Masifunde yonke into malunga nokufakelwa kweeseli ze-Stem ngendlela elula.

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngokufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem. Ngokwenene ziluncedo kakhulu, unyango olusindisa ubomi kwezinye izifo. Kodwa kuthatha ixesha ukuchacha ngokupheleleyo. Ngaba singathetha ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, njengokuba sithetha nomhlobo?

Zithini iiStem Cells?

Ngamafutshane, ii-stem cells luhlobo olukhethekileyo lweeseli emzimbeni wethu. Ezi seli zinamandla amangalisayo okukhula zibe ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli. Ii-stem cells esithetha ngazo kolu tshintsho lwee-stem cell zezona zivelisa iiseli ezibalulekileyo egazini lethu. Oko kukuthi:

• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi: Ezi zezona zithwala ioksijini emzimbeni wonke.
• Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi: Ezi seli zisikhusela ngokulwa neentsholongwane nezifo ezingena emizimbeni yethu.
• Iiplatelets: Ezi zezona zinceda ukujiya kwegazi xa kukho ukwenzakala.

Cinga nje ngokuba ezi stem cells zifana neqhekeza lodongwe elinokwenziwa libe yinto nayiphi na. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimfuneko, zingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, okanye iiplatelets.

Kutheni le nto kwenziwa olu tshintsho lweeseli ze-stem?

Ngoku, makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iimeko apho ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem kunokunceda khona. Oku akuyonto eyenziwa kuzo zonke izifo, kodwa kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, esi sesona sisombululo silungileyo.

• Kubantu abanezifo ezinzulu ezinxulumene negazi: Umzekelo, ezinye iintlobo ze-leukemia, ezenzeka xa umongo wethambo ungasebenzi kakuhle.
• Kubantu abaneentlobo ezithile zomhlaza: Umhlaza ofana neLymphoma okanye iMultiple Myeloma.
• Kwabo banesifo sokungasebenzi kakuhle komzimba: Inkqubo yabo yokuzikhusela komzimba ibuthathaka kangangokuba imizimba yabo ayinakukwazi ukulwa nezifo.
• Kubantu abanezifo ezithile zokuzikhusela komzimba: Umzekelo, kwizifo ezifana ne-lupus, xa iiseli zomzimba zihlasela umzimba.
• Olu nyango lusebenza kakhulu nakwezinye izifo zegazi ezizuzwe njengelifa: iThalassemia okanye iSickle Cell Disease.

Sizifumana phi ezi stem cells?

Kulungile, ngoku mhlawumbi uyazibuza ukuba sizifumana phi ezi seli zibalulekileyo. Kukho iindawo ezintathu eziphambili apho oogqirha banokufumana khona ezi seli:

1. I-Bone Marrow: Le yeyona ndlela idumileyo. Oku kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-'Bone Marrow Transplant'. I-Bone Marrow yinxalenye ethambileyo, ethambileyo engaphakathi kwamathambo ethu amakhulu. Kulapho kwenziwa khona iiseli zegazi.

2. Ngokusebenzisa iBloodstream: Ngokunika amayeza akhethekileyo, ii-stem cells ezivela kumongo wethambo zinokukhutshwa ziye egazini, kwaye ezi seli zinokuqokelelwa ngomatshini ofana nomnikelo wegazi oqhelekileyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiPeripheral Blood Stem Cell (PBSC) collection.

3.Igazi leNtambo yoMbili: Emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe, xa intambo yoMbili isusiwe, igazi elishiyekileyo liqulathe ezi seli zibalulekileyo. Ezi zinokuqokelelwa zize zisetyenziswe ngumntu osweleyo.

Ngale ndlela, sibiza umntu onika ii-stem cells ngokuthi 'ngumnikeli' . Okubaluleke kakhulu kukuba kwezinye izifo, umntu onesifo unokuba ngumnikeli wakhe. Oko kukuthi, ii-stem cells zakhe zithathwa ngaphambi kokuba unyango lwesifo luqale, ziqandiswe, zize ziphinde zityalwe kuye xa kufuneka. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -'Autologous Transplant' .

Kodwa uninzi lwexesha, omnye umntu unikela ngezi seli. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -'Allogeneic Transplant' . Ukuba ii-stem cells zithathwe komnye umntu, ukwakheka kwezakhi zofuzo zezo seli, ngakumbi iimpawu ze-HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen), kufuneka zifane kakhulu. Ngamafutshane, yonke iseli emzimbeni wethu inekhadi lesazisi elincinci. La makhadi mabini esazisi kufuneka afane kakhulu, kungenjalo umzimba awuyi kuzamkela iiseli ezintsha. Ngokwesiqhelo, umntakwabo womntwana ngoyena uhambelanayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, umlinganiso unokufumaneka kumzali okanye kumnikeli onganxulumananga naye. Kukho iidathabheyisi ezinkulu (iirejista) zoku ukuze kufunyanwe abanikeli abahambelanayo.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba umntu onikelayo akafumaneki?

Khawucinge nje, ukuba ii-stem cells ezivela kumxhasi azifani ngokuchanekileyo (ngamanye amaxesha nokuba zihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo, ezi ngxaki zinokwenzeka kakhulu okanye kancinci), iingxaki ezimbini eziphambili zinokuvela:

1. Ukwaliwa: Kulapho inkqubo yomzimba yesigulana ihlasela iiseli ezisandula ukufakelwa. Icinga ukuba, "Ezi asizizo ezethu iiseli, zifana nabahlaseli bamanye amazwe," ize izama ukuzitshabalalisa. Oku kuthintelwa ngamayeza okunciphisa umzimba.

2. Isifo se-Graft-versus-Host (GVHD): Oku kuchasene noko. Iiseli zomzimba zomnikeli ezisandula ukufakelwa (ngakumbi ii-T-lymphocytes) ziqala ukuhlasela iiseli eziphilileyo emzimbeni wesigulana, zicinga ukuba, "Lo mzimba awungowethu." Oku kunokuchaphazela iindawo ezifana nolusu, isibindi, kunye namathumbu. Kukho amayeza okulawula oku.

Le nkqubo yokufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem yenzeke njani?

Kulungile, masibone ukuba le nkqubo yokufakelwa isidoda isebenza njani. Yinkqubo enamanyathelo amaninzi.

1. Ukulungiselela:

Ngaphambi kokufakelwa i-stem cell, oogqirha baza kufaka into ebizwa ngokuba yi-'central line', okanye 'central venous catheter' . Oku kufana nomgca omkhulu, okhethekileyo we-IV (intravenous). Ufakwa kumthambo omkhulu kufutshane nentliziyo, phantsi kolusu entanyeni, esifubeni, okanye emqolo. Lo mgca uphakathi ungashiywa endaweni yawo ixesha elide kune-IV eqhelekileyo. Oku kwenza kube lula koogqirha kunye nabongikazi ukukunika amayeza, ukuthatha iisampulu zegazi, kunye nokukunika iiseli ezifakelweyo. Akufuneki ufumane iinaliti rhoqo.

2. Unyango lokulungisa imeko yesikhumba:

Ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem kwenziwa kwiyunithi ekhethekileyo esibhedlele. Okokuqala, umntu oza kufumana iiseli zomnikeli (umamkeli) unikwa iidosi eziphezulu ze-chemotherapy kunye/okanye i-radiation kangangeentsuku ezininzi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba lunyango lokulungisa imeko. Oku kwenziwa ngezizathu ezibini eziphambili:

• Tshabalalisa iiseli ezimbi neziyingozi (umz. iiseli zomhlaza, iiseli zomongo wethambo ezingasebenzi kakuhle) ezibangela izifo.
• Yenza buthathaka inkqubo yakhe yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuze iiseli ezisandul’ ukunikezelwa zikwazi ukufakwa ngokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kokuba zingamkelwa.

3. Ukufakelwa kweeseli zesiqu:

Emva kokuba unyango lugqityiwe, emva kosuku olunye okanye ezimbini zokuphumla, ii-stem cells ezivela kumxhasi zifakwa kwisigulana ngomgca ophakathi (njengokunika igazi). Le yinkqubo ethatha iiyure ezininzi. Ezi seli zihamba ngegazi zize zihlale kumongo wethambo, apho ziqala khona ukwenza iiseli zegazi ezintsha nezisempilweni.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokufakelwa isidoda?

Emva kokuba umntu efumene utyando lwe-stem cell, kuthatha ixesha ukuba umzimba wakhe wenze iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezintsha, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha malunga neeveki ezi-2-4 ukuba ezi seli zintsha ziqale ukusebenza. Ngeli xesha, umngcipheko wosulelo, ukopha, kunye nezinye iingxaki uphezulu kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba inani leeseli zegazi liphantsi kakhulu ngelixa iiseli zegazi ezindala zitshatyalaliswa kwaye kusenziwa ezintsha.

Uninzi lwabantu luhlala kwigumbi elikhethekileyo esibhedlele kangangeeveki ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-5 (okanye nangaphezulu) emva kokufakelwa isibeleko. Ngeli xesha, iqela lezonyango liqaphela kakhulu oku kulandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi lwenziwa yonke imihla ukuze kubonwe ukuba iiseli ezintsha zegazi ziyaveliswa na kwiiseli zokuqala ezityaliweyo.
• Amayeza anikwa ukuthintela ukwaliwa kunye nesifo se-Graft-versus-Host (GVHD).
• Amayeza anjengee-antibiotics, ii-antifungals, kunye nee-antivirals anikwa ukuthintela usulelo.
• Ukuba kuyimfuneko, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeplatelets zinikwa ngaphandle (utofelo-gazi).
• Ijonga ukuba amalungu anjengesibindi nezintso asebenza kakuhle na.
• Naziphi na iingxaki ezifana nezilonda emlonyeni, ukuhlanza, urhudo, usulelo, ukopha, ukungafunwa, okanye i-GVHD zinyangwa ngokukhawuleza.
• Qinisekisa ukuba isigulana sifumana ukutya okwaneleyo. Oku kungabandakanya ukondla ngetyhubhu okanye ukondla ngokupheleleyo umntwana (i-TPN).
• Wonke umntu oza esibhedlele uyahlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulandela imithetho yokuthintela usulelo. Oko kuthetha ukuba:
• Akukho mntu unesifo (nokuba ngumkhuhlane) onokuza kubona isigulana.
• Wonke umntu makahlambe izandla zakhe kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba angene egumbini.
• Wonke umntu makanxibe imaski, iiglavu, kunye negawuni.

Abazali (ukuba ngumntwana) banokunceda njani?

Emva kokuba umntwana efumene utyando lwe-stem cell,Kuthatha iinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezili-12, okanye nangaphezulu, ukuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuyele esiqhelweni. Ukuza kuthi ga ngelo xesha, nosulelo oluncinci lunokuba nzima kakhulu ebantwaneni. Nokuba umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo unokuba yingozi. Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukunceda ukukhusela umntwana wakho kwiisulelo:

• Umntwana wakho, amalungu osapho, kunye neendwendwe (ezivumelekileyo ukutyelela) kufuneka zihlambe izandla zazo kakuhle kwaye rhoqo ngesepha yokubulala iintsholongwane kunye/okanye i-sanitizer yezandla. Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.
• Musa ukuzisa nabani na ogulayo kufutshane nomntwana.
• Hlamba umntwana wakho yonke imihla ngeshampu nesepha ethambileyo. Gcina ulusu lwakhe lucocekile.
• Landela imiyalelo kagqirha ngokuchanekileyo:
• Umntwana angaya nini esikolweni okanye kwezinye iindawo zikawonke-wonke (iindawo ezixineneyo, iibhanyabhanya, iivenkile ezinkulu).
• Umntwana ufanele anxibe nini imaski xa ephuma?
• Zeziphi ukutya ezilungileyo ukuba umntwana akutye kwaye zeziphi ukutya ezimbi ukuba umntwana akutye (umz. iisaladi eziluhlaza, inyama engaphekwanga kakuhle kunye nentlanzi).
• Ngaba umntwana angakwazi ukuba kufutshane nezilwanyana zasekhaya aze azichukumise?

Yintoni enye ekufuneka siyazi?

Abantwana abaninzi (kunye nabantu abadala) bayachacha emva kokufakelwa i-stem cell. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha elichithwa esibhedlele kunye nexesha elichithwa ekhaya linokuba ngumceli mngeni kwisigulana nakwintsapho yaso, ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba.

"Musa ukuzama ukuhamba wedwa kolu hambo. Cela uncedo."

Fumana inkxaso kwamanye amalungu osapho, abahlobo, iqela lakho lezonyango, umcebisi, okanye unontlalontle. Ungamnyamekela kakuhle kuphela umguli wakho (okanye umntwana, ukuba ngumntwana) ukuba uzinyamekela kakuhle.

Ukuze uncede isigulana sakho siphile kakuhle kwaye sihlale sisempilweni, yenza ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Gcina zonke iindwendwe eziya kugqirha kwaye unike amayeza akho ngexesha.
• Xhasa kwaye ukhuthaze isigulana ngexesha lotshintsho lomzimba (umz., ukulahleka kweenwele, ukudinwa, utshintsho lolusu) olunokwenzeka ngenxa yechemotherapy kunye/okanye i-radiation.
• Bancede bajongane nobulolo kunye nokwahlukaniswa okubangelwa kukuba kude nabahlobo kunye nosapho ngexesha lokuchacha kwabo. Banike amathuba okuthetha, nokuba ngeefowuni zevidiyo.
• Buza isigulana ukuba singathanda na ukuthetha nomcebisi okanye unontlalontle ukuze asincede sijongane neemvakalelo ezifana nosizi, uloyiko, nomsindo onokuvela ngexesha lokuchacha.
• Nceda isigulana (ingakumbi umntwana) simisele inkqubo elula yemihla ngemihla equka umthambo olula (ukuba uvunyiwe ngugqirha), ukutya ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo, kunye nemisebenzi abayithandayo, njengokudlala, ukufunda, kunye nokuzoba.

Kunini apho kufuneka siye kugqirha kungekudala?

Kukho iingozi ezithile xa ubuyela ekhaya emva kokufakelwa kwakho isibeleko. Ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu zilandelayo:Ufanele utsalele ugqirha umnxeba ngoko nangoko, ungalibazisi nomzuzu omnye, kungenjalo kufuneka usiwe esibhedlele:

• Ukuba ubushushu buyi-38.0°C (100.4°F) okanye ngaphezulu xa ujonge ngomlomo (le yeyona mpawu iyingozi kakhulu).
• Ukuba unempumlo egobhozayo, ukhohlela, isifuba sakho siqinile, okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ukuba ukuhlanza okanye urhudo luyaqhubeka.
• Ukuba uphuma umnyama, indle engapheliyo (indle) (oku kungaba luphawu lokopha emathunjini).
• Ukuba ukrweleka lula okanye ukopha okunganqandekiyo (umz., empumlweni okanye kwiintsini).
• Ukuba kukho igazi kumchamo, okanye ukuba umbala womchamo utshintshile.
• Ukuba unentloko ebuhlungu kakhulu, isiyezi, okanye umbono ofipheleyo.
• Kulungile ukukhwehlela igazi, kodwa ukuba awukwazi ukulawula ukopha empumlweni kwimizuzu embalwa,
• Ukuba kuvela into entsha emzimbeni, efana nokurhawuzelela.

Okokugqibela, ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ngoko ke, ukufakelwa i-stem cell kunokuba lunyango oluphumelelayo kakhulu nolutshintsha ubomi kwezinye izifo ezinzulu. Kodwa yinkqubo enkulu, kwaye ukuchacha kuthatha ixesha, umonde, kunye nokuzinikela. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha ngqo, ukunika isigulana (ukuba ngumntwana, umntwana) uthando, uthando, kunye nenkxaso engagungqiyo, kwaye ngakumbi sibakhusele kwiintsholongwane.

Khumbula, wena nesigulana sakho aninodwa kolu hambo lunzima! Iqela lezonyango, usapho, kunye nabahlobo bonke bakunye nani. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo, nokuba mancinci kangakanani na, ungoyiki ukubuza iqela lezonyango. Bakho ukuze bakuncede.

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