Masizikhusele sonke kunye. Masifunde ngeHerd Immunity!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba, xa iqela elikhulu labantu likunye, umzekelo kwilali yakho, okanye apho usebenza khona, sonke sikhuseleka njani kwizifo ezithile? Ngamanye amaxesha asikuboni oko, kodwa kukho into enkulu eyenzekayo ukusikhusela sonke. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-'herd immunity' okanye '(Herd Immunity)'. Le yinto ebaluleke kakhulu, masithethe ngayo namhlanje, kulungile?

Yintoni kanye kanye iHerd Immunity?

Ngamafutshane, ukuzikhusela komhlambi kuxa uninzi lwabantu kuluntu, nokuba bakwilali okanye kwisixeko, bekhuselekile kwisifo esosulelayo, oko kukuthi, xa bechasana neso sifo, amathuba okuba eso sifo sisasazeke kwabanye ancipha kakhulu. Cinga ngaso njengomlilo wehlathi. Ukuze umlilo usasazeke, kufuneka usasazeke ukusuka komnye umthi uye komnye. Kodwa ukuba imithi emininzi ikhuselwe kumswakama okanye ayitshisi, kunzima ukuba umlilo usasazeke, akunjalo? Kunjalo ke ngale nto. Xa uninzi lwabantu kuluntu luchatshazelwe, zimbalwa iindawo apho isifo 'sitsiba khona'. Emva koko ukusasazeka kwesifo kuphantse kulawulwe.

Khawuthelekelele ukuba unabantwana abangama-30 eklasini yakho. Ukuba abangama-25 kubo 'bakhuselekile' kwi-measles, nokuba umntu ongaphandle uza eklasini ene-measles, esi sifo asiyi kusasazeka kwabo bangama-25. Emva koko amathuba okuba abantwana aba-5 abangenayo 'i-immune' bosulelwe ancitshiswa kakhulu, kuba akukho bantu baninzi eklasini abasebenza 'njengebhulorho' yokuba isifo sifikelele kubo. Lawo ngamandla '(oMkhuhlane wokuKhuselwa koMzimba)'. Kufana nekhaka elingabonakaliyo elikhuselayo elenza uluntu lonke.

Ngoko ke, singakhuseleka njani kwesi sifo?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sijonge indlela umntu akhuseleka ngayo kwisifo, oko kukuthi, akhuseleke. Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili zokwenza oku. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-immunity emizimbeni yethu isebenza ngendlela emangalisayo.

Iigonyo - Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo nekhuselekileyo!

Sonke besiva ngee-vaccines ukususela ebuntwaneni. Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo, ikhuselekileyo neyona isebenzayo yokwakha ukhuseleko kwisifo. I-vaccine lincinci kakhulu lenxalenye ebuthathaka okanye ebuleweyo yentsholongwane ebangela isifo emzimbeni wethu. Emva koko inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, esebenza 'njengomlindi' emzimbeni wethu, iyaqonda ukuba ngubani lo mntu ungamaziyo. Iyaziqonda kwaye yenze 'izixhobo' ezikhethekileyo zokulwa nayo. Ezi zixhobo sizibiza ngokuba zii-antibodies . Ezi "antibodies" zikrelekrele kakhulu, ziyayikhumbula loo ntsholongwane. Emva koko, ukuba intsholongwane ebangela isifo ingena emzimbeni wethu, ezo "antibodies" ezenziwe ngaphambili ziyayiqonda ngokukhawuleza kwaye ziyitshabalalise ngaphambi kokuba isifo sivele. Oku kufana noqeqesho ngaphambi kwemfazwe. Emva koko asiyi kugula okanye sibe neengxaki.

Kutheni le ndlela ingcono? Kuba sinokwakha ukhuseleko kwesi sifo ngaphandle kokufumana esi sifo size sifumane iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neentlungu ezihambisana naso. Ezinye izifo, umzekelo, ezifana nepoliyo, zinokubangela iingxaki zobomi bonke ukuba zifunyenwe. Ukugonywa kusikhusela kuzo zonke ezo ngozi. Yiyo loo nto nemibutho efana neWorld Health Organisation inika amandla amakhulu ekugonyweni.

Ukugula nokuchacha - yindlela enzima kancinci!

Indlela yesibini kukuba sifumane isifo, oko kukuthi, isifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane okanye intsholongwane, size siphile kuso. Xa oku kusenzeka, umzimba wethu uvelisa '(Antibodies)' ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla. Oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba isifo sibuya kwixesha elizayo, umzimba wethu ukulungele. Nangona kunjalo, le yindlela enzima nebuhlungu. Kuba, xa sifumana isifo, kufuneka sigule iintsuku, mhlawumbi iiveki. Kufuneka sihlupheke ziingxaki ezahlukeneyo ezifana nomkhuhlane, iintlungu zomzimba, ukukhwehlela, kunye nokuphefumla kancinci. Ezinye izifo, umzekelo, ezifana ne-measles, azibi ngcono, kwaye kwabanye abantu zinokubangela iingxaki ezinzima ezifana '(Pneumonia)', kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zide zibangele nokufa. Ke ngoko, ukufumana 'i-immune' emva kokufumana isifo akuyonto ilungileyo, ngakumbi kwisifo esine-vaccine.

Khawucinge nje, intombi encinci yomhlobo wakho inesifo senkukhu. Ayikwazanga ukuya esikolweni kangangeeveki ezimbini, yayinamaqhubu emzimbeni wayo wonke, yayikrwempa, kwaye yayingakwazi ukulala kakuhle. Yayiyingxaki enkulu kusapho. Emva kokuba iphilile, yayingenakukwazi 'ukugonywa' yinkukhu, kodwa hayi indlela ekwakufuneka idlule kuyo intlungu! Ukuba bekukho isitofu sokugonya, ngekungekho nanye kwezi ngxaki. Ke ngoko, akubobulumko ukuthi "uyagula kwaye wakhe amandla okuzikhusela", ngakumbi kwizifo ezinzulu.

Kwi-antibodies ezifunyenwe ngaphandle - oko kukuthi (Passive Immunity)

Indlela yesithathu ibizwa ngokuba yi-passive immunity . Kule ndlela, endaweni yokwenza ii-antibodies emizimbeni yethu, sifumana ii-antibodies ezenziwe ngaphambili ezivela ngaphandle. Oku kunokwenzeka ngeendlela ezimbini.

• Eyokuqala kukunika ii-'(Antibody)` `(Antibody shots)` ezenziwe ngokuchasene neentsholongwane ezithile. Ezi zinikwa abantu abathile kwiimeko ezithile. Umzekelo, intsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(RSV)` ibangela iingxaki zokuphefumla kwiintsana ezincinci. Ngoko ke, ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya kwiinyanga ezisi-8, iintsana zinikwa olu gonyo lwe-`(Antibody)`, nokuba ngaphambi okanye ngexesha le-`(RSV)`. Oku kunika umntwana ukhuseleko olukhawulezileyo. Kodwa oku akuyonto ifumanekayo kuzo zonke izifo, zimbalwa kakhulu izifo ezinee-`(Antibody)` ezinjalo.
• Indlela yesibini kukuba umama adlulisele ii-antibodies kumntwana wakhe. Umntwana ufumana ii-antibodies ezivela emzimbeni kamama nge-placenta ngelixa umntwana esesibelekweni, nangobisi lwebele emva kokuzalwa. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba yeentsana ezincinci ayikhuli kakhulu kwizigaba zokuqala. Ezi antibodies ezivela kumama ziyabakhusela kwizifo ezininzi, kanye njengokuba umntwana efumana ukhuseleko olufanayo kumama.

Kodwa kukho into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule apha.Ukhuseleko olunikwa yi-"Antibodies" olufumaneka kwimithombo yangaphandle, nokuba luvela kwi-vaccine okanye kwi-disease, aluhlali ixesha elide njenge-"Antibodies" eziveliswa yimizimba yethu. Ziyanyamalala emva kwexesha elithile. Yiyo loo nto neentsana ezincinci kufuneka zigonywe ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ukuze zakhe ukhuseleko lwexesha elide emizimbeni yazo.

Ngoko ke, kutheni le Herd Immunity ibaluleke kangaka?

Ngoku mhlawumbi uyaqonda ukuba yintoni `(Herd Immunity)` kwaye iba njani `immune`. Kutheni ke oku kubaluleke kangaka? Kuba, `(Herd Immunity)` ikhusela abo bangenakuzivikela kwisifo esithile, okanye abangenazo 'immune'. Oko kukuthi, ayinguye wonke umntu kuluntu ofanayo. Abanye abantu banamandla aphantsi okumelana nezifo ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo, okanye abanakugonywa. Oko `(Herd Immunity)` akwenzayo kukubonelela ngokhuseleko kubantu abanjalo.

Ngubani onokuthi abe `immune`, okanye ngubani okhuselwe ngokukodwa yi`(Herd Immunity)`?

• Abantu abangazange babe nesi sifo: Abanazo ii-antibodies ezilwa nesi sifo.
• Abantu abangakwaziyo ukugonywa: Umzekelo, iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa. Banokunikwa ezinye izitofu emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa. Kwakhona, abantu abane-allergies ezinzima basenokungakwazi ukugonywa.
• Abantu abagonywayo kodwa bengaphuhlisi "ii-antibodies" ezaneleyo emizimbeni yabo: Oku kunokwenzeka ngamanye amaxesha. Ayingomzimba womntu wonke ofanayo. Nokuba bagonywa, inani elincinci kakhulu labantu lisenokungaphuhlisi ngokwaneleyo emizimbeni yabo.
• Abantu abane-immune system ebuthathaka: Oku kunokwenzeka ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, abantu abadala. I-immune system yabo iphantsi kancinci ngokwendalo. Kwakhona, abantu abanyangwa izifo ezinje ngomhlaza, abo bafakelwe amalungu omzimba, okanye abo bathatha amayeza athile acinezela i-immune system (i-immunosuppressants) banokuba nale meko. Ukuba aba bantu bayagula, kunokuba nzima kakhulu.

Khawucinge nje, unomakhulu omdala endlwini yakho, naye onesifo esifana neDiabetes Mellitus. Ukufumanisa kunzima ukuphuma aye kufutshane nomntu wonke, uyoyika ukufumana isifo. Kodwa, ukuba ugonywa njengabo bonke abantu belali aze abe 'ngumlwelwe', ngoko ke umakhulu naye unokukhululeka ekoyikeni, akunjalo? Lelo lixabiso elikhulu le-'(Herd Immunity)'. Ngokuba 'ngumlwelwe', sikhusela omnye umntu ngokungazi.

Ngokwesiqhelo kuthiwa ukuba abantu abasi-7 okanye abasi-8 kwabali-10 kuluntu 'abanamandla okuzikhusela' kwisifo, uluntu lonke lukhuselekile kakhulu kweso sifo. Oko kuthetha ukuba amathuba okusasazeka kwesifo ancipha kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwizifo ezosulelayo kakhulu, njengemasisi, eli nani kufuneka libe phezulu nangakumbi. Mhlawumbi ama-95%, oko kukuthi, ama-95 kwabali-100, kufuneka 'amandla okuzikhusela' ukuze ayeke ngokupheleleyo ukusasazeka kwesifo.

Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kangakanani ukugonya ekudaleni ukhuselo lomzimba lomhlambi?

Ngoku usenokuba ucinga, 'Kulungile, ukuba ungasifumana esi sifo uze 'ube nomzimba oqinileyo,' kutheni ufanele ufumane isitofu?' Nantsi into. Ingcinga yokufikelela kwi-'(Herd Immunity)' ngaphandle kwesitofu ithetha ukuba inani elikhulu labantu kuluntu kuya kufuneka lifumane esi sifo, ligule, libandezeleke kakhulu, kwaye lide lilahlekelwe bubomi balo ukuze 'libe nomzimba oqinileyo.' Khawuthelekelele ukuba oko kungaba yingozi kangakanani? Kufana nokuvumela isifo sisasazeke uthi, 'Abo banokusinda, abanandaba nokuba kwenzeka ntoni kwabo bangenakukwazi.'

Kodwa, ngenxa yemigonyo, sikwazile ukudala ukhuselo lomhlambi ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kangaka kwaye ngaphandle kokugula kwabantu. Namhlanje, sikwazile ukulawula nokuphelisa phantse ngokupheleleyo izifo ezininzi ebezikhathaza abantu ixesha elide, ezifana ne-masisi, i-polio, kunye ne-chickenpox. Akunakwenzeka ukucinga ukuba bangaphi abantu abasindisiweyo kwaye bangaphi abantu abasindisiweyo ekukhubazekeni okungapheliyo.

Kodwa, ngelishwa, ngamanye amaxesha, xa amanye amaqela engavumi ukugonywa okanye engathabathi nxaxheba kwiinkqubo zokugonywa ngokufanelekileyo, izifo esizilawulayo ziqala ukwanda kwakhona. Kutshanje, ukuqhambuka kwezifo ezifana ne-masisi, i-mumps, kunye ne-pertussis/whooping cough kuye kwaxelwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Ezi zidla ngokunxulunyaniswa noluntu olungakhange lugonywe ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa ukhuselo lomzimba lomhlambi lunciphile, izifo zinethuba lokusasazeka kwakhona.

Ngoko ke, ukugonywa kubaluleke kakhulu kukhuseleko lwethu, kunye nokhuseleko lwabanye kuluntu lwethu, ingakumbi abo bakwiqela elisengozini elikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla. Kuphela ukuba sonke sigonywe ngendlela efanelekileyo apho singagcina olu donga lukhuselayo lwe-"Herd Immunity" luqinile.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule kweli bali?

Nangona ingcamango ethi ``Herd Immunity'' esithethe ngayo ibonakala ilula kakhulu, inkonzo eyinika impilo yethu yoluntu intle kakhulu. Masizikhumbuze oku kwakhona:

• Ukuzikhusela komhlambi kuxa uninzi lwabantu kuluntu luba nokuzikhusela kwisifo, ukusasazeka kwaso kuncitshiswa, kwaye abo bangenazo izifo bakhuselekile. Kufana nokuba ikhaka lokukhusela lenziwe macala onke.
• Eyona ndlela ilungileyo nekhuselekileyo yokuzikhusela kwisifo kukugonywa. Ukuzikhusela emva kokufumana esi sifo kunokuba yingozi kwaye kube yingozi.
• Ukuzikhusela komzimba emhlambini kubaluleke kakhulu kuba kukhusela abantwana abancinci abangakwaziyo ukugonywa, abantu abadala abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka, kunye nabantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka ngenxa yezifo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba bayagula, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kube nzima kakhulu.
• Xa sigonywa, asiqinisekisi nje kuphela ukhuseleko lwethu, kodwa sikwanegalelo ekukhuseleni usapho lwethu, abahlobo, abamelwane, kunye noluntu lonke. Luxanduva olukhulu, kodwa lukwayintsikelelo enkulu.
• Nangona ugonyo lusigqibo somntu ngamnye, imiphumo yalo ichaphazela lonke uluntu.Ngoko ke, ngokwazi ulwazi oluchanekileyo nokugonywa ngokweengcebiso zonyango, sonke singakha uluntu olusempilweni nolukhuselekileyo.

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba uyaqonda kakuhle `(Herd Immunity)`. Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, ungabuza ugqirha wakho wosapho okanye igosa lezempilo lasekuhlaleni. Khumbula, sonke sikhuselekile ngentsebenziswano yethu!

Ukungakhuseleki Komhlambi , Amayeza Okugonya, Ukungakhuseleki, Izifo Ezisulelayo, Impilo Yoluntu, Ukhuseleko