Intliziyo yenye yezona zitho zibalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu. Ifana nenjini yemoto, akunjalo? Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba le ntliziyo ayiyodwa, ikwanayo nesigqubuthelo esikhethekileyo sokukhusela, okanye, ingxowa, esiyijikelezileyo? Namhlanje sithetha ngalo mkhuseli wentliziyo yethu, okanye into eyaziwa ngokwezonyango njenge-pericardium.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-pericardium?
I-pericardium sisingxobo esikhuselayo nesizele lulwelo esijikeleze intliziyo yakho. Sinceda intliziyo isebenze kakuhle. Esi singxobo asigqumi intliziyo kuphela, kodwa sigquma neemvelaphi zemithambo yegazi emikhulu (ekwabizwa ngokuba "ziimithambo emikhulu") ekhokelela entliziyweni.
Oko kuthetha ukuba imithambo ephambili inje:
- I-Aorta
- Umthambo oyintloko wemiphunga
- Imithambo yemiphunga
- I-vena cava ephezulu nengaphantsi
Zithini imisebenzi ephambili yentliziyo?
Khawucinge nje ukuba le bhegi incinci inokwenza umsebenzi ongakanani. Nazi ezinye zezona zinto ziphambili ezisebenza kuyo:
- Ukukhusela intliziyo: Oku kusebenza njengomqamelo okhusela intliziyo kwiingxaki zangaphandle, nokuba singawa okanye sibetheke esifubeni ndaweni ithile.
- Ukugcina intliziyo ikwindawo enye: Oku kunceda ukugcina intliziyo ikwindawo yayo efanelekileyo esifubeni, ngaphandle kokuba ijikeleze.
- Ukuthintela intliziyo ekubeni nkulu kakhulu: Xa intliziyo izele ligazi, esi sigqubuthelo silawula intliziyo ekudumbeni kakhulu kwaye siyizalise ngegazi elininzi.
- Ukukhusela kwiintsholongwane: Oku kunceda ukuthintela ukuba iintsholongwane zingasasazeki entliziyweni zivela kwizicwili ezingqongileyo, umzekelo, imiphunga.
- Ukunciphisa ukungqubana: Inika ukuthambisa ukunciphisa ukungqubana okwenzeka xa intliziyo ibetha kwizicubu ezingqongileyo.
Iphi le ntliziyo?
I-pericardium ikwisifuba sethu, ijikeleze intliziyo. Uyazi, intliziyo ikwicala elingaphambili lesifuba, kancinci ngasekhohlo kwethambo eliphakathi (sternum). Kodwa kunqabile kakhulu, iintliziyo zabanye abantu zikwicala lasekunene, esilibiza ngokuba yi-"dextrocardia". Kumntu onjalo, i-pericardium ikwicala lasekunene.
Masifunde ngeengqimba ze-pericardium.
Le ngxowa ibizwa ngokuba yi-pericardium yenziwe ngamaleya amabini aphambili. Oku kuyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, kodwa masiyiqonde ngokulula.
| Umaleko | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| I-pericardium ene-fibrous | Olu lolona layer luqinileyo, olungaphandle kwe-pericardium. Lwenziwe zizicwili ezidityanisiweyo. Olu layer luthintela intliziyo ekubeni ibe nkulu kakhulu. Lunamathele kwimithambo yegazi emikhulu engaphezulu kwentliziyo nakwi-diaphragm engezantsi. |
| I-serous pericardium | Le yilaphu engaphakathi. Kodwa eneneni yenziwe ngezinye iilaphu ezimbini . Le laphu ivelisa ulwelo oluthambisa intliziyo xa ibetha, olubizwa ngokuba yi-pericardial fluid. |
| Iingqimba ezimbini ze-serous pericardium | |
| Umaleko weParietal | Olu lolona luhlu lungaphandle lwe-pericardium. Lunamathele ngokuqinileyo kwi-pericardium ene-fibrous engaphezulu kwayo. |
| Umaleko we-visceral | Olu lolona ngqimba lungaphakathi lwe-pericardium. Lunamathele ngokuqinileyo entliziyweni nakwiingcambu zemithambo yegazi emikhulu. Sikwabiza oku ngokuba yi-epicardium . |
Isithuba esincinci esingenanto phakathi kweengqimba ezimbini ze-pericardium (ecaleni kunye ne-intercostal) yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-pericardial cavity . Into yokuthambisa ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili, oko kukuthi, i-pericardial fluid, ingaphakathi kweli cavity.
Ziziphi izifo ezichaphazela intliziyo?
Njengentliziyo, le valve yentliziyo inokuchaphazeleka ziimeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo. Nazi ezinye zazo:
| Imeko yezonyango | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| I-Pericarditis | Ukudumba okanye usulelo lwe-pericardium. Oku kungenzeka ngequbuliso (ngokukhawulezileyo) okanye kwixesha elide (elingapheliyo). |
| I-Constrictive pericarditis | Imeko apho i-pericardium iba nkulu kwaye iqine, nto leyo ethintela intliziyo ekumpompeni kakuhle. |
| Ukuphuma kwegazi kwintliziyo | Ubungakanani bolwelo ngaphakathi kwingxowa ye-pericardial buphezulu kakhulu kunobuqhelekileyo. |
| I-tamponade yentliziyo | Le yimeko eyingozi kakhulu . Ingxowa ye-pericardial igcwala lulwelo, nto leyo ebeka uxinzelelo entliziyweni ngaphandle. Oku kuthintela intliziyo ekuzaleni igazi ngokufanelekileyo. |
| Ii-cysts ze-Pericardial | Izinto ezifana neethumba ezenzeka kwi-pericardium. Ezi ngamanye amaxesha azinakubangeli ngxaki, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zinokukhula zibeke uxinzelelo entliziyweni okanye emiphungeni. |
Kuthekani ukuba i-pericardium yonakele?
Ngokwesiqhelo, i-pericardium iyaguquguquka kwaye iyanwebeka, ngoko ke inokwanda njengoko intliziyo izaliswe ligazi kwaye iyancipha njengoko ipompa igazi.
Kodwa xa isifo sichaphazela intliziyo, siyalahlekelwa bububhetyebhetye. Emva koko intliziyo ayikwazi ukupompa kakuhle njengoko kufanele. Ngenxa yoko, intliziyo ayikwazi ukupompa inani legazi elifunekayo emzimbeni. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinobungozi ezifana nokusilela kwentliziyo kunye noxinzelelo lwentliziyo .
Zithini iimpawu zengxaki yevalvu yentliziyo?
Nangona iimpawu zahlukile ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko engundoqo, nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo:
- Intlungu yesifuba: Le inokuba yintlungu ebukhali nehlabayo. Ingasasazeka ingalweni, emqolo, okanye entanyeni. Inokuba mandundu xa ukhohlela, uginya, uphefumla nzulu, okanye ugobile.
- Ukuba nesiyezi okanye ukuba nentloko ebuthathaka.
- Ukukhohlela okomileyo.
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza (i-tachycardia) okanye ukuziva intliziyo ibetha ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
- Ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu (Ukudinwa).
- Ifiva.
- Intlungu yomqolo, intamo, okanye igxalaba.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla).
- Ukudumba esiswini okanye emilenzeni (ukudumba).
- Ubunzima bokuginya (dysphagia).
Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuchonga iingxaki ezinjalo?
Xa undwendwela ugqirha wakho eneempawu ezifana nezi, banokwenza olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi vavanyo ukuze bafumanise ngokuchanekileyo imeko:
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga ukuba kukho usulelo, izifo zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, kunye nokudumba.
- I-X-ray yesifuba
- I-CT scan yentliziyo (i-CT scan)
- I-Echocardiogram (I-Echocardiogram - i-echo): I-ultrasound scan yentliziyo.
- I-Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)
- Ukufakwa kwe-catheter yentliziyo ngasekhohlo nasekunene
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zesifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo?
Unyango luxhomekeke kwimeko yakho kunye nobunzima bayo. Ugqirha wakho uza kuxoxa ngeyona ndlela ilungileyo yonyango kuwe. Ezinye zezona ndlela zonyango zixhaphakileyo ziquka:
- Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane okanye amayeza okubola: Ukuba unobangela wesifo sentliziyo yintsholongwane okanye yifungus.
- Amayeza e-rheumatologic: Ukuba unobangela wesifo sisifo esifana ne-lupus okanye i-rheumatoid arthritis.
- Amayeza okulwa nokuvuvukala: Yehlisa ukudumba kunye nentlungu.
- I-Diuretics: Amayeza anikwa ukususa ulwelo olugqithisileyo emzimbeni.
- I-Pericardiocentesis: Ukususwa kolwelo olugqithisileyo oluqokelelene kwi-pericardial sac kusetyenziswa inaliti.
- Ukususwa kwenxalenye okanye yonke ipericardium ngotyando .
- Utyando lwesifuba oluncediswa yividiyo (VATS): Utyando olwenziwa ngenxeba elincinci ukuze kususwe ulwelo olugqithisileyo.
Ndingayigcina njani intliziyo yam iphilile?
Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuphila ubomi obusempilweni. Iimeko ezifana nesifo sentliziyo nazo zinokubangela iingxaki zevalvu yentliziyo. Ngoko ke, ukunciphisa loo mngcipheko kunokunceda ukugcina ivalvu yentliziyo yakho isempilweni.
Ezi zinto zibalulekile kwindlela yokuphila enempilo yentliziyo:
- Yitya ukutya okunempilo okunentliziyo.
- Zilolonge rhoqo njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele.
- Lawula iimeko zonyango ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu, kunye nesifo seswekile.
- Sebenzisa amayeza owanikiweyo kanye njengoko uyalelwe.
- Yenza uhlolo lwezonyango lonyaka.
Kwakhona, ukuba unezinye izifo, ezinje ngomhlaza, i-lupus, okanye i-HIV, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela ezinokuthi ziyichaphazele ngayo intliziyo yakho. Olunye utyando lwentliziyo okanye unyango lwe-radiation lunokubangela iingxaki zentliziyo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukubuza ugqirha wakho ngaloo nto.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-pericardium sisingxobo esibalulekileyo esijikeleze intliziyo yakho, siyikhusele, kwaye siyincede isebenze kakuhle.
- Intlungu ebukhali esifubeni eba mandundu xa ugoba, uphefumla, okanye ukhohlela inokuba luphawu oluphambili lwesi sifo sinxulumene naso.
- Ezinye iimeko ezichaphazela intliziyo, ezifana ne-cardiac tamponade, zinokuba yingozi kakhulu. Ngoko ke musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu.
- Ukugcina impilo yentliziyo yakho iyonke yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokugcina intliziyo yakho isempilweni.
- Ukuba unale mpawu, qiniseka ukuba ubonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza kwaye ufumane ingcebiso.
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