Awunguye na lo ucinga ukuba unguye? Masithethe ngeengxaki zobuntu bakho

Sonke sinobuntu, oko kukuthi, iimpawu zethu ezizodwa, iindlela zethu zokucinga, kunye neendlela zokuziphatha. Ezi zezona zisenza sahluke kwabanye, nto leyo esenza sibe ngabantu esiba ngabo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ezinye iindlela ezinzulu, ezinde zobuntu bomntu zinokwenza ubomi bube nzima kakhulu kuye nakwabo bamngqongileyo. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yingxaki yobuntu . Esi sisifo sengqondo.

Yintoni i-Personality Disorder?

Ngamafutshane, ingxaki yobuntu yiseti yeepateni ezihlala ixesha elide nezinengxaki kwindlela umntu acinga ngayo, aveza ngayo iimvakalelo zakhe, aziphatha ngayo, kwaye anxulumana nabanye abantu eziphazamisa ubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ezi pateni zinokubangela uxinzelelo olukhulu kumntu, okanye zenze kube nzima kuye ukusebenza kakuhle emsebenzini wakhe, kusapho lwakhe, okanye kubudlelwane bakhe noluntu.

Cinga ngale ndlela, kukho abantu abasoloko bebakrokrela abanye, abavakalelwa kukuba wonke umntu uzama ukubenzakalisa. Kukho abanye abangafuni ukubandakanyeka nabanye nangayiphi na indlela, kwaye bakhetha ukuba bodwa entlungwini yabo. Ezi zinto ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba ziimpawu zobuntu eziqhelekileyo, kodwa ukuba zinzima kakhulu, zihlala ixesha elide, kwaye zichaphazela zonke iinkalo zobomi babo , kunokuba luphawu lokuphazamiseka kobuntu.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba abantu abaninzi abanale ngxaki abaqondi ukuba kukho ingxaki kwindlela abaziphatha ngayo okanye indlela abacinga ngayo . Bacinga ukuba abanye abantu banetyala, okanye ukuba yingxaki yehlabathi.

Ziziphi ezi ntlobo zeengxaki zobuntu?

Incwadi ethi Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), eyincwadi yesikhokelo esetyenziswa ziingcali zengqondo kunye neengcali zengqondo, ichonga iintlobo ezilishumi zeengxaki zobuntu. Ezi zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili, ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeengxaki kudidi ngalunye.

Iqela A: Iipatheni zengcinga okanye zokuziphatha ezingaqhelekanga nezingaqhelekanga

Abantu abakolu didi banokuba neendlela zokucinga kunye nokuziphatha okungaqhelekanga kwaye kunzima ukuba abanye bakuqonde.

• Ingxaki yoBuntu obuPhazamileyo: Eyona nto iphambili koku yi -paranoia , nto leyo ethetha ukurhanela nokungabathembi abanye ngaphandle kwesizathu esivakalayo. Bahlala becinga izinto ezinje, "Abanye bazama ukundenzakalisa, ukundibeka phantsi, nokundisongela." Khawuthelekelele, kukho umntu eofisini yakho, ohlala ecinga ukuba abanye bayamhleba kwaye bazama ukuphazamisa umsebenzi wakhe. Kodwa eneneni, akunjalo.

• Ingxaki yoBuntu beSchizoid: Aba bantu abanamdla wokunxibelelana nabanye abantu kwaye bakhetha ukuhlala kude nabo.Badla ngokuthanda ukuba bodwa, bebodwa. Abafane babonise iimvakalelo zabo xa bethetha nabanye. Basenokubonakala ngathi ziirobhothi ezingenazo iimvakalelo.

• Ingxaki yoBuntu beSchizotypal: Aba bantu banengxaki yokugcina ubudlelwane obusondeleyo, kwaye basenokungabi namnqweno wokwenza njalo. Nangona kunjalo, basenokuba neembono ezigqwethekileyo ngehlabathi, iinkolelo, kunye nokuziphatha okungaqhelekanga . Basenokukholelwa ukuba banamandla akhethekileyo okanye banokufunda iingqondo zabanye abantu.

Iqela B: Iipateni zokuziphatha ezingaqhelekanga, eziguquguqukayo, nezingazinzanga

Abantu abakolu didi badla ngokuba ngabantu abanomdla kakhulu, abatshintshatshintshayo, kwaye baneendlela zokuziphatha ezingaguquguqukiyo . Iimvakalelo zabo zihlala zitshintsha ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye.

• Ingxaki Yobuntu Engavisisaniyo Nentlalo-ntle (ASPD): Aba bantu abanantlonelo kwabanye kwaye abanandaba nemithetho eyamkelekileyo eluntwini. Basenokuhendeka ukuba baphule imithetho baze babenzakalise abanye ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwengqondo . Abafuni ukuthwala uxanduva lweempazamo zabo, kwaye abanandaba nomonakalo obangelwa zizenzo zabo kwabanye. Kwasebuntwaneni, banokubonisa iimpawu zokuxhaphaza abanye abantwana, ukuxhaphaza izilwanyana, ukuxoka, nokuba.

• Ingxaki yoBuntu obuneMida (BPD): Eyona ngxaki iphambili koku kubunzima bokulawula iimvakalelo . Ngenxa yoko, banokuzithemba okuphantsi, batshintshatshintsha iimvakalelo, benze izinto ngokungxama, kwaye banengxaki yokugcina ubudlelwane. Basenokumthanda kakhulu umntu ngomzuzu omnye, baze bamlahle kakhulu ngomzuzu olandelayo.

• Ingxaki yoBuntu beHistrionic: Aba bantu baneemvakalelo ezinzulu nezingazinzanga kunye nomfanekiso ogqwethekileyo wokuzibona . Ukuzithemba kwabo kusekelwe ekwamkelweni ngabanye. Abaziva benexabiso lokwenene. Banomnqweno omkhulu wokutsala ingqalelo kwabanye . Banokuziphatha ngendlela ephawulekayo, ngamanye amaxesha engafanelekanga, ukuze bafezekise oku.

• Ingxaki Yobuntu Ebuthanda Ukuzithanda: Aba bantu banoluvo lokuba bangcono kwaye bangcono kunabanye. Bafuna ukunconywa nokunconywa ngabanye ngokugqithisileyo . Abanalo novelwano ngeemvakalelo zabanye. Nangona kunjalo, emva kwale ndlela yokuziphatha kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukuzijongela phantsi kwabo kunye nokungazithembi.

Iqela C: Uxinzelelo olukhulu kunye neendlela zokuziphatha ezoyikisayo

Abantu abakweli candelo badla ngokuba nexhala kunye noloyiko olukhulu .

• Ukuphazamiseka koBuntu okuKhuselwayo:Aba bantu banemvakalelo yokungafaneleki engapheliyo. Banoloyiko olukhulu lokugxekwa okanye ukwaliwa ngabanye abantu. Nangona befuna ukunxibelelana nabanye abantu, bayakuphepha ukunxibelelana nabantu ngenxa yoloyiko olukhulu lokungamkeleki .

• Ingxaki yokuxhomekeka kubuntu: Oku kubonakaliswa kukufuna rhoqo nokugqithisa ukukhuselwa kwabanye. Bakwabonisa ukuzithoba, imfuno engapheliyo yenkxaso, kunye nokungakwazi ukwenza izigqibo. Badla ngokuba kufutshane kakhulu nabanye kwaye bazama nzima ukubakholisa. Banomkhwa wokunamathela kwabanye kwaye boyika ukwahlukana.

• Ingxaki yoBuntu obuQhelekileyo (OCPD): Oku kubonakaliswa yimfuno enzulu negqithisileyo yokuba yonke into ihambe ngocwangco, igqibelele, kwaye ilawulwe . Akukho kuguquguquka konke konke. Oku kunokukhokelela ekulibazisekeni ekugqibeni imisebenzi okanye ukuphazamiseka. Oku kunokuchaphazela nobudlelwane.

Kubalulekile: Oku kwahlukile kwisifo sokuxhalaba esibizwa ngokuba yi-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) . Abantu abane-OCD badla ngokwazi ukuba indlela abaziphatha ngayo ibangelwa yi-OCD kwaye kufuneka bayitshintshe. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abane-OCPD abanalo ulwazi olunjalo ngokuziphatha kwabo.

Ngamanye amaxesha umntu unokuba neempawu ezininzi ezidityanisiweyo zokuphazamiseka kobuntu.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu zezi meko?

Enyanisweni, nabani na unokuba nesifo sobuntu. Nangona kunjalo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo sobuntu zichaphazela abantu abahlukeneyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Uninzi lweengxaki zobuntu ziqala kwiminyaka yobutsha , xa ubuntu bakho busakhula kwaye bukhula. Ngenxa yoko, uninzi lwabantu abafunyaniswa benesifo sobuntu bangaphezulu kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala. Kukho into enye eyahlukileyo koku, yi-Antisocial Personality Disorder. Malunga nama-80% abantu abanale ngxaki baqala ukubonisa iimpawu xa beneminyaka eli-11 ubudala.

Ingxaki yobuntu obuchasene nabantu idla ngokuchaphazela amadoda. Iingxaki zobuntu ezibangelwa yi-borderline, histrionic, kunye nokuxhomekeka zifunyenwe zichaphazela abafazi ngakumbi.

Zixhaphake kangakanani iingxaki zobuntu?

Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga ne-9% yabantu abadala baseMelika baneengxaki zobuntu, kwaye malunga ne-6% yabemi behlabathi baneengxaki zobuntu.

Okwangoku, i-borderline personality disorder (BPD) kunye ne-antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) zezona ngxaki zobuntu zixhaphakileyo .

Kutheni le nto ezi ngxaki zobuntu zisenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Iingxaki zobuntu zizinto ezingaqondwa kakuhle kwicandelo lezempilo yengqondo. Izazinzulu zisazama ukufumanisa ukuba zibangelwa yintoni.

Okwangoku bakholelwa ukuba ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokubangela uphuhliso lweengxaki zobuntu:

• I-Genetics: Izazinzulu zichonge i-gene ekucingelwa ukuba ibandakanyeka kwi-obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). Zikwaphanda nokuba kukho na unxibelelwano lwe-genetic kwiimpawu ezinokunxulunyaniswa neengxaki zobuntu, ezifana nobundlobongela, ixhala, kunye noloyiko.

• Utshintsho lobuchopho: Abaphandi bafumanise utshintsho oluncinci kwiingqondo zabantu abaneengxaki zobuntu. Umzekelo, izifundo ze-paranoid personality disorder zibonise utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwenxalenye yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuba yi-amygdala . I-amygdala yinxalenye yobuchopho eqhuba izinto ezoyikisayo nezisongelayo. Abaphandi bafumanise ukwehla komthamo we-frontal lobe kubantu abane-schizotypal personality disorder.

• Ukonzakala kobuntwana: Olunye uphando lufumanise unxibelelwano phakathi kweziganeko ezibuhlungu ebuntwaneni kunye nokukhula kweengxaki zobuntu. Umzekelo, abantu abanengxaki yobuntu obungaphelelanga banezinga eliphezulu lokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo ebuntwaneni. Abantu abanengxaki yobuntu obungaphelelanga kunye nobokungakhathaliyo banengxaki yokugcina ubudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye nokuthemba abanye. Oku kunokunxulunyaniswa nokuxhatshazwa kunye nokonzakala ebuntwaneni.

• Ukuxhatshazwa ngamazwi: Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba abantu ababexhatshazwa ngamazwi besengabantwana babenamathuba aphindwe kathathu okuba neengxaki zobuntu ezibangelwa kukungazithembi, ukuzingca, ukungathandi abantu, okanye ukungabi namdla xa sele bekhulile. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuva rhoqo izinto ezinje ngokuthi "awulunganga" kunye "awunakwenza nto" kunokuba nefuthe elibi kakhulu.

• Izinto zenkcubeko: Izinto zenkcubeko nazo zinokudlala indima, njengoko kungqinwa kukwahluka kwamazinga okuphazamiseka kobuntu phakathi kwamazwe ahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, amazwe afana neTaiwan, iTshayina, neJapan anamazinga aphantsi kakhulu okuphazamiseka kobuntu okuchasene noluntu. Akwanamazinga aphezulu kakhulu okuphazamiseka kobuntu beqela C (ukuxhalaba kunye nokoyika).

Zithini iimpawu zesifo sobuntu?

Kukho iintlobo ezilishumi zeengxaki zobuntu, nganye ineempawu zayo ezizodwa. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubanzi, abantu abaneengxaki zobuntu banokufumana iingxaki ezifana nezi:

• Ubuwena kunye nokuziva ngathi: Abantu abaneengxaki zobuntu badla ngokungabi namfanekiso ucacileyo okanye ohambelanayo ngabo. Indlela abazibona ngayo iyatshintsha rhoqo ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko okanye kubantu abakunye nabo. Ukuzithemba kwabo kunokuba phezulu okanye kube phantsi ngendlela engenakwenzeka. Cinga ngako, kukho abanye abantu abathi, ngenye imini, bacinge ukuba bangoyena mntu ulungileyo ehlabathini, baze ngengomso, bacinge ukuba akukho mntu umbi kunabo.

• Ubudlelwane:Abantu abaneengxaki zobuntu banengxaki yokwakha ubudlelwane obusondeleyo nobuzinzileyo nabanye abantu ngenxa yeenkolelo zabo ezinengxaki kunye nokuziphatha kwabo. Basenokungabi naluvelwano nentlonelo kwabanye, bangabi namdla kwiimvakalelo, okanye balindele ingqalelo egqithisileyo kunye nenkathalo evela kwabanye.

Olunye uphawu lweengxaki zobuntu kukuba abantu abaninzi abanale meko abanalo ulwazi okanye abaziqondi kakuhle ukuba iingcinga zabo kunye neendlela abaziphatha ngayo zinzima kangakanani.

Ungazi njani ukuba umntu unengxaki yobuntu?

Akunakwenzeka ukwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba umntu unengxaki yobuntu bakhe de afumane uxilongo lobuchwephesha .

Kubalulekile ukuqonda oku: iintlobo zobuntu kunye neengxaki zobuntu zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo . Ukuba nje umntu uthi uneentloni kwaye uthanda ukuba yedwa akuthethi ukuba unesifo sobuntu esingaphephekiyo okanye isifo sobuntu esibangelwa yi-schizoid.

Umahluko phakathi kwendlela yobuntu kunye nengxaki yobuntu unokufunyanwa ngokuvavanya indlela ubuntu bomntu obuchaphazela ngayo iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobomi bakhe. Ezi nkalo zezi:

• Umsebenzi
• Ubudlelwane
• Iimvakalelo
• Ukuzazi
• Ukuqonda inyani
• Ukuziphatha kunye nolawulo lokushukuma

Ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo zomntu onengxaki yobuntu ziquka:

• Ukuziphatha kwabo akuhambisani, kwaye kunokuba ngamava adidayo nadidayo kubantu ababathandayo nakwabanye abasebenzisana nabo.
• Basenokungaziqondi iindlela ezichanekileyo nezamkelekileyo zokuphatha abanye nokuziphatha xa bekunye nabo.
• Basenokungazi ukuba indlela abaziphatha ngayo ibangela iingxaki kubo nakwabanye abantu.
• Ukuba bangabazali, indlela yabo yokukhulisa abantwana isenokuba yeyokude, enokuthanani neemvakalelo kakhulu, eyokuxhaphaza, okanye eyokungakhathali. Oku ngamanye amaxesha kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zomzimba, zengqondo, okanye zeemvakalelo ebantwaneni babo.

Zifunyaniswa njani ezi zifo?

Iingxaki zobuntu zinzima kancinci ukuzichonga kuba abantu abaninzi abanengxaki yobuntu abacingi ukuba kukho into engalunganga ngendlela abaziphatha ngayo okanye indlela abacinga ngayo.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abantu abaneengxaki zobuntu abadli ngokufuna uncedo ngemeko yabo okanye bafumane ukuxilongwa. Endaweni yoko, bathunyelwa kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo ngabantu ababathandayo okanye kwi-arhente yeenkonzo zentlalo kuba indlela abaziphethe ngayo iyabaphazamisa abanye.

Nokuba bayafuna uncedo, kungenxa yeemeko ezifana nokuxhalaba, ukudakumba, okanye ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi, okanye ngenxa yeengxaki ezivela kwingxaki yobuntu babo, njengokuqhawula umtshato okanye ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi, kungekhona ngenxa yengxaki ngokwayo.

Ababoneleli beenkonzo zonyango baxilonga isifo esithile sobuntu ngokweekhrayitheriya ezikwi-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) ye-American Psychiatric Association.

Xa ingcali yezengqondo okanye yezengqondo ikrokrela ukuba umntu unengxaki yobuntu, badla ngokubuza imibuzo ebanzi neqhelekileyo ukuze bafumane inyani ngaphandle kokumbeka umntu endleleni yokuzikhusela okanye ukudala imeko-bume enobutshaba. Imibuzo abayibuzayo inokukhanyisa oku kulandelayo:

• Imbali edlulileyo
• Ubudlelwane
• Imbali yengqesho yangaphambili
• Uvavanyo lokwenyani
• Ulawulo loxinzelelo

Ngenxa yokuba umntu orhanelwa ukuba unesifo sobuntu usenokungazi ngendlela aziphethe ngayo, iingcali zempilo yengqondo zihlala zisebenza nosapho lomntu, abahlobo, kunye/okanye amagosa e-parole ukuze ziqokelele ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokuziphatha kwakhe kunye nembali yakhe.

Iingxaki zobuntu zihlala zingachongwa kakuhle kuba oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha bagxila kwiimpawu ezifana nokuxhalaba okanye ukudakumba, ezixhaphake kakhulu kuluntu ngokubanzi kuneengxaki zobuntu. Ezi mpawu zinokufihla iimpawu zengxaki yobuntu efihlakeleyo.

Indlela yokunyanga? (Unyango)

Iingxaki zobuntu zezinye zezona ngxaki zinzima ukuzinyanga kwizifo zengqondo. Isizathu esiphambili soku kukuba abantu abaneengxaki zobuntu abacingi ukuba ukuziphatha kwabo kuyingxaki, ngoko ke abasoloko befuna unyango.

Nokuba umntu ufuna unyango lwengxaki yobuntu, amayeza anamhlanje asenazo iindlela zonyango ezinqongopheleyo. Okwangoku akukho mayeza avunyiweyo ukunyanga nayiphi na ingxaki yobuntu . Nangona kunjalo, kukho amayeza anokunceda kwiimpawu ezifana nokuxhalaba kunye nokudakumba, ezixhaphakileyo kubantu abaneengxaki zobuntu.

Nangona kunjalo, unyango lwengqondo, okanye unyango lokuthetha, lunokunceda ukulawula iingxaki zobuntu. Unyango lwengqondo ligama eliqhelekileyo leentlobo ngeentlobo zonyango olukunceda ukuchonga nokutshintsha iimvakalelo zakho ezinengxaki, iingcinga, kunye nokuziphatha. Ukusebenza nengcali yezempilo yengqondo, efana nengcali yezengqondo okanye yezengqondo, kunokubonelela wena nosapho lwakho ngenkxaso, imfundo, kunye nesikhokelo.

Iinjongo eziphambili ze-psychotherapy ekunyangeni iingxaki zobuntu zezi:

• Ukukhululeka kwangoko kuxinzelelo, njengokuxhalaba nokudakumba.
• Ukumenza umntu aqonde ukuba iingxaki zakhe zingaphakathi kwaye azibangelwa ngabanye abantu okanye iimeko.
• Ukunciphisa ukuziphatha okungafanelekanga nokungahambelani noluntu.
• Ukutshintsha kweempawu zobuntu ezibangela iingxaki.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwengqondo, kwaye ingxaki nganye yobuntu ifuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo.

Umzekelo, izifundo zibonise ukuba,Unyango Lokuziphatha Nge-Dialectical (DBT) lubonakaliswe lusebenza kakuhle ekunyangeni abantu abane-borderline personality disorder. Ngokufanayo, abantu abane-histrionic personality disorder badla ngokuxhamla kwi -Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) .

Ithini ingxelo yokubikezela ukuba le meko iza kwenzeka?

Ingqikelelo iyonke yeengxaki zobuntu ayithembisi kangako, njengoko abantu abaneengxaki zobuntu bengasoloko befuna iingcebiso zonyango ezifanelekileyo.

Iingxaki zobuntu ezinganyangwanga zingakhokelela kwizinto ezifana nezi:

• Ubudlelwane obuthathaka.
• Iingxaki ezinxulumene nomsebenzi.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentlalo.

Izifundo zibonisa ukuba iingxaki zobuntu zinxulunyaniswa namazinga aphezulu ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi.
• Uqhawulo-mtshato.
• Udlama lasekhaya.
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
• Ukungabi nakhaya.
• Ulwaphulo-mthetho (ingakumbi ukuphazamiseka kobuntu okuchasene nabantu).

Ukongeza, abantu abaneengxaki zobuntu babo banamanani aphezulu okutyelela iSebe lezeMpilo ezingxamisekileyo (ED) , banamathuba amaninzi okubandakanyeka kwiingozi ezinobungozi, kwaye banamathuba amaninzi okuzibulala kwangethuba.

Nangona imeko imbi, izifundo zibonisa ukuba ulawulo lwenkathalelo ngokubambisana lunokuphucula kakhulu iziphumo ukuba abantu abaneengxaki zobuntu bazimisele kunyango .

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntu omaziyo unesifo sobuntu okanye unokuba naso, zama ukumkhuthaza ukuba afune unyango. Kubalulekile nokuzifundisa ngohlobo lwesifo sobuntu esichaphazelekayo. Oku kuya kukunika umbono ongcono wento omawuyilindele.

Ngaba iingxaki zobuntu zingathintelwa?

Okwangoku, akukho ndlela eyaziwayo yokuthintela iingxaki zobuntu. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweengxaki ezinxulumene nazo zinokuncitshiswa ngonyango . Ukufuna uncedo ngokukhawuleza nje xa iimpawu zibonakala kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kobomi bomntu, usapho lwakhe, kunye nobuhlobo bakhe.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyithethe

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uneempawu zokuphazamiseka kobuntu ezifana nezo kuthethwe ngazo kweli nqaku, nceda ufune uncedo . Ezi ziimeko zempilo yengqondo. Akukho nto yokuba neentloni ngayo, uyoyike, okanye uyifihle. Sonke siyalufuna uncedo ngamanye amaxesha.

Khumbula, iingxaki zobuntu ziimeko zempilo yengqondo. Njengakwezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo, ukufuna uncedo ngokukhawuleza xa iimpawu zibonakala kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka ebomini bakho. Iingcali zempilo yengqondo zinokubonelela ngezicwangciso zonyango ukukunceda ulawule iingcinga zakho kunye nokuziphatha kwakho.

Amalungu osapho lwabantu abaneengxaki zobuntu badla ngokuba noxinzelelo, ukudakumba, usizi, kunye nokuba bodwa. Kubalulekile ukunyamekela impilo yakho yengqondo kunye nokufuna uncedo ukuba unale mpawu . Awuwedwa.

Iingxaki zobuntu , impilo yengqondo, iindlela zokuziphatha, ukudakumba, unyango, unyango lwengqondo, ubuntu