Ngaba uziva iintlungu okanye ukuba ndindisholo emilenzeni yakho, ingakumbi xa uhamba umgama omfutshane okanye unyuka izinyuko? Ayipheli na emva kokuhlala ixesha elithile? Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba le yinto eqhelekileyo yokwaluphala okanye intlungu yamalungu, kodwa inokuba luphawu lwento enzulu ngakumbi. Namhlanje sithetha ngemeko ebizwa ngokuba yiPeripheral Artery Disease, okanye iPAD, ebangela ezi mpawu. Le yimeko enokulawulwa lula ukuba ifunyanwe kwangethuba.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iPeripheral Artery Disease (PAD)?
Kulungile, masiyibeke ngolu hlobo. Sinenethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi ( imithambo yegazi ) ethwala igazi kuwo onke amalungu omzimba wethu, akunjalo? Kufana nenkqubo yemibhobho ethwala amanzi kuyo yonke indlu. Isifo seMithambo Engashukumiyo (i-PAD) sithetha xa loo mithambo yegazi, ingakumbi leyo ithwala igazi emilenzeni, ezinqeni, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ezingalweni, incipha kancinci kancinci.
Khawuthelekelele ukuba ngokuhamba kwexesha, imibhobho yamanzi ekhayeni lakho iba nomhlwa kwaye ivalwe luthuli, nto leyo enciphisa ukuhamba kwamanzi avela kwimpompo. Ngokufanayo, izinto ezinje ngamafutha kunye ne -cholesterol ziqokelelana kwimithambo yegazi yethu kwaye zenze 'iplaque'. Kwizonyango, sibiza oku ngokuthi (atherosclerosis) . Le plaque inciphisa indawo ngaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi. Oku ke kuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi kuyo. Loo ntlungu iqala xa izihlunu emilenzeni zingafumani ioksijini kunye nezondlo ezizidingayo egazini.
Esi sifo sichaphazela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-200 kwihlabathi liphela. Umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo uyanda njengoko abantu bekhula. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi oku.
Zithini iimpawu ze-PAD?
Abantu abaninzi ababonisi zimpawu ekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko isifo siqhubeka, ezi mpawu zinokuvela. Makhe sijonge iimpawu eziphambili.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Intlungu yomlenze xa usenza umthambo | Olu lolona phawu luqhelekileyo. Usenokuba neentlungu, ukuqina, ukudinwa, okanye ukuba ndindisholo kwindawo yakho yethole, ithanga, okanye iimpundu xa uhamba okanye unyuka izinyuko. Okumangalisayo kukuba, le ntlungu idla ngokuphela kwimizuzu eli-10 emva kokuphumla. |
| Intlungu eyenzeka nangona uphumle | Njengoko isifo siqhubeka, unokufumana iintlungu ezitshisayo emilenzeni, ezinyaweni, okanye ezinzwaneni xa ulele phantsi, ingakumbi ebusuku. Intlungu isenokuphela xa ubeka umlenze wakho phantsi. Olu luphawu olubi kakhulu. |
| Amanxeba angapholiyo (izilonda) ezinyaweni nasezinzwaneni | Ngenxa yokuba imilenze ayinakuhamba kakuhle kwegazi, nokuba imikrwelo emincinci ithatha ixesha elide ukuphola. Ngamanye amaxesha le mikrwelo inokuba ngamanxeba amakhulu kwaye isuleleke. |
| Utshintsho kumbala wolusu kunye nobushushu | Ukuba umthambo wegazi uvaleke ngokupheleleyo ngequbuliso, ulusu lomlenze lunokuba mfusa, luhlaza, lube mnyama, okanye lutshintshe lube mdaka ngequbuliso . Umlenze usenokuvakala ubanda kunomnye umlenze. Usenokuziva ngathi kukho “izikhonkwane neenaliti” . Le yimeko efuna unyango olungxamisekileyo. |
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba indawo ekuyo intlungu inokukunika umbono ocacileyo wendawo apho umthambo wegazi uvalekile khona. Umzekelo, ukuba uva iintlungu ezinqeni zakho, ezinqeni, okanye emathangeni, ukuvaleka kunokwenzeka kakhulu kwimithambo yegazi emikhulu esiswini sakho esisezantsi okanye esinqeni. Ukuba iintlungu zikwindawo yakho yokuphefumla kuphela, ukuvaleka kusenokwenzeka ukuba kusemithanjeni yegazi kufutshane namadolo akho .
Kumadoda, esi sifo sinokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwegazi kwilungu lobudoda , nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni i-erectile dysfunction .
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana i-PAD?
Nangona nabani na enokuba nesi sifo, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Jonga ukuba unayo na enye yezi zinto ziyingozi .
- Kwabo batshayayo : Le yeyona nto iphambili neyona inobungozi obukhuluUkutshaya konakalisa udonga oluthambileyo lwangaphakathi lwemithambo yegazi kwaye kukhawulezisa ukwakheka kwamahlwili.
- Kubantu abanesifo seswekile : Amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini anokonakalisa imithambo yegazi. Umntu onesifo seswekile kunye nokutshaya unamathuba amabini ukuya kwamane okuba ne-PAD kunalowo ungenayo nayiphi na imeko.
- Kwabo bane-high blood pressure: Njengoko uxinzelelo lusanda, iindonga zemithambo yegazi ziyawohloka kwaye kuba lula ukuba kubekho amahlwili.
- Kwabo banezinga eliphezulu le-cholesterol okanye i-triglyceride: Okukhona amafutha amaninzi egazini, kokukhona amathuba okuba afakwe kwimithambo yegazi njenge-plaque aphezulu.
- Kwabo banesifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo.
- Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho oye waba ne-PAD, isifo sentliziyo, okanye isifo sohlangothi.
Zithini iziphumo ezinobungozi ezinokubakho ukuba azinyangwa?
Ukuba awuyinaki le nto, ucinga ukuba yingxaki yomlenze nje, inokuba nemiphumo emibi kakhulu.
Enye kuxa ukuhanjiswa kwegazi emlenzeni kuyeka ngokupheleleyo kwaye izicubu ziqale ukufa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-gangrene . Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, ukunqunyulwa komnwe, uzwane, okanye inxalenye yomlenze kunokufuneka ukuze kuthintelwe ukusasazeka kosulelo emzimbeni wonke. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, oogqirha benza konke okusemandleni abo ukuthintela oku kungenzeki.
Kukho into ebaluleke nangakumbi. Khawucinge nje, ukuba imithambo yegazi emilenzeni yakho ivaliwe, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuba imithambo ethwala igazi entliziyweni nasengqondweni yakho ivaliwe ngendlela efanayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu one-PAD usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi . Ke ngoko, ukunyanga i-PAD akuthethi nje ukusindisa imilenze yakho, kodwa nokusindisa ubomi bakho.
Ugqirha ufumanisa njani esi sifo kanye kanye?
Xa usiya kugqirha wakho, uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho. Emva koko uza kuhlola imilenze yakho. Ngokukodwa, uza kuva ii-pulses kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zemilenze yakho ukujonga naluphi na utshintsho ekuhambeni kwegazi.
Emva koko, kunokwenziwa iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa isifo:
- I-Ankle-brachial index (ABI): Olu luvavanyo olulula kakhulu, olungenazintlungu. Lulinganisa uxinzelelo olungalweni yakho kunye noxinzelelo olungalweni lwakho kwaye luthelekise ezi zinto zimbini. Ngokwesiqhelo, uxinzelelo olungalweni lwakho kufuneka lube phezulu kancinci kunoxinzelelo olungalweni yakho. Ukuba luphantsi, kuthetha ukuba kukho ingxaki ngokuhamba kwegazi emlenzeni wakho.
- I-ultrasound yemithambo yegazi:Oku kufana nokuskena komntwana. Kungabona isantya sokuhamba kwegazi ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi kunye naluphi na uvalo.
- Ukurekhoda umthamo wepulse (PVR): Oku kulinganisa ukuba lingakanani igazi elihamba liye emilenzeni.
- I-CT angiogram / MRA (Magnetic resonance angiogram – MRA): Ezi zinokuthatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zemithambo yegazi kwaye zibonise indawo echanekileyo kunye nobungakanani bokuvaleka.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-PAD?
Unyango luxhomekeke kubukhali beempawu zakho. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, zinokulawulwa kakuhle ngokutshintsha indlela ophila ngayo kunye namayeza.
1. Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila
Le sisiseko sonyango.
- Ukuzilolonga: Ukuzilolonga, ingakumbi ukulolonga okujongiweyo (Structured Exercise Therapy), kusebenza kakhulu. Apha, wenziwa ukuba uhambe nge-treadmill. Xa imilenze yakho iqala ukubuhlungu, uyema okwethutyana, kwaye xa intlungu iphela, uphinde uhambe. Oku kukhuthaza ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi emitsha emilenzeni yakho.
- Ukutya okunempilo kwintliziyo: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukutya ukutya okunemifuno emininzi, iziqhamo, amandongomane, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo, kunye neoyile netyuwa encinci.
- Ukuyeka Ukutshaya: Ndiyaphinda, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuyeka ukutshaya namhlanje ukuba uyayeka. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze akuncede ngale nto.
2. Amayeza (iintlobo zamayeza)
Ugqirha wakho angakunika olu hlobo lwamayeza.
- Izithibi zegazi: Zinciphisa ukujiya kwegazi kwaye zenze kube lula ukuhamba kwegazi. (Umzekelo: iClopidogrel, iAspirin)
- Amayeza okwehlisa i-cholesterol (Statins): Anciphisa ukwakheka kwe-plaque kwimithambo yegazi.
- Amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi: Anciphisa umonakalo kwimithambo yegazi.
- IiVasodilators: La mayeza anceda ukwandisa imithambo yegazi kancinci, okwandisa umgama onokuhamba ngawo ngaphandle kwentlungu. (Umzekelo: iCilostazol)
3. Ukhathalelo olukhethekileyo lweenyawo
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umntu one-PAD anyamekele iinyawo zakhe.
- Hlola iinyawo zakho imihla ngemihla ukuba azinawo amanxeba, ziqhekekile, kwaye azinawo umbala.
- Hlamba izandla zakho ngesepha yonke imihla uze uzomise kakuhle, nokuba phakathi kweenyawo zakho.
- Ungaze uhambe ngeenyawo.
- Sebenzisa izihlangu kunye neekawusi ezikhululekileyo, ezilingana kakuhle nezithambileyo.
4. Iinkqubo kunye notyando
Ukuba isifo asinakulawulwa ngamayeza kunye notshintsho kwindlela esiphila ngayo, okanye ukuba isifo sibi kakhulu, kunokufuneka usebenzise olu hlobo lonyango.
- I-Angioplasty: Ityhubhu encinci (i-catheter) ifakwa kumthambo wegazi ovalekileyo kwaye isixhobo esifana nebhaluni siyavuthelwa ekugqibeleni ukuze kwandiswe ukuvaleka. Ngamanye amaxesha kufakwa isixhobo esincinci esifana ne-mesh esibizwa ngokuba yi- stent ukuze singavaleki kwakhona.
- Utyando lwe-atherectomy: Kusetyenziswa i-catheter ukukrwela i-plaque ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi.
- Utyando lokudlula umthambo ojikelezayo: Njengotyando lokudlula intliziyo, umthambo omtsha wenziwa ngokusebenzisa umthambo wegazi othathwe kwenye indawo yomzimba okanye umthambo wokwenziwa ukuze udlule umthambo ovalekileyo.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha? Ndifanele ndiye nini kwi-ETU?
Ukuba uziva ezi zinto, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho.
- Ukuba iimpawu zisandula ukuqala okanye ukuba iimpawu ezikhoyo ziya zisiba mandundu.
- Ukuba ukuhamba kunzima kangangokuba awukwazi nokwenza imisebenzi eqhelekileyo.
- Ukuba imilenze yakho ibuhlungu nokuba umile nje.
- Ukuba unenxeba emlenzeni wakho elingapholiyo.
Iimeko apho kufuneka uye esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza:
Ukuba umlenze wakho uvele ungabi nanto ngequbuliso, awukwazi ukuhamba, okanye wahlukile ngombala (umbala okanye omfusa) kwaye ubanda kunomnye umlenze, oko kuthetha ukuba ukuhamba kwegazi kuye kwaphela ngequbuliso. Le yimeko engxamisekileyo. Kufuneka uye kwi-ETU (iYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo) ngoko nangoko.
I-PAD yimeko ehlala ixesha elide. Kodwa ukuba ilawulwa kakuhle, ungaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukuhlala unxibelelana nogqirha wakho rhoqo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Musa ukuyityeshela intlungu yemilenze xa uhamba kuba kuyinto eqhelekileyo. Isenokuba luphawu lweSifo seMithambo Ehambayo (i-PAD).
- I-PAD ayisosifo semilenze nje kuphela, kodwa luphawu olubalulekileyo lokuba usengozini yokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nestroke.
- Ukutshaya kunye nesifo seswekile zezona zinto zimbini ziphambili ezibangela esi sifo. Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka namhlanje.
- Esi sifo singalawulwa kakuhle ngokwenza utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo (ukuzilolonga, ukutya okunempilo) kunye nokusebenzisa amayeza achazwe ngugqirha wakho.
- Zinyamekele ngokukodwa iinyawo zakho. Zihlole yonke imihla, zigcine zicocekile, kwaye unxibe izihlangu ezifanelekileyo.
- Musa ukuyityeshela le mpawu. Bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuze ufumane icebiso. Oku kungasindisa umlenze wakho nobomi bakho.
Isifo semithambo yegazi ejikeleze umzimba, i-PAD, iintlungu zomlenze, ukulahleka kweenwele, ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi, i-atherosclerosis, ukutshaya, isifo seswekile
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