Masifunde ngakumbi malunga nosulelo lweSalmonella. Ezi zinto zibalulekile ukuze kuthintelwe iingxaki zesisu!

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esifunyanwa ngabantu abaninzi ngamanye amaxesha, esinokuba yinto ecaphukisayo kancinci. Ngaba wakha waneentlungu zesisu ngequbuliso, waphuma indle (urhudo), okanye wahlanza? Ngamanye amaxesha unobangela wale meko yintsholongwane encinci ebizwa ngokuba yiSalmonella , eyibhaktheriya. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngokuba yintoni iSalmonella, indlela engena ngayo kuthi, into omawuyenze xa ingena, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, indlela yokuzikhusela kuyo.

Yintoni le Salmonella?

Ngamafutshane, iSalmonella luhlobo lwentsholongwane encinci kakhulu ukuba ingabonwa ngamehlo enyama . Ngokuchanekileyo, yintsholongwane. Xa le ntsholongwane ingena emzimbeni wethu nokutya okanye amanzi ethu, sifumana imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Salmonellosis', oko kukuthi, usulelo lwe-salmonella. Xa oku kusenzeka, kudla ngokubangela iintlungu zesisu kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa, urhudo, ngamanye amaxesha amaxesha amaninzi ngemini, ukuhlanza, umkhuhlane, kunye nentlungu yokuqaqamba esiswini. Kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi, akukho nto ifanele ixhalabe ngayo. Ukuba usela amanzi amaninzi kwaye uphumze umzimba wakho, uninzi lwabantu luya kuphila kwiintsuku ezine ukuya kwezintlanu, ngamanye amaxesha ngeveki.

Siyifumana njani iSalmonella?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sijonge indlela le ntsholongwane iphazamisayo engena ngayo emizimbeni yethu. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo xa singazi sitya okanye sisela ukutya okungcoliswe lindle lezilwanyana eziqulethe intsholongwane yeSalmonella. Khawucinge ngento enokwenzeka ukuba into efana nale iyenzeka:

• Ukuba utya inyama, intlanzi, inkukhu, inyama yenkomo, okanye amaqanda angaphekwanga kakuhle. Abanye abantu bathanda ukutya amaqanda ngaphandle kokuwabilisa kakuhle, iqanda lisesemanzini. Okanye amaqanda "aphekiweyo kancinci". Ezi ntsholongwane zinokungena emzimbeni ngokulula ngezinto ezinjalo. Kukho umngcipheko wokuba ingaphakathi lenkukhu okanye lenkomo aliphekwanga kakuhle xa liphekiwe.
• Ukuba usika inyama eluhlaza okanye intlanzi ngemela efanayo kunye nebhodi yokusikela (ibhodi yokusikela) njengesaladi, khawucinge ukuba usika inkukhu uze uyibeke ebhodini. Emva koko, ngaphandle kokuyihlamba kakuhle loo bhodi, usika ikhaphetshu kunye neminqathe yesaladi. Ngaba iintsholongwane zeSalmonella ezazikuloo nyama aziyi kuya nakwezo mifuno zesaladi? Oku sikubiza ngokuba kukungcola okunqamlezileyo.
• Ukuba usela ubisi olungakhange lufakwe i-pasteurization. I-pasteurization yinkqubo etshabalalisa iintsholongwane eziyingozi kubisi. Iipakethi ezininzi zobisi ezithengiswa evenkileni zibhalwe "i-pasteurized." Ukuba usela ubisi olungafudunyezwanga ngokufanelekileyo, njengobisi oluthengwe ngqo efama, kukho umngcipheko.
• Ukuba utya imifuno neziqhamo ezingahlanjwanga kakuhle, ngamanye amaxesha ezi ntsholongwane zinokuqokelelana kwizichumisi ezisetyenziswa xa kukhuliswa imifuno neziqhamo, okanye kwindawo engqongileyo. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlamba yonke imifuno neziqhamo ezityiwa ziluhlaza kakuhle ngamanzi ngaphambi kokuba uzitye.

Enye indlela kukuba sifumana into efana nendle equlethe le ntsholongwane ezandleni zethu size siyifake emlonyeni wethu singazihlambanga kakuhle izandla zethu. Oku kunokwenzeka:

• Ukuba uhlamba ngamanzi angcolileyo aneentsholongwane, okanye ukuba usela loo manzi. Ngamanye amaxesha, amanzi kwiindawo ezifana namachibi nemilambo anokuba mdaka.
• Ukuba uphatha isilwanyana esinentsholongwane ngaphandle kokuhlamba izandla zakho ngokufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba usitye. Le ntsholongwane inokubakho kwizilwanyana zasefama ezifana neenkukhu namadada, okanye kwizilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo ezifana nee-iguana kunye neefudo. Ukuba awuzihlambi kakuhle izandla zakho ngesepha emva kokuziphatha, kukho amathuba aphezulu okugula.

Umngcipheko wokusasazeka kwesifo seSalmonella ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye uphantsi kakhulu, kodwa akunakwenzeka. Kukho ithuba elincinci losulelo, ingakumbi ukuba indlu yangasese esetyenziswa ngumntu onesifo sorhudo ayicocwanga kakuhle, okanye ukuba impahla yomntu ingcolile.

Ziziphi iimpawu zosulelo lweSalmonella?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezibonakaliswa yimizimba yethu xa sifumana usulelo lweSalmonella. Iimpawu zihlala ziqala ukubonakala kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kwiintsuku ezimbini emva kokuba intsholongwane ingenile emzimbeni.

• Ukudumba (urhudo): Olu luphawu oluphambili. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho igazi elincinci kwindle.
• Intlungu yesisu kunye nesicaphucaphu: Ivakala ngathi yisisu esibuhlungu.
• Ukuhlanza: Ungahlanza ukuba awukwazi ukugcina ukutya kuphantsi.
• Umkhuhlane: Umzimba uba shushu kwaye ube nomkhuhlane.
• Intloko ebuhlungu: Abanye abantu banokuba nentloko ebuhlungu.
• Intlungu yomzimba: Umzimba usenokungaziva ngathi awuphili, ngokungathi uyaqaqamba.

Oku kubaluleke kakhulu: Kwiintsana ezincinci, oko kukuthi, iintsana ezineenyanga ezimbalwa ubudala, okanye kubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka (umzekelo, umntu ofumana i-chemotherapy yomhlaza, okanye umntu one-HIV), olu sulelo lweSalmonella lunokuba yingozi ngakumbi. Kubantu abanjalo, kukho umngcipheko wosulelo lomchamo, iintsholongwane ezingena egazini (oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-'bacteremia' kumayeza), kunye nosulelo olusasazeka emathanjeni, emalungwini, okanye nasebuchotsheni. Ke ngoko, kufuneka silumke ngakumbi ngabantu abanjalo.

Ungazi njani ukuba le yiSalmonella?

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho uneempawu ezifana norhudo okanye ukuhlanza, kwaye ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba isenokuba yiSalmonella ngokusekelwe kwimibuzo abayibuzayo kunye novavanyo oluya kulwenza, banokukuvavanya ukuqinisekisa.

Uvavanyo lwesitulo ludla ngokwenziwa. Oku kunokufumanisa ngokuchanekileyo ubukho bebhaktheriya yeSalmonella kwisampulu yesisu sakho. Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, ingakumbi ukuba kukho ukurhanelwa kwemeko ebizwa ngokuba yibacteremia, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni enze ezinye iimvavanyo, ezinje ngovavanyo lwegazi.

Wenza ntoni xa uneSalmonella? Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Kukho izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizenze xa sifumana usulelo lweSalmonella.

1. Ukuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni: Urhudo kunye nokuhlanza kubangela ukuba umzimba ulahlekelwe ngamanzi kunye neetyuwa. Oku kunokubangela ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Oku kuyingozi. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukusela ulwelo oluninzi.

• Isisombululo sikaJeevani sesona silungileyo. Ungasifumana kwikhemesti.
• Sela izinto ezincinci ezifana namanzi eorenji, ipapa enetyuwa, iisuphu, kunye namanzi abilisiwe kakuhle rhoqo.
• Kungcono ukuba ungazenzi izinto ezifana neziselo ezineswekile kunye neejusi zeziqhamo (ingakumbi ijusi yeapile) kuba zinokunyusa urhudo.

2. Phumla ngokwaneleyo: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana ukuphumla ngokwaneleyo kuba kuyawucinezela umzimba. Oku kuya kunika umzimba amandla okulwa nesi sifo.

3. Musa ukuthatha amayeza okulwa norhudo ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha: Le yimpazamo eyenziwa ngabantu abaninzi. Amanye amayeza okulwa norhudo anokubangela ukuba iintsholongwane zihlale emzimbeni ixesha elide. Oku kunokwenza ukugula kube mandundu. Ngoko ke, musa ukuwathatha la mayeza wedwa ngaphandle kokuba unikwe ngugqirha.

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane akasoloko enikwa xa kusulelwa yiSalmonella, njengoko edla ngokuziphelela. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, kubantwana abancinci, kubantu abadala, kubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka, okanye ukuba usulelo lubi kakhulu kwaye urhudo lukho kangangeentsuku ezininzi, ugqirha unokugqiba ekubeni anike amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.

Awunakukwazi na ukuthintela esi sifo seSalmonella? Ungasithintela njani?

Ngethamsanqa, kukho izinto ezilula, kodwa ezibalulekileyo esinokuzenza ukuze sizikhusele kwezi zifo zeSalmonella. Ukuba sonke sithatha la manyathelo okhuseleko, singenza lukhulu ekuthinteleni ezi ngxaki zesisu.

Khumbula ezi zinto xa ulungisa kwaye ugcina ukutya:

• Pheka inyama efana nenkukhu, inyama yenkomo, inyama yehagu, intlanzi, kunye neentlanzi zaselwandle kakuhle. Pheka ide inyama iphekwe kakuhle kwaye ingabi pinki. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-thermometer yokutya ukujonga ubushushu benyama.
• Xa upheka amaqanda, wapheke ude umthubi ube nzima kakhulu. Kuphephe ukutya amaqanda aluhlaza okanye amaqanda angaphekwanga kakuhle.
• Kuphephe ukutya ukutya okunamaqanda aluhlaza kangangoko unako. Umzekelo, ezinye iisaladi ezenziwe ekhaya (ezifana nesaladi kaCaesar), ezinye iidizethi (ezifana ne-tiramisu), i-egg nog, kunye nentlama yekhukhi eluhlaza zinokuba namaqanda aluhlaza. Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba uyayijonga le nto xa uthenga evenkileni.
• Hlamba zonke iibhodi zokusika, izixhobo, ezifana neemela, kunye neekhawuntara ezichukumise inyama eluhlaza okanye inkukhu kakuhle ngesepha namanzi ashushu. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, yiba nebhodi yokusika eyahlukileyo yenyama eluhlaza nentlanzi kunye nebhodi yokusika eyahlukileyo yemifuno neziqhamo.
• Sebenzisa ubisi olufakwe iintsholongwane kunye neemveliso zobisi kuphela.
• Faka okuseleyo efrijini ngokukhawuleza, zingadlulanga iiyure ezi-2. Iintsholongwane zikhula lula xa zingaphandle. Sebenzisa ukutya okufakwe efrijini zingadlulanga iintsuku ezi-3-4.
• Gcina ifriji yakho kumaqondo obushushu angama-40°F okanye ngaphantsi. Gcina ifriji yakho kumaqondo obushushu angama-18°C okanye ngaphantsi.

Musa ukulibala ezi zinto xa usebenzisana nezilwanyana:

• Kuphephe ukudibana ngqo nendle yezilwanyana zasekhaya, ingakumbi izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo ezifana neefudo, ii-iguana, kunye neenyoka. Nxiba iiglavu xa ucoca iikheyiji kunye neendawo ezivalekileyo.
• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi emva kokuchukumisa nasiphi na isilwanyana, ingakumbi iinkukhu, amadada kunye nezilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo.
• Kuphephe ukuzisa izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo kufutshane nabantwana abancinci, ingakumbi apho zitya khona okanye zidlala khona. Amasosha omzimba eentsana abuthathaka, ngoko ke anokuzifumana lula ezi ntlobo zosulelo.

Ucoceko yeyona nto iphambili:

• Wonke umntu kusapho lwakho ufanele ahlambe izandla zakhe rhoqo nangokucokisekileyo. Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.
• Emva kokuya kwigumbi lokuhlambela.
• Ngaphambi kokulungisa ukutya, ngaphambi kokutya ukutya.
• Emva kokukrwela impumlo, ukuthimla, nokukhohlela.
• Emva kokuphuma nokubuyela ekhaya.
• Emva kokuchukumisa isilwanyana.

Soloko usebenzisa isepha kwaye uhlambe izandla zakho kakuhle ubuncinane imizuzwana engama-20.

• Hlamba iziqhamo nemifuno etyiwa iluhlaza kakuhle ngamanzi acocekileyo.
• Sela amanzi aqinisekisiweyo ukuba acocekile kuphela. Kuphephe ukusela amanzi avela kwiindawo ezirhanelekayo (ingakumbi ngexesha leentlekele ezifana nezikhukula).
• Xa uhamba intaba okanye ukhempisha, musa ukusela amanzi ngqo avela kwimilambo, imilambo, okanye eminye imithombo yamanzi. Ukuba kukho iindlela zokucoca amanzi ngaphambi kokuba uwasele (umz., izihluzi zamanzi, iipilisi zokucoca amanzi), zisebenzise.

Ukuba kukho umntu orhudayo endlwini:

• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle xa umncedisa, ingakumbi ngaphambi kokuba uchukumise abanye abantu, ngaphambi kokuba ulungiselele ukutya, nangaphambi kokuba utye.
• Emva kokuba umntu onesifo sorhudo esebenzisa indlu yangasese, yicoce kakuhle ngesibulali-ntsholongwane.
• Hlamba impahla yakhe kunye neebhedi zakhe ngamanzi ashushu.

Ndifanele ndibonane nogqirha nini?

Nangona usulelo lweSalmonella ludla ngokuphela emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, kwezinye iimeko kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha. Ukuba wena okanye umntu osapho lwakho, ingakumbi umntwana, unezinye zezi mpawu, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha:

• Ukuba kukho igazi elihamba norhudo.
• Ukuba urhudo luhlala ixesha elingaphezu kweentsuku ezintathu okanye ezine kwaye aluphucuki.
• Ukuba uqhubeka nokuhlanza kwaye awukwazi ukugcina nantoni na phantsi.
• Ukuba ubonisa iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, oko kuthetha ukuba:
• Ukuba uchama kancinci kakhulu kunesiqhelo (ukuba awukachami iiyure ezi-6-8).
• Ukuba umlomo wakho nolwimi lwakho lomile kakhulu.
• Ukuba akukho inyembezi xa ulila (zeentsana ezincinci).
• Ukuba amehlo akho abonakala etshonile okanye engenamngxuma.
• Ukuba ulusu lwakho luvakala lungenabomi kwaye umzimba wakho uziva ubanda.
• Ukuba uziva unesiyezi xa umi.
• Ukuba iintlungu zesisu zisandula ukuqala okanye ziye zaba nzima kakhulu kunangaphambili.
• Ukuba unomkhuhlane ophezulu (ngaphezulu kwama-38.5 Celsius / 101.3 Fahrenheit).
• Ukuba umntwana ulele kakhulu, ubonakala ediniwe, okanye akadlali.
• Ukuba unentlungu yamalungu.

Khumbula, umazi kakuhle umntwana wakho. Nokuba ezi mpawu azikho, ukuba unenkxalabo okanye uxhalabile ngemeko yomntwana wakho, kungcono ukufowunela ugqirha ukuze akucebise. Musa ukuyityeshela nantoni na ebonakala incinci.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule kweli bali?

Kulungile, nazi izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule koko sithethe ngako ngale Salmonella ikhathazayo:

• Pheka ukutya kwakho kakuhle, uhlambe izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi, kwaye ugcine ikhitshi lakho neendawo zokulungiselela ukutya zicocekile. La manyathelo alula aya kunceda kakhulu ekuthinteleni kungekuphela nje iSalmonella, kodwa nezinye iingxaki zesisu kunye netyhefu yokutya.
• Kuphephe ukulungisa okanye ukuphatha ezinye ukutya (ingakumbi iisaladi ezityiwa ziluhlaza) ngezandla, iibhodi zokusikela, okanye iimela ezibambe inyama eluhlaza okanye intlanzi. Olu "ngcoliseko oluxutyiweyo" yilo ludla ngokubangela iingxaki.
• Ukuba kukho iintsana ezincinci, abantu abadala, okanye abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka (oko kukuthi, abo bangakwaziyo ukumelana nezifo), lumka kwaye ulumke ngakumbi ukuze ubakhusele, njengoko olu hlobo losulelo lunokuba nzima kakhulu.
• Ukuba unesifo sorhudo, ukuhlanza, umkhuhlane, okanye isisu sibuhlungu, ingakumbi kumntwana, ukuba ubonisa iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, okanye ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba imeko imbi kakhulu, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
• Ungakhathazeki! I-Salmonella sisifo esinokunyangwa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuba sinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, ngokuphumla ngokwaneleyo kunye nolwelo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona isifo kwangethuba, ukusilawula ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye wenze konke okusemandleni akho ukusithintela.

Ngoko ke, masizikhumbule ezi zinto size sizame ukuhlala sicocekile kwaye sisempilweni, akunjalo?

I- Salmonella, i-Salmonella, urhudo, isisu esibuhlungu, ityhefu yokutya, iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, ukhuseleko lokutya, ukuhlamba izandla