Njengomzali, usenokuba uqhelene nezi zinto. Umntwana wakho usenokuziva eyahlukileyo kancinci. Akasancumi okanye adlale njengakuqala, aze abe nomsindo nje. Usenokucinga, "Le yimpazamo nje." Kodwa ukuba le ndlela yokuziphatha iyaqhubeka kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini, isenokungabi lusizi okanye umsindo oqhelekileyo, kodwa kukuqala kwemeko ebizwa ngokuba kukudandatheka. Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha .
Ngamafutshane, yintoni le ngxaki yokudakumba ebantwaneni?
Ukudakumba ebantwaneni sisifo sengqondo esinokubangela ukuba umntwana azive elusizi, enomsindo, okanye engenathemba ngalo lonke ixesha.
Khawucinge nje, nabantwana bethu baziva belusizi kwaye benomsindo ngamanye amaxesha. Kuqhelekile ukuvakalelwa ngaloo ndlela xa amanqaku abo eemviwo ephantsi okanye xa benomsindo kumhlobo. Kodwa olo sizi luyaphela emva kwexesha elithile, ngosuku olunye okanye ezimbini. Babuyela kwisiqhelo.
Kodwa ukudakumba libali elahlukileyo. Umntwana oxinezelekileyo uziva elusizi, enomsindo, okanye engenathemba kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini . Oku kunokuchaphazela ukulala komntwana, ukutya, kunye nolwalamano nabahlobo kunye nosapho. Basenokungasayonwabeli imisebenzi, umsebenzi wesikolo, okanye izinto abazithandayo ababekade bezithanda. Kwiimeko ezinzima, le meko inokukhokelela nasekucingeni ngokuzibulala.
Ukuba umntwana wakho unezi mpawu kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ngazo. Nangona ukudakumba kuyingozi kakhulu, kunokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ngonyango olufanelekileyo.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo ezichaphazela abantwana?
Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zoxinzelelo ezichaphazela abantwana. Zonke zahlukile kancinci kwenye. Ukuze kube lula kuwe ukuqonda olu lwazi, masilubeke kwitheyibhile efana nale.
| Uhlobo loxinzelelo | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ingxaki Enkulu Yokudakumba | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo esilwaziyo sonke. Umntwana uziva elusizi kwaye engenathemba ngalo lonke ixesha. Uba nomsindo ngokukhawuleza. Uneengxaki zokulala (ulala kakhulu okanye angalali kwaphela), ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya, kwaye akasenamdla kwizinto awayezithanda ngaphambili. |
| Isifo Sokuphazamiseka Kwengqondo Ngaphambi Kokuya Exesheni (PMDD) | Le yimeko echaphazela amantombazana, ingakumbi emva kokufikisa. Ezi mpawu zibonakala malunga neveki ngaphambi kokuba aye exesheni. Zingabandakanya umsindo ogqithisileyo, ukukhala rhoqo, kunye nokungakwazi ukugxila. Ezi mpawu ziyanyamalala emva kokuba exesheni liqalile. |
| Isifo Sokuchaphazeleka Kwexesha Lonyaka (SAD) | Iimpawu ziyafana nezo zoxinzelelo olukhulu, kodwa zinxulumene nemozulu. Ezi mpawu zibonakala ngamaxesha obumnyama, okukhanya okuphantsi (njengeenyanga zasebusika kwilizwe lethu) kwaye ziyaphela xa ilanga liphuma. |
| Ingxaki Yokuphazamiseka Kweemvakalelo Eziphazamisayo | Abantwana abanale meko banokubonakalisa umsindo ogqithisileyo kunye nomsindo ogqithisileyo ongafanelanga iminyaka yabo. Basenokukhwaza baze balahle izinto phantsi. Nangona besenokubonakala ngathi abanantlungu, kusenokuba kukho ukudakumba okufihlakeleyo emva kwalo msindo. Oku kudla ngokufunyaniswa kubantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka emi-6 ubudala. |
| I-Dysthymia (Ingxaki Yokudakumba Engapheliyo) | Le yimeko engembi kangako njengengxaki yokudakumba okukhulu, kodwa ihlala ixesha elide (iminyaka). Iimpawu ziyafika zidlule. Abanye abazali bacinga ukuba le yindlela umntwana ayiyo. Kodwa le yimeko enokunyangeka ngonyango. |
Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko ebantwaneni?
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Kwakhona, umngcipheko wokudakumba uphezulu nangakumbi kubantwana abanezinye izifo ezifana nesifo seswekile, isifo sokuwa, kunye neentlungu ezingapheliyo.
Ukuba ndicinga ukuba umntwana wam une-depression, zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndizijonge?
Uxinzelelo kubantwana lunokubonakala lwahlukile kunoxinzelelo kubantu abadala. Kwaye iimpawu zinokwahluka ukusuka komnye umntwana ukuya komnye. Nazi iimpawu eziphambili ekufuneka uziqaphele:
- Ukutshintsha kwemo yengqondo: Umntwana uba lusizi okanye abe nomsindo ngaphezu kwesiqhelo. Le meko ihlala phantse imini yonke.
- Ukungabi namdla kwimisebenzi eyonwabisayo: Ngaphambili, wawukuthanda ukudlala, ukuzoba, nokuthetha nabahlobo, kodwa ngoku awunamdla kuyo nayiphi na kwezo zinto.
- Amandla aphantsi kunye nokudinwa rhoqo: Ukuziva ngathi awukwazi ukwenza nto, uzive udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha.
- Ukuthetha kakubi ngawe: Ukuthetha izinto ezinje ngokuthi "Andinakwenza nto," "Andinamsebenzi." Ukuzithemba okuphantsi kakhulu.
- Utshintsho kwindlela yokutya: Ukutya ngaphezu kwesiqhelo, okanye ukutya kancinci kakhulu.
- Utshintsho ebuthongweni: Ukungalali ebusuku, okanye ukulala ixesha elide emini.
Kutheni abantwana befumana olu hlobo loxinzelelo?
Ngokutsho kweengcali, akukho sizathu sithile sikhethekileyo sokudakumba ebantwaneni, kodwa bakholelwa ukuba ikakhulu yindibaniselwano yezinto.
- Imbali yemfuza kunye neyosapho: Ukuba ilungu losapho elisondeleyo (umama, utata, abantakwabo noodadewabo) linesifo sokudakumba, umntwana naye usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nalo.
- Ukugula okanye ingozi yomzimba: Ukugula ixesha elide okanye ingozi enkulu.
- Iziganeko zobomi ezibangela uxinezeleko: ukwahlukana kwabazali, ukufa kwelungu losapho, ukufuduka, ukutshintsha isikolo, njl.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi: Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi phakathi kwabantwana abancinci nako kungaba ngunobangela woku.
- Ukuxhaphaza okanye amava abuhlungu: Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwasengqondweni esikolweni okanye kwenye indawo.
Khumbula, ukudakumba akulotyala lomntwana wakho okanye lakho. Yimeko yezonyango efuna unyango.
Uxilongo oluchanekileyo lufunyanwa njani xa uxinezelekile?
Ukuba unenkxalabo ngomntwana wakho, into yokuqala omawuyenze kukutyelela ugqirha wabantwana womntwana wakho. Ugqirha uza kuqala amhlole umntwana wakho ukuze abone ukuba kukho naziphi na ezinye iimeko zomzimba ezinokubangela ezi mpawu, njengoko ezinye izifo zinokuba neempawu ezifana nezoxinzelelo.
Umzekelo:
- I-anemia
- Iingxaki ze-thyroid (i-Hypothyroidism okanye i-hyperthyroidism)
- Ukunqongophala kweVithamin D
- Isifo seswekile
- Isifo sokuwa
Ukuba kuqinisekisiwe ukuba akukho sizathu somzimba, ugqirha uza kukuthumela kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo, efana nengcali yengqondo yabantwana okanye ingcali yezifo zengqondo.
Apho, ingcali iya kuthetha nawe nomntwana wakho ngokwahlukeneyo ize ithathe iinkcukacha. Iya kubuza malunga nokuziphatha komntwana, imeko yakhe, kunye neemvakalelo zakhe. Inokufumana nolwazi kootitshala bomntwana. Konke oku kwenzelwa ukubonelela ngoxilongo oluchanekileyo.
Zithini iindlela zonyango lokudakumba?
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili ezisetyenziswayo ukunyanga ukudakumba ebantwaneni. Ezi zezo kukuthetha ngonyango kunye namayeza. Ngamanye amaxesha enye yezi ndlela yanele, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi iziphumo ezilungileyo zifumaneka xa zombini ezi ndlela zisetyenziswa kunye.
1. Unyango lokuthetha
Unyango Lokuziphatha Olusebenzisa Ingqondo (i-CBT) ludla ngokusetyenziswa koku. Ngamafutshane, lunceda umntwana ukuba abone iipatheni zengcinga ezimbi aze azitshintshe zibe zezakhayo. Ngale ndlela, umntwana ufunda izinto ezifana nendlela yokujongana neengxaki, indlela yokulawula umsindo, kunye nendlela yokuphumla.
2. Amayeza
Udidi lwamayeza asetyenziswa kakhulu ekudakumbeni ebantwaneni yi -SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) . La mayeza anyusa amanqanaba e- serotonin, ikhemikhali esebuchotsheni enxulunyaniswa nolonwabo kunye nokuphila kakuhle. Imizekelo yala mayeza ibandakanya i-Fluoxetine kunye ne-Sertraline.
Kubalulekile: La mayeza afanele anikwe kuphela xa kucetyiswe yingcali.
Ngaba kufuneka uqaphele nemiphumo emibi yamayeza?
Ewe, njengayo nayiphi na imithi, oku kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu zilandelayo, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko:
- Impendulo yokunganyamezelani
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo okanye okungaqhelekanga
- Ukudinwa, iintlungu zesifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumla
- Umkhuhlane omkhulu
- Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo embonweni
- Iingcinga zokuzibulala okanye ukudakumba okubi ngakumbi
Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ezinje ngokulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya, ukungakwazi ukulala, iintloko ezibuhlungu, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwesisu, zinokwenzeka kwaye ziphele kwiiveki ezimbalwa zokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, kulungile ukwazisa ugqirha wakho ngezi zinto.
Ungaze uyeke ukuthatha amayeza umntwana wakho ngequbuliso ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha. Ukwenza njalo kunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga okanye kuyenze mandundu ingcinezelo.
Njengomzali, ndingamnceda njani umntwana wam?
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo onokuyenza ngeli xesha kukubaUkumamela umntwana nokumenza azive ngathi uyamxhasa.
- Intetho: Wakuba nje uqaphela utshintsho kwindlela umntwana wakho avakalelwa ngayo, buza imibuzo. Mbuze ngothando, "Uziva njani?", "Ingaba kukho into engalunganga?"
- Yiba nomonde: Unyango lusenokungaqali ngoko nangoko. Kungathatha iiveki ezi-4-6 ukuba amayeza asebenze. Umntwana ukwadinga ixesha lokwakha ukuthembana nogqirha wengqondo.
- Gcina incwadi yamanqaku: Bhala phantsi indlela umntwana wakho alala ngayo, iindlela zokutya, amanqanaba amandla akhe, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza, kunye notshintsho kwindlela aziphethe ngayo kwincwadi yamanqaku yonke imihla. Ukuya nale ncwadi yamanqaku nawe ukuya kubona ugqirha kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu ngexesha lonyango.
- Yenza indawo elungileyo: Yenza indawo ekhuselekileyo nexhasayo ekhaya kumntwana wakho. Khuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba aqhelise umzimba imihla ngemihla, atye ukutya okunesondlo, aze alale ngokwaneleyo.
- Yenza into xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo: Ukuba umntwana wakho uthetha ngokuzenzakalisa okanye uzama ukwenza njalo, mthathe ngoko nangoko aye kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele esikufutshane.
Eli lingaba lixesha elinzima nakuwe. Usenokuziva unetyala kwaye ungenakunceda. Kodwa khumbula, eli asilotyala lakho. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo nothando lwakho kunye nenkxaso, umntwana wakho unokuchacha ngokupheleleyo kule meko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukudakumba ebantwaneni akuyonto yokuhlekisa okanye yokuhlekisa, sisifo sokwenyani esifuna unyango.
- Ukuba ubona utshintsho kwindlela umntwana wakho aziphethe ngayo nakwimo yakhe oluthatha iiveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini, musa ukulutyeshela.
- Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukumamela umntwana, ungamgwebi, kwaye uhlale unika inkxaso yakho.
- Okokuqala, bonana nogqirha oqhelekileyo womntwana wakho. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, baya kukuthumela kwingcali.
- Ukudakumba kunokulawulwa ngempumelelo kwaye kunyangwe ngonyango lokuthetha kunye namayeza.
- Asikuko oku okubangela umntwana wakho okanye owakho. Ukufuna uncedo olufanelekileyo kunokunceda umntwana wakho afumane ulonwabo kwakhona.
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