Imfihlo yobomi bethu: Masifunde yonke into ngegazi! (Igazi)

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kutheni igazi libaluleke kangaka emizimbeni yethu? Asinakuphila ngaphandle kwalo. Igazi lifana neoyile emotweni okanye amanzi endlwini. Ukuba umzimba wethu ufana nomatshini omangalisayo, igazi liyinto ebalulekileyo ukuze loo matshini usebenze. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngolu lwelo lumangalisayo, igazi, ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda. Makhe sibone ukuba liyintoni igazi, lenza ntoni, kwaye kutheni libaluleke kangaka ebomini bethu.

Yintoni igazi? Kutheni lixabiseke kangaka kuthi?

Ngamafutshane, igazi lulwelo olubomvu oluhamba emizimbeni yethu. Kodwa ayingomanzi kuphela. Igazi lenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu, lithwala izinto esizidingayo ukuze siphile kuzo zonke iiseli ezincinci emzimbeni wethu, kwaye lisusa izinto esingazidingiyo kwezo seli . Cinga ngegazi njengenkonzo yokuthumela ekhawulezayo emizimbeni yethu. Igazi linemisebenzi emininzi ephambili:

• Ukusasazwa kweoksijini : Ioksijini engena emiphungeni xa siphefumla ithwalwa yigazi emzimbeni wonke. Njengokuba sifuna iinkuni ukuze sibase umlilo, iiseli zomzimba wethu zifuna ioksijini ukuze zisebenze.
• Ukusasazwa Kwezondlo: Igazi lithwala izondlo (umz., iglucose , iivithamini , kunye neeminerali ) ezigaywayo kwaye zifunxwe kukutya esikutyayo ukuya kuzo zonke iiseli. Ngaphandle kwesi sondlo, iiseli azinawo amandla kwaye azinakukhula.
• Ukususa inkunkuma: Igazi likwanceda ekuthwaleni inkunkuma eveliswa ziiseli, njengekhabhoni dayoksayidi , ibuyele emiphungeni, ezintsoni nasemathunjini ukuze ikhutshwe emzimbeni.
• Ukukhuselwa kwizifo : Xa iintsholongwane zingena emizimbeni yethu, kukho iintlobo ezikhethekileyo zeeseli egazini ezisinceda ekulweni nazo kwaye zisikhusele kwizifo.
• Ukuthuthwa kweehomoni: Igazi lithwala iikhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuba ziihomoni, eziveliswa kwenye inxalenye yomzimba, ukuya kwezinye iindawo zomzimba kwaye zinceda ukulawula imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.
• Ulawulo lobushushu bomzimba: Igazi likwanceda ukugcina ubushushu bomzimba wethu bukwinqanaba elifanelekileyo.

Uyaqonda ke, akunjalo? Igazi alilolwelo olubomvu nje kuphela, liyinto ebalulekileyo ekusindeni kwethu!

Yenziwe ngantoni igazi? (Ukwakheka kwegazi)

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi izinto ezidityanisiweyo ukwenza eli gazi lixabisekileyo. Kukho iinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili zegazi. Elinye licandelo lolwelo , elinye ziintlobo zeeseli ezidada kuloo lwelo.

Yintoni iPlasma?

Le nxalenye yolwelo egazini yileyo siyibiza ngokuba yiplasma . Idla ngokuba lulwelo olumthubi. Le plasma yenza ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha segazi. Iplasma ayingomanzi nje kuphela. Iqulethe izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo:

• Amanzi: I-Plasma ikakhulu ngamanzi.
• Iiproteni: I-Plasma ineentlobo ngeentlobo zeeproteni, ezifana ne-albumin, i-globulin, kunye ne-fibrinogen. Ezi zenza imisebenzi emininzi emzimbeni. Umzekelo, ziquka iiproteni ezinceda ukujiya kwegazi, ii-antibodies ezilwa nezifo, kunye neeproteni ezinceda ekugcineni ulwelo emzimbeni.
• Izondlo: Izinto ezifana neglucose, ii-amino acids, ii-fatty acids, iivithamini, kunye neeminerali esithethe ngazo ngaphambili nazo zithuthwa ziye kwiiseli ngeplasma.
• IiHormone: Iplasma ikwathwala iihomoni eziveliswa ziigland ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni wonke.
• Inkunkuma: I-Plasma ikwathwala inkunkuma efana ne-urea kunye ne-carbon dioxide ekhutshwa kwiiseli iye kwizitho ezifanelekileyo.

Cinga ngeplasma njengesuphu nje. Njengamanzi, inyibilikisile zonke iintlobo zezinto ezikuyo ezinika incasa kunye neempawu.

Amajoni egazini: Masifunde ngeentlobo zeeseli zegazi?

Ngoku masithethe ngeeseli zegazi ezidada kulwelo olubizwa ngokuba yiplasma. Ezi zincedisi ezincinci ezinceda igazi ukuba lenze imisebenzi ethile. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zeeseli zegazi.

Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu: Abahlobo ababomvu abanika umzimba ubomi

Ezi ziintlobo zeeseli ezinika igazi umbala obomvu. Zikwabizwa ngokuba ziiRed Blood Cells , okanye iiRBC ngamafutshane. Umsebenzi ophambili wezi seli kukuthutha ioksijini .

• Iproteni enkulu ebizwa ngokuba yiHaemoglobin: Kukho iproteni ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yiHaemoglobin ngaphakathi kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Yile nto itsala ioksijini njengemagnethi. Xa siphefumla ngemiphunga yethu, ihaemoglobin ibamba ioksijini ize iyithwale emzimbeni wonke kunye negazi, iyisasaze kwiseli nganye. Kwakhona, le haemoglobin inceda ekuthwaleni inxalenye yekhabhoni diokside ekhutshwa kwiiseli ibuyele emiphungeni.
• Kutheni uziva udiniwe ukuba iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi ziphantsi? Uyakhumbula xa oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha besithi "unegazi eliphantsi"? Oko kuthetha ukuba inani leeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi okanye inqanaba le-hemoglobin liphantsi. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-anemia .Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi. Xa oku kusenzeka, iiseli zomzimba azifumani ioksijini eyaneleyo, yiyo loo nto ukudinwa, ukuziva ubuthathaka, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ubunzima bokuphefumla buvela.

Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe: Abalindi bomzimba wethu

Ezi seli zibizwa ngokuba ziiWhite Blood Cells , okanye iiWBC ngamafutshane. Nangona zibizwa ngokuba "zimhlophe", ezi zezona zikhusela umzimba. Umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukulwa neentsholongwane (ezifana neebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane) ezingena emzimbeni zisikhusele kwizifo .

• Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi: Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi azifani zonke. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zazo (umz. ii-neutrophils, ii-lymphocytes, ii-monocytes). Njengokuba kukho iiregiments ezahlukeneyo emkhosini, uhlobo ngalunye lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi lulwa neentsholongwane ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zazo zigquma iintsholongwane, ngelixa ezinye zenza ii-antibodies ukuze zizitshabalalise.
• Kwenzeka ntoni xa sifumana umkhuhlane? Xa umzimba wethu ugula, umkhuhlane awuzenzekeli nje. Kuthetha ukuba iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi emzimbeni ziqale imfazwe. Xa intsholongwane ingena, inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi liyanda kwaye zilwa naloo ntsholongwane. Ngenxa yaloo mfazwe, sifumana iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye neentlungu zomzimba.

Iiplatelets: Umlingo omncinci owenza igazi lijiye

Ezi zezona ndawo zincinci zeeseli zeeseli zegazi. Zibizwa ngokuba ziiPlatelet ngesiNgesi. Umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukuncedisa ekumiseni ukopha ukuba kwenzeka . Oko kukuthi, ukunceda ukuqhekeka kwegazi.

• Ukopha kuyeka njani xa ufumana inxeba? Uyakhumbula xa wawunenxeba elincinci waza wopha kancinci, emva kwexesha elithile layeka lodwa? Ezi platelets ziyanceda kuloo nto. Kwangoko nje xa kuvela inxeba, iiplatelets ziyaqokelelana apho, zinamathele kunye, zize ziqale ukuvala inxeba. Kwangaxeshanye, zidibana neproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-fibrinogen kwi-plasma, zenze i-mesh efana ne-clot, imise ukopha. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-blood clotting.
• Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba iiplatelets ziphantsi? Kwezinye izifo, umzekelo, kwiimeko ezifana nomkhuhlane wedengue, inani leeplatelets linokuba liphantsi. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kunokuba nzima ukuyeka ukopha nokuba kuphuma kwinxeba elincinci. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha behlala bexhalabile ngenani leeplatelets kwizifo ezifana nedengue.

Jonga ukuba zingaphi izinto ezimangalisayo ezenzekayo ngaphakathi egazini! Kufana nedolophu encinci, apho umntu ngamnye asebenzisana khona ukugcina yonke inkqubo isebenza kakuhle.

Ifektri yokwenza igazi ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu: I-Bone Marrow

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba igazi elibaluleke kangaka lenziwa njani emizimbeni yethu. Indawo ephambili apho igazi liveliswa khona yi -bone mongo ngaphakathi emathanjeni ethu.. Umongo wethambo, ingakumbi ngaphakathi kwamathambo amakhulu (umz., izinqe, iimbambo), ufana nomzi-mveliso owenza zonke ezi seli zibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets. Iiseli ezikhethekileyo ze-stem kule mongo wethambo zezona zahlulahlulayo kwaye ziphuhlise zibe zezi ntlobo zahlukeneyo zeeseli zegazi. Ngoko ke ukugcina umongo wethambo usempilweni kubaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yegazi lethu.

Ezinye izinto ezimbalwa malunga negazi

Xa kufikwa kwigazi, kukho ezinye izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzazi.

• Ukunikela ngegazi kusindisa ubomi: Ubusazi na ukuba ukunikela ngegazi kunokusindisa ubomi bomntu? Izigulana zidinga igazi kwiingozi, utyando, kunye nezifo ezithile. Ngoko ke, yinto entle kakhulu ukuba umntu ophilileyo anikele ngegazi.
• Ukuze igazi libe sempilweni: Ukuze igazi lethu lihlale liphilile, kufuneka sitye ukutya okunesondlo (ingakumbi ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-iron, i-vitamin B12, kunye ne-folic acid), sisele amanzi amaninzi, kwaye sizilolonge. Emva koko umongo wethu wethambo unokwenza igazi liphile kwaye igazi likwazi ukwenza umsebenzi walo ngokufanelekileyo.
• Amaqela Egazi: Ayingomntu wonke igazi elifanayo. Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili zegazi: u-A, u-B, u-AB, kunye no-O. Kukwakho ne-Rh positive kunye ne-Rh negative. Xa unikela ngegazi kumntu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukujonga ukuba ezi ntlobo zegazi ziyahambelana na.

Ubudlelwane bethu bemihla ngemihla negazi

Sisebenzisana negazi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.

• Umkrwelo omncinci, ukukrwela: Xa isandla okanye unyawo lusikiwe, okanye xa imela isika, kuphuma igazi. Emva koko sinokubona ngokucacileyo umsebenzi weeplatelets.
• Ukopha empumlweni: Ngamanye amaxesha abantwana abancinci banokufumana ukopha empumlweni. Akuyonto imbi kangako, kodwa ukuba kwenzeka rhoqo, licebo elihle ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Xa sigula, ugqirha uza kuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi, akunjalo? Loo sampuli yegazi inokusixelela okuninzi malunga nokubala kweeseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi, ukubala kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, ukubala kweeplatelet, inqanaba le-hemoglobin, kunye nenqanaba leswekile. Inokuba luncedo olukhulu ekuxilongeni nasekunyangeni isifo.

Ngoko ke, umyalezo wokugqibela wokubuyela ekhaya ngulo:

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu ngegazi namhlanje. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku uyaqonda ngcono ukuba liyintoni igazi, yintoni eliyenzayo emizimbeni yethu, kwaye lenziwe ngantoni igazi.

Khumbula:

* Igazi libalulekile ekuxhaseni ubomi bethu .

* Ithwala ioksijini kunye nezondlo emzimbeni wonke, isusa inkunkuma , kwaye ikhusela kwizifo .

* Igazi liqulathe inxalenye yolwelo ebizwa ngokuba yiplasma , kwaye kukwakho neentlobo zeeseli ezibizwa ngokuba ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi , iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi , kunye neeplatelets .

* Inxalenye nganye kwezi inomsebenzi othile nobaluleke kakhulu .

* Imikhwa emihle yokutya kunye nendlela yokuphila ibalulekile ukugcina igazi lethu lisempilweni.

Kuyamangalisa ukucinga ukuba unenkqubo yegazi emangalisayo emzimbeni wakho, akunjalo? Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuyiqonda kwaye sikhathalele impilo yethu. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo ngegazi, ungaze woyike ukubona ugqirha uze uthethe naye.

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