Ngaba wakha waphuka ithambo? Masifunde ngo-(Comminuted Fracture) ngokulula!

Kukho amaxesha ebomini bethu apho kufuneka sijongane neengozi size siwa. Ngamanye amaxesha singabaleka sinomkrwelo omncinci, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha singaphuka ingalo okanye umlenze. Xa sisithi amathambo ayaphuka, amanye awo ayaphuka nje endaweni enye, kodwa kukho amanye amaqhekeza apho ithambo liyaphuka libe ziingceba ezininzi, ngokungathi lityumkile. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-`(Comminuted Fracture)` yokuphuka kwethambo okunzulu kangaka. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale meko ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Comminuted Fracture)` ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe , ukuze uyiqonde.

Yintoni `(Ukuqhekeka Okuqhekekileyo)`?

Ngamafutshane, i-`(Comminuted Fracture)` kuxa elinye lamathambo akho (oko kukuthi ithambo) liqhekeka libe ziingceba ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu . Cinga ngale ndlela: xa uwisa ipleyiti, ngamanye amaxesha iyaqhekeka ibe ziingceba ezimbini, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha iyaqhekeka ibe yingceba ezincinci. Le yinto efanayo. Kwingceba elula, ithambo lingaqhekeka libe ziingceba ezimbini. Kodwa kwingceba `(Comminuted Fracture)`, ithambo liyaqhekeka libe ziingceba, ngamanye amaxesha libe ngumgubo. Kufuneka uqonde nokuba oku kunzulu ngakumbi kunengceba eqhelekileyo . Kuba xa iqhekeka ibe yingceba, kunzima ngakumbi ukuyidibanisa kakuhle.

Kutheni kukho "iComminuted Fracture"? Zithini izizathu?

Ukuze ithambo elinje liqhekeke libe yimfumba yeziqwenga, kuya kufuneka libe yingxwelerha enamandla kakhulu, umonakalo omkhulu . Akuqhelekanga ukuba oku kwenzeke ngokuwa okuncinci. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezinokubangela oku:

• Iingozi ezinkulu zezithuthi: Oku kungenzeka ngenxa yokungqubana kwezithuthi ezifana neemoto neebhayisekile okanye kwezinye iingozi ezinkulu.
• Ukuwa usuka kwindawo ephakamileyo: Ukuba uwa usuka kwindawo ephakamileyo, njengasemthini okanye kwisakhiwo.
• Ukulimala okukhulu kwezemidlalo: Kunokwenzeka kwimidlalo ekhawulezayo nenefuthe (umz. i-rugby).
• Ukwenzakala okukhulu okufana namanxeba okudutyulwa: Kwiimeko ezinje, "Ukuqhekeka Okuqhekekileyo" kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba kusetyenziswa amandla amaninzi ethanjeni.

Kodwa, kukho enye into. Njengoko abantu bekhula, amathambo abo aba buthathaka, esikwabiza ngokuba yi-'(Osteoporosis)'. Kumntu onamathambo abuthathaka kangaka, kukho ithuba lokuba nokuwa okuncinci, okungenakubangela ingozi enkulu kumntu oqhelekileyo, kunokubangela i-'(Comminuted Fracture)'. Kodwa into edla ngokubonwa zezo zenzeka ngenxa yempembelelo enkulu esithethe ngayo ngaphambili.

Zithini iimpawu ze-`(Comminuted Fracture)`? Uyazi njani?

Ungacinga ukuba kubuhlungu kangakanani xa ithambo liqhekeka libe ziingceba ezininzi. Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziphambili:

• Intlungu ebuhlungu: Eyona nto iphambili yintlungu ebuhlungu. Intlungu inokuba nzima kangangokuba awukwazi nokuyichukumisa.
• Ukudumba okukhawulezileyo kunye nokukrweleka: Indawo yokwenzakala iya kuqala ukudumba ngokukhawuleza, kwaye isenokubonakala iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/mfusa.
• Ukukhubazeka: Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba yingalo okanye umlenze, imo yayo inokutshintsha kwaye ingabonakala ngathi yoluliwe.
• Ukungakwazi ukuhambisa ilungu lomzimba: Oku kubangela ukuba umntu angakwazi ukusebenzisa okanye ukuhambisa ingalo okanye umlenze olimeleyo.
• Ngamanye amaxesha iqhekeza lethambo eliphukileyo lingaphuma ngesikhumba: Oku kuyingozi kancinci. Sikwabiza oku ngokuthi "yi-Open Comminuted Fracture". Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kukho amathuba aphezulu osulelo.
• Ukuva okanye ukuva isandi "esirhawuzelayo" ngexesha lengozi: (`(Crepitus)`) Abanye abantu banokuva okanye bave isandi samathambo esibethanayo.
• Intshukumo engaqhelekanga xa indawo echaphazelekayo ichukunyiswa: (`Intshukumo engaqhelekanga`) Isenokuvakala ngathi ingalo/umlenze ugobile kwindawo engeyonxalenye eqhelekileyo.

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ugqirha ufumanisa njani ngokuchanekileyo "iComminuted Fracture"?

Xa usiya esibhedlele unesilonda esifana nesi, ugqirha uza kuqala akubuze ukuba kwenzeke ntoni kuwe, ahlole loo ndawo, aze emva koko enze olu vavanyo lulandelayo ukuze abone ukuba isilonda eso "siqhekezwe yi-comminuted fracture" na kwaye sinzulu kangakanani:

• I-X-reyi: Olu lolona vavanyo luqhelekileyo. I-X-reyi ingabonisa ngokucacileyo indlela ithambo elaphulwe ngayo, ukuba liqhekezwe kangaphi, kwaye zingaphi iziqwenga ezisasazekileyo.
• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan - i-CT scan): Ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi ukuba ukwaphuka kukufutshane nelungu (umz. idolo, ingqiniba), okanye ukuba ufuna ukubona iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga neziqwenga zamathambo, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela i-CT scan. Oku kunokuvelisa umfanekiso wamathambo onemilinganiselo emithathu (`3D`), onokukunceda uqonde ngcono imeko.
• I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): I-MRI ayisetyenziswa rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukwaphuka okuqhekekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-MRI inokufuneka ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho umonakalo kwizicubu ezithambileyo (ezifana nezihlunu, imisipha, imithambo-luvo, kunye nemithambo yegazi) ezijikeleze ukwaphuka.

Kuphela emva kwezi mvavanyo apho ugqirha agqiba khona ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ingxaki kuwe kunye nohlobo lonyango olufunekayo.

Uyinyanga njani i-`(Comminuted Fracture)`? Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphola?

Sele sitshilo ukuba "i-Comminuted Fracture" yingxaki engaqhelekanga. Xa ithambo liqhekeka libe ziingceba ezininzi, izingceba kufuneka zihlanganiswe zize zilungiswe ngendlela yokuba zingashukumi. Ngaphandle koko, ithambo aliyi kulunga kakuhle.

Ngoko ke, uninzi lwexesha, "I-Comminuted Fracture" ifuna utyando.

Utyando lubandakanya ukubuyisela amathambo aphukileyo kwiindawo zawo zokuqala kangangoko kunokwenzeka uze uwabuyisele ndawonye. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza oku:

• Ukunciphisa Okuvulekileyo kunye Nokulungiswa Kwangaphakathi (ORIF): Le yindlela yotyando esetyenziswa kakhulu.
• `Ukunciphisa okuVulekileyo` kuthetha: Ugqirha usika ulusu, aye kwithambo elaphukileyo, aze alungise iziqwenga zamathambo ngesandla.
• `Ukulungiswa Kwangaphakathi` kuthetha: Inkqubo yokulungisa iziqwenga zamathambo ezilungisiweyo ngokufaka iipleyiti zesinyithi ezikhethekileyo, izikrufu, iintonga okanye izikhonkwane ngaphakathi. Ezi zenziwe ngeentsimbi ezikhethekileyo ezenzelwe ukulingana nomzimba.
• Ukulungiswa Kwangaphandle: Kwezinye iindawo eziqhekekileyo kakhulu, ingakumbi xa kukho ukwaphuka okuvulekileyo okanye xa inxeba lidumbile kakhulu, kusenokungabi lula ukwenza utyando lwe-ORIF ngoko nangoko. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kusetyenziswa isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-external fixator.
• Oku kuquka ukufaka iiphini ezininzi zesinyithi (`iiphini` okanye `izikrufu`) ngesikhumba esingaphezulu nangaphantsi kwendawo yokuqhekeka ethanjeni, uze uzincamathisele kwisakhelo (`ifreyimu`) ngaphandle komzimba. Oku kunceda ukugcina iziqwenga zamathambo zisendaweni yazo ngaphandle kokuba zishukume. Nje ukuba inxeba lipholile kancinci kwaye ukudumba kuphelile, utyando lwe`(ORIF)` lunokwenziwa kamva. Ngamanye amaxesha, olu`(iFixator yangaphandle)` lungasetyenziswa de ithambo liphole.

Unyango ngaphandle kotyando:

Kunqabile kakhulu ukunyanga i-`(Comminuted Fracture)` ngaphandle kotyando. Ngenxa yokuba iziqwenga zamathambo zisasazeke kwiindawo ezininzi, aziyi kuhambelana kakuhle ne-`(Plaster Cast)` okanye i-`Splint` kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu , ukuba iziqwenga zamathambo azikho kude kakhulu, ugqirha unokuzama ukuziphilisa ngaphandle kotyando ngokufaka i-plaster cast. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuphumelelanga kangako.

Ulawulo lweentlungu:

Ekubeni oku kubuhlungu ngokwenene, ugqirha uza kukunika amayeza okuthomalalisa iintlungu afanelekileyo.

Ixesha lokuphiliswa:

Ixesha elithathwayo ukuze "ukwaphuka okuqhekekileyo" kuphole liyahluka kumntu nomntu kwaye kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokwaphuka. Kuthatha ixesha elide kunokwaphuka okuqhelekileyo.

• Kungathatha iinyanga ezininzi (ngesiqhelo iinyanga ezi-3-6 nangaphezulu) ukuba iziqwenga zamathambo zidibane kwaye zomelele.
• Kwanasemva koko, ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa ingalo/umlenze ochaphazelekileyo kwakhona, kuya kufuneka wenze ikhosi yonyango ebizwa ngokuba yi-physiotherapy . Oku kungathatha iinyanga ezininzi.

Ngoko ke, kungathatha unyaka wonke ukuba umntu aphile ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba nomonde aze athathe unyango.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho xa kukho i-"Comminuted Fracture"?

Njengazo zonke iingozi, i-"Comminuted Fracture" inokuba neengxaki ezithile. Kulungile ukuzazi ezi zinto:

• Usulelo:Ingakumbi kwimeko ye-"Open Fracture" (xa ulusu lugqobhoziwe kwaye ithambo livezwa) okanye emva kotyando, iintsholongwane zinokungena enxebeni zibangele usulelo.
• Ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo okanye imithambo yegazi: Xa ithambo liphuka, iziqwenga zamathambo ezibukhali zingonakalisa imithambo-luvo okanye imithambo yegazi ekufutshane.
• Isifo seCompartment Syndrome: Esi sisifo esibi kakhulu. Ukudumba kwemisipha ejikeleze ukwenzakala kunokubangela ukuba uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kweendawo zokusebenzela lunyuke, nto leyo ethintela ukuhamba kwegazi. Esi sisifo esifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo. Iimpawu ziquka iintlungu eziqatha, ukudumba, kunye nokungaziva mnandi kwiingalo/emilenzeni.
• I-Malunion okanye i-Nonunion: Ngamanye amaxesha iziqwenga zamathambo zinokudibana ngendlela engafanelekanga (njenge-splint). Okanye zinokuhlala kunye ixesha elide. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, kunokufuneka wenze olunye utyando.
• Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iintlungu zamalungu (iArthritis): Ingakumbi ukuba kwenzeka ukwaphuka okuqhekekileyo kwilungu, ekuhambeni kwexesha, elo lungu linokuba nesifo samathambo, oko kukuthi, iintlungu zamalungu.
• Iintlungu ezingapheliyo: Abanye abantu banokuqhubeka beneentlungu nangona inxeba selipholile.
• Ukuqina kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwengalo/umlenze: Ingalo/umlenze olimeleyo unokuba lukhuni kwaye ungakwazi ukugoba okanye ukulula njengangaphambili. Kulapho ke i-physiotherapy iba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu khona.

Izinto ezinje azenzeki kubo bonke abantu, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba zinokwenzeka kwaye ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha ngononophelo.

Yintoni omele uyenze ukuze uphole ngokukhawuleza emva kokwaphuka kwentliziyo?

Ukuba une-"Comminuted Fracture" kwaye unyangwa, thatha ezi zinto ukuze uphile ngokukhawuleza:

• Landela imiyalelo kagqirha ngokuchanekileyo: Yiyo leyo into ebaluleke kakhulu. Yenza yonke into ngokuchanekileyo, njengendlela yokusela amayeza akho, indlela yokunyamekela inxeba lakho, ukuphumla okufunekayo, kunye nexesha ofanele uqale ngalo ukuhamba kwakhona.
• Sela amayeza akho owayalelweyo ngexesha: Sela amayeza akho owayalelweyo, afana neyeza lokuthomalalisa iintlungu kwaye mhlawumbi nee-antibiotics (ukuthintela usulelo), njengoko kuyalelwe.
• Ukuphumla kubalulekile: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphumza ingalo/umlenze ochaphazelekayo de ithambo liphole. Musa ukuphakamisa izinto ezinzima, ukubaleka okanye ukutsiba de ugqirha wakho akuxelele ukuba wenze njalo.
• Phakamisa indawo echaphazelekayo ukuze unciphise ukudumba: Ukuba yingalo/umlenze, ukuyigcina iphakanyisiwe ngomqamelo kunokunceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba.
• Qiniseka ukuba wenza i-physiotherapy: Ukuba ugqirha wakho uyayicebisa, yiya rhoqo kwiiseshoni ze-physiotherapy. Yenza imithambo ekhaya. Oku kuya kukunceda ufumane amandla kunye nokuguquguquka kwengalo/umlenze wakho.
• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo okunempilo:Yitya ukutya okuninzi okutyebileyo kwi-calcium kunye ne-vitamin D (njengobisi, iyogathi, itshizi, imifuno eluhlaza, kunye nentlanzi), okunceda ekuphiliseni amathambo. Ukutya okutyebileyo kwiproteni nako kubalulekile.
• Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka: Ukutshaya kulibazisa kakhulu ukuphiliswa kwamathambo. Ngoko ke ukuba uyatshaya, ukuyeka ngoku kuluncedo kakhulu kuwe.
• Musa ukulibazisa ukuvavanywa ngugqirha: Yiya kugqirha ngeentsuku akuxelela ngazo ukuba ubuye uze kujonga imeko yakho.

Ngaba "Ukuqhekeka Kwamalungu Esinqeni" kungathintelwa?

Iingozi zizinto ezenzeka xa singazilindelanga. Nangona kunjalo, ukulandela amanyathelo athile okhuseleko kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokwenzakala okukhulu.

• Ukulandela iinkqubo zokhuseleko:
• Nxiba amabhanti ezihlalo xa ukhwela izithuthi.
• Nxiba isigcina-ntloko esisemgangathweni ofanelekileyo xa ukhwela ibhayisekile okanye ibhayisekile.
• Landela izixhobo zokhuseleko kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko kwindawo yokusebenza, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezinobungozi ezifana nokwakha.
• Xa udlala imidlalo, sebenzisa izixhobo zokhuseleko (umz., ii-guard, ii-padding) ezifanelekileyo kulo mdlalo.
• Ukuthintela ukuwa (ingakumbi kubantu abadala):
• Lumka ngeengozi zokutyibilika nokuwa ekhayeni lakho (umz., izindlu zangasese, izinyuko). Ukuba kuyimfuneko, faka izinto zokubambelela kunye neemathi ezingatyibilikiyo.
• Qinisekisa ukuba kukho ukukhanya okuhle ebusuku.
• Ukuba unengxaki yokuhamba, sebenzisa intonga yokuhamba okanye isixhobo sokuhamba njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele.
• Ukugcina amathambo eqinile:
• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo okutyebileyo kwi-calcium kunye ne-vitamin D.
• Zilolonge rhoqo (ukuzivocavoca okuthwala ubunzima kuqinisa amathambo).
• Ukuba unesifo esifana ne-osteoporosis, yifumane unyango olufanelekileyo.

Ukucinga ngezi zinto kuya kusinceda ngandlela ithile sizikhusele ekwenzakaleni okunzulu okufana `(Comminuted Fracture)`.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu nge-`(Comminuted Fracture)` namhlanje. Nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• I-"Comminuted Fracture" yimeko enzima apho ithambo liqhekeka libe ziingceba ezininzi.
• Oku kudla ngokubangelwa yimpembelelo enamandla kakhulu (njengengozi enkulu, ukuwa kwindawo ephakamileyo).
• Ukuba wenzakele ngolu hlobo , kubalulekile ukuba ufune uncedo lwezonyango ngoko nangoko.
• Izihlandlo ezininzi, le meko ifuna utyando ukuze kulungiswe kakuhle amathambo.
• Kuthatha ixesha ukuphiliswa, kwaye i-physiotherapy yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yenkqubo yokuphiliswa.
• Ukuba ulandela imiyalelo kagqirha ngokuchanekileyo kwaye unomonde ngonyango, ungaphila kakuhle.

Musa ukoyika, kodwa hlala ukhathalela ukhuseleko lwakho. Kuba, njengoko isitsho, "Ukulumka kungcono kunonyango." Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo!

Ukwaphuka kwethambo , ithambo elaphukileyo, ithambo elityumkileyo, utyando, ukuphiliswa kwethambo, unyango lomzimba, iingozi, unyango lwethambo