamathumbu, ukuqala emlonyeni kuphele empundu, kwaye kuzisa zonke izondlo ngqo kwimithambo yegazi.
Abanye abantu basenokufuna ukulithatha iintsuku ezimbalwa kuphela, ngelixa abanye basenokufuna ukulithatha iiveki, iinyanga, okanye ubomi bonke.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zale ndlela?
Oku kunokwahlulwahlulwa ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili. Enye isekelwe kubungakanani besondlo esinikiweyo, kwaye enye isekelwe kumthambo onika isondlo.
| Uhlu ngokwesixa sesondlo esibonelelwayo | |
|---|---|
| Uhlobo | Kalula nje... |
| Isondlo Esipheleleyo Somzali (TPN) | Oku kunikwa abo bangakwaziyo ukusebenzisa amathumbu abo konke konke . Kubonelela nge-100 pesenti yesondlo esifunekayo emzimbeni. |
| Isondlo Esingenamkhethe Somzali (PPN) | Oku kunikwa abo banokutya kancinci ngomlomo, kodwa akwanelanga emzimbeni, nakwabo bangondlekanga. Oku kunikwa njengesondlo esongezelelweyo. |
| Uhlu ngokwendlela yokondla ngayo | |
| Isondlo seCentral Parenteral (CPN) | Oku kunikezelwa kumthambo omkhulu entanyeni okanye esifubeni oya ngqo entliziyweni. Oku kuvumela iikhalori ezingaphezulu kunye nesondlo esiqinileyo. Le yindlela esetyenziswa ukunika i-TPN. |
| Isondlo seParenteral esisecaleni (PPN) | Oku kunikwa kumthambo omncinci engalweni, emlenzeni, okanye entanyeni. Kusetyenziselwa ukubonelela ngesondlo sexesha elifutshane nesingenamda (PPN). Kulula ukukunika, kodwa akuniki khalori zininzi. |
Luqulathe ntoni olu lwelo lwesondlo?
Le ayisiyobhotile yetyuwa nje kuphela. Oku kufana 'nekotleyiti' yesondlo eyenzelwe ngokukodwa isigulane. Olu lwelo lwenziwa ngokubala kanye oko umzimba wakho ukudingayo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo izinto ezininzi ezifana nobudala bakho, ubunzima, imeko yempilo, kunye neengxelo zegazi.
Ezi ziquka ikakhulu:
- Amanzi
- Iicarbohydrate (zamandla)
- Iiproteni (zokukhula komzimba kunye nokulungiswa kweeseli)
- Amafutha/IiLipids (ukuze ufumane amandla angakumbi)
- Iivithamini
- Iityuwa zeminerali (ii-electrolytes)
Esi sisombululo siphelele kangangokuba umntu angaphila ngaso eyedwa ubomi bakhe bonke ngaphandle kokutya nantoni na ngomlomo.
Kuxa kutheni apho kunikwa isondlo ngemithambo yegazi?
Oku kusetyenziswa kuphela kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo xa isigulane singenakondliwa ngenye indlela.
Iimeko apho kufuneka khona isondlo esipheleleyo se-parenteral (TPN)
- Emva kotyando lokususa inxalenye enkulu yamathumbu
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-chemotherapy kumhlaza
- Ukuvaleka kwamathumbu
- Ukuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi ukuya emathunjini (i-intestinal ischemia)
- Izifo zamathumbu ezivuthayo, ezifana nesifo sikaCrohn esinzima
- Iintsana ezizalwa ngaphambi kwexesha kwaye zingenamathumbu aneleyo
- Urhudo olunzima, oluhlala ixesha elide
- Ezinye iimeko zempilo ezinzulu ezifuna ukuphumla okupheleleyo kwinkqubo yamathumbu
Iimeko apho kufuneka khona ukutya okunesondlo esingaphelelanga (PPN)
I-PPN idla ngokunikezelwa ukuze inike amandla angakumbi kwizigulane ezingondlekanga ngenxa yokuhlala ixesha elide esibhedlele kunye nokungatyi ngokwaneleyo ngomlomo.
Ukufakwa kwe-catheter kunye nonyango
Oku akusiyo nje i-cannula oyifaka esandleni sakho. Oku kufuna ityhubhu ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-catheter ukuba ifakwe kumthambo omkhulu emzimbeni wakho. Oku kufana notyando oluncinci. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, uya kuba ne-anesthesia (ukungabi nangqondo) kwaye oku kuya kwenziwa. Ugqirha uza kucoca ulusu lwakho aze afake i-catheter ngqo kumthambo ngoncedo lwe-ultrasound okanye i-X-ray.
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zee-catheters:
- I-catheter yangaphandle "eneetyhubhu": Le yityhubhu efakwa phantsi kwesikhumba umgama omfutshane ize iphume kwindawo eyahlukileyo.
- I-catheter efakwe ngokupheleleyo: Le ifihliwe ngokupheleleyo phantsi kolusu. Kukho isithuba esincinci kuphela phantsi kolusu apho iyeza lifakwa khona.
- Umgca wePICC: Lo ngumatshini ofakwa ngomthambo ongakwingalo engasentla uze ungene kumthambo omkhulu esifubeni. Usetyenziselwa unyango lwexesha elifutshane (ngaphantsi kweeveki ezi-6).
Esi sicombululo sezakhamzimba sithatha malunga neeyure ezili-10-12 ukufikelela emzimbeni. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abaninzi basifaka ebusuku ngelixa belele. Olu nyango lungenziwa esibhedlele, okanye ekhaya ngoqeqesho olufunekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zinto kufuneka zilawulwe ngokucocekileyo ukuze kuthintelwe usulelo .
Ziziphi iingozi kunye neengxaki ezinokubakho?
Nangona le nkqubo isindisa ubomi, inokuba neengozi kunye neengxaki ezithile. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha beyisebenzisa kuphela kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo kwaye baqhubeka nokujonga isigulana.
| Ingxaki | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Usulelo | Iintsholongwane zinokungena egazini nge-catheter. Oku kunokusasazeka kwaye kubangele imeko esongela ubomi ebizwa ngokuba yi-sepsis . Le yeyona ngozi iphambili neyona inzima . |
| Amahlwili egazi | Amahlwili egazi anokwenzeka apho i-catheter iqhagamshela khona nomthambo. |
| Iingxaki zesibindi | Ukusebenzisa i-TPN ixesha elide kunokubangela umonakalo kwisibindi. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD). |
| Ukungalingani kweswekile egazini | Amanqanaba eswekile anokunyuka ngequbuliso (i-Hyperglycemia) okanye ehle (i-Hypoglycemia). Oku kulawulwa ngokunika i-insulin. |
| Ukuncitshiswa kwamathambo | Ekuhambeni kwexesha, utshintsho kwizinto ezifana ne-calcium kunye ne-vitamin D lunokubangela ukuba amathambo abe buthathaka (i-Osteoporosis). |
| Iingxaki zenyongo | Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yokugaya ukutya ayisebenzi kakuhle, inyongo ekwinyongo inokuqokelelana ize yenze amatye. |
Uqala njani ukuqhela ukutya ngomlomo kwakhona?
Xa inkqubo yamathumbu iqala ukusebenza kwakhona, oogqirha bazama ukubuyisela isigulana ekutyeni ngomlomo ngokukhawuleza, kuba amathumbu anokuba "nobuvila" ukuba awasetyenziswa rhoqo.
Oku kwenziwe kakuhle kakhulu.
Abaqali ukutya irayisi ngoko nangoko. Baqala 'ngokutya okucacileyo okumanzi'. Umzekelo, izinto ezifana namanzi abilayo, ipapa enetyuwa, kunye namanzi. Ukuba umzimba unako ukukunyamezela, badlulela ekutyeni okugcweleyo okumanzi. Kuphela emva koko bangeniswa ekutyeni okuqinileyo.
Kulo lonke eli xesha, iqela lezonyango lijonge ngokusondeleyo amanqanaba esondlo somzimba wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukutya okunesondlo kwabazali yindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokusindisa ubomi kwabo bangakwaziyo ukutya ngomlomo.
- Kule nto, zonke izondlo ezifunekayo emzimbeni zithunyelwa ngqo kwimithambo yegazi.
- Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili: i-TPN (isondlo esipheleleyo se-parenteral) kunye ne-PPN (isondlo esincinci se-parenteral).
- Ngenxa yokuba le ndlela ineengozi ezifana nosulelo, amahlwili egazi, kunye neengxaki zesibindi, yenziwa kuphela phantsi kweliso elingqongqo loogqirha.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unikwe olu nyango, ungoyiki. Buza ugqirha wakho ngalo kwaye uluqonde kakuhle. Landela imiyalelo yakhe ngokuchanekileyo.
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