Ingaba uvavanyo lwakho lwegazi luthe 'iPolychromasia'? Masibone ukuba yintoni na! (iPolychromasia)

Xa usenza uvavanyo lwegazi, ngamanye amaxesha sibona amagama angaqhelekanga kwingxelo, akunjalo? Mhlawumbi ingxelo yakho yayinegama elithi `Polychromasia` okanye `Polychromatophilia`. Kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo xa uyibona. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngale nto namhlanje.

Yintoni i-'Polychromasia'?

Ngamafutshane, i-`Polychromasia` ithetha ukuba iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi zinemibala eyahlukileyo. Oku kubonakala xa kuthathwa isampuli yegazi lakho, ibekwe kwisilayidi seglasi, idaywe ngedayi ekhethekileyo, ize ijongwe phantsi kwe-microscope. Olu vavanyo silubiza ngokuba yi-`Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS)`.

Ngokwesiqhelo, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni neziphuhlileyo zibonakala zipinki kwi-'PBS'. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho i-'Polychromasia', phakathi kwezi seli ezipinki, ungabona iiseli ezimbalwa ezibonakala ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, zingwevu-bluish, okanye zimfusa . Ezi seli zinemibala eyahlukeneyo zihlala ziseli ezibomvu zegazi ezingavuthwanga . Kwizonyango, ezi seli zibomvu zegazi ezingavuthwanga sizibiza ngokuba yi-'Reticulocytes'.

I-Polychromasia ithetha ukuba umongo wakho wethambo ukhupha iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezintsha (iiReticulocytes) egazini lakho ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Uyazi, umongo wethambo yinxalenye ethambileyo nethambileyo yomzimba wakho engaphakathi kwamathambo amakhulu. Zonke iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets egazini lakho zenziwe kumongo wethambo. Kufana nomzi-mveliso.

Kutheni ezi seli zibomvu zegazi zibonakala ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka?

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba kutheni ezi seli zibomvu zegazi ezingavuthwanga (`iiReticulocytes`) zibukeka ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isizathu kukuba ezi 'Reticulocytes' ziqulathe izinto zemfuza ezibizwa ngokuba yi'RNA'. Xa zisabela kwibala le 'PBS', le 'RNA' ijika ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Le 'RNA' ifana nenkqubo yexeshana kwiseli. Xa 'iReticulocyte' ikhula ize ibe yiseli ebomvu yegazi epheleleyo, le 'RNA' iyanyamalala.

Kubalulekile ukuchonga ezi 'Reticulocytes' kwi 'PBS'. Kuba, 'iiReticulocytes' liqela leeseli ezingakwaziyo ukuthwala ioksijini ngokufanelekileyo njengeeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezivuthiweyo ngokupheleleyo. Umsebenzi ophambili weeseli ezibomvu zegazi kukuthwala ioksijini kuyo yonke iseli emzimbeni wethu. Ngoko ke, ukuba neeseli ezininzi ezingavuthwanga kuthetha ukuba loo msebenzi awusebenzi kakuhle.

Zithini izizathu ze-'Polychromasia'?

I-Polychromasia inokuba luphawu lwesifo esithile esingabonakaliyo. Le meko ibangela ukuba umongo wakho wamathambo ukhuphe iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezingavuthwanga egazini lakho ngokukhawuleza. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo xa inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezivuthiweyo egazini lakho lincipha. Umzimba uzama ukubuyisela ngokukhulula ngokukhawuleza ii-reticulocytes kwimongo wakho wamathambo ziye egazini lakho.

Nazi ezinye zezizathu zokuba kutheni ungabona i-'Polychromasia':

• I-Hemolytic Anemia: Le yingxaki yegazi. Kulapho iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zitshatyalaliswa khona ngaphambi kwexesha. Ngamanye amaxesha le ntshabalalo inokwenzeka ngesantya umzimba ongakwaziyo ukwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezintsha. Oku kubangela i-anemia. I-Hemolytic anemia inokubangelwa zizifo ezidluliselwa kwilifa ezifana ne-Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH), i-Thalassemia, kunye neSickle Cell Disease. Ingabangelwa nazizifo ezithile kunye namayeza athile.
• Ukulahleka kwegazi okukhulu: Xa kukho ukopha kakhulu, nokuba ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle, umongo wethambo uyakhuthazwa ukwandisa imveliso yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ii-reticulocytes emva koko zikhutshwa egazini ukuze zithathe indawo yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezilahlekileyo. Khawuthelekelele, ukuba ulahlekelwa ligazi elininzi kwingozi enkulu, oku kunokwenzeka.
• Umhlaza: Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zinokusasazeka ziye kumongo wethambo kwaye ziphazamise ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, okanye zinokutyhala iiseli zegazi ezingavuthwanga ziye egazini.
• Ukukhulelwa: Kuqhelekile ukuba inani le-'Reticulocytes' egazini libe phezulu kancinci kunesiqhelo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku akusosizathu sokukhathazeka.
• Ukuhlala kwiindawo eziphakamileyo: Amanqanaba eoksijini aphantsi kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Umzimba unokuziqhelanisa nokungabikho kooksijini ngokwandisa imveliso yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi nokukhupha ii-reticulocytes egazini.

Izondlo ezonyusa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi

Ngamanye amaxesha, xa uqala ukuthatha iivithamini kunye nezongezo ezifunekayo ukwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni, ungabona "iPolychromasia" kwingxelo yakho yegazi. Oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba wakho uyasabela. Ukuba awufumani ngokwaneleyo ezi zondlo ekutyeni okutyayo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa:

• IVithamin B12 (`iVithamin B12`)
• I-asidi ye-folic (`i-asidi ye-folic`)
• Intsimbi

Ezi zondlo zibalulekile ekuvelisweni kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Umzekelo, i-iron inceda ekwenzeni i-hemoglobin, iproteni ethwala ioksijini kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi. I-Vitamin B12 kunye ne-folic acid zibalulekile ekwahlulweni nasekuvuthweni kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Zithini iimpawu ze-'Polychromasia'?

Akukho zimpawu zithile zePolychromasia. Nangona kunjalo, unokufumana iimpawu ezibangelwa yimeko efihlakeleyo, efana ne-anemia, ebangela iPolychromasia.

Ezi zezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo ze-anemia:

• Ulusu olukhanyayo
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ubuthathaka okanye ukudinwa
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (i-Dyspnea)
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza (iTachycardia)
• Isiyezi okanye ukuba nentloko ebuhlungu
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi (iHypotension)
• Ukutyheli kolusu okanye amhlophe emehlweni (i-Jaundice) - Oku kubonakala ngakumbi kwi-Hemolytic Anemia.
• Ukwanda kwe-spleen (`Splenomegaly`) okanye isibindi (`Hepatomegaly`)

Ngamanye amaxesha kusenokungabikho zimpawu konke konke. Konke kuxhomekeke kwimeko ebangela i-polychromasia kunye nobunzima bayo.

Indlela yokubona i-'Polychromasia'?

Oogqirha banokubona ukuba une-polychromasia ngokweziphumo zovavanyo lwe-PBS (peripheral blood smear). Oku kuya kubonisa iiseli zegazi ezibomvu eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye ezingwevu-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (ezibizwa ngokuba zii-reticulocytes) kwisampulu yegazi lakho, kunye neeseli zegazi ezibomvu ezivuthiweyo ezipinki eziqhelekileyo.

Khumbula, i-'Polychromasia' yinto ebonwa kuvavanyo lwegazi, kwaye ayisiyo 'isifo' ngokwayo.

Ngoko ke, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukunceda ekufumaneni unobangela wemeko yakho. Uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho, imbali yakho yezonyango, kunye namayeza owasebenzisayo. Banokwenza uvavanyo lomzimba ukujonga iimpawu ze-hemolytic anemia (ezifana nokwanda kwepleen okanye isibindi). Uvavanyo oluthile oza kuba nalo luya kuxhomekeka kwisizathu esicingelwa ukuba sichaphazela ukukhululwa kwee-reticulocytes kwi-bone marrow yakho.

Iphathwa njani iPolychromasia?

Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu se-polychromasia yakho. Ukuba imbangela yi-anemia encinci kwaye awunazo naziphi na iimpawu ezinkulu, usenokungadingi unyango. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unesifo esinzulu esibangela i-polychromasia yakho, ugqirha wakho uya kucebisa unyango olufanelekileyo.

Ezi zingasetyenziswa njengonyango:

• Utofelo-gazi: Kwezinye iimeko zofuzo ezifana neSickle Cell Disease okanye xa kukho ukopha kakhulu.
• IiCorticosteroids: Kwiimeko ezifana ne-Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, apho inkqubo yakho yomzimba itshabalalisa iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi.
• Ii-immunosuppressants: Ezi zinokunikwa xa inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela itshabalalisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kwaye unyango olufana ne-corticosteroids alusebenzi.

Ukuba i-polychromasia ibangelwa lusulelo lwebhaktiriya, intsholongwane, okanye i-parasites, amayeza athile anokufuneka kuloo sulelo. Ukuba imeko ibangelwa liyeza, kunokufuneka uyeke ukuthatha elo yeza okanye utshintshele kwelinye iyeza. Nangona kunjalo, ungaze uyeke ukuthatha naliphi na iyeza ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho. Ugqirha wakho uya kukukhokela ngononophelo.

Ngaba kufuneka uyoyike i-'Polychromasia'?

Akunjalo ngokuyimfuneko. I-Polychromasia inokuba luphawu lwengxaki yegazi efuna unyango, okanye ingaba yinto engenabungozi kwaphela. Umzekelo, ukuba ukhulelwe okanye usandul' ukuqala ukuthatha izongezo zesinyithi, oku kunokuba yinto eqhelekileyo.

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ngezi ziphumo aze akuchazele ukuba ngaba zizinto ekufuneka zixhalatyiswe okanye ngaba kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelweyo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu ze-anemia, ezinje ngokudinwa, ukuba mdaka, kunye nokuphefumla kancinci, yenza idinga lokubonana nogqirha. Okwangoku, musa ukulibazisa uhlolo lwakho lonyaka. Ugqirha wakho unokujonga iiseli zakho zegazi ngokwenza uvavanyo olufana ne-PBS ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Iingxelo zovavanyo lwegazi zinokukunika ulwazi oluninzi malunga nempilo yakho ngokubanzi. Zinokukunceda uchonge iimeko zegazi ezinokufuna unyango kwangethuba.

Ngamafutshane (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Musa ukoyika xa ubona igama elithi `Polychromasia` kwingxelo yakho yegazi. Khumbula:

• I-``Polychromasia'' yinkcazo, ayiloxilongo. Ithetha nje ukuba uneeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezingavuthwanga kakhulu kuneziqhelekileyo egazini lakho.
• Oku kungaba luphawu lwengxaki yempilo engabonakaliyo, okanye kungaba yinto engenabungozi neyokwexeshana.
• Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga noku, thetha nogqirha wakho. Angachaza indlela okukuchaphazela ngayo oku.

Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala unxibelelana kakuhle nogqirha wakho. Ngabo bayiqonda kakuhle impilo yakho.

I- Polychromasia, iiseli zegazi ezibomvu, uvavanyo lwegazi, ii-reticulocytes, i-bone marrow, i-anemia