Sonke siyazi ngezitho ezinkulu zomzimba wethu. Sisoloko sithetha ngezinto ezifana nentliziyo, imiphunga, izintso, nesibindi. Kodwa kungakanani esikwaziyo ngezitho ezincinci, kodwa ezinamandla kakhulu ngaphakathi kwengqondo ezilawula konke oku, ezilawula umzimba wethu wonke? Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngenxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yengqondo, nangona ibizwa kancinci, eyenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo ebomini bethu ngokuthula. Le nxalenye siyibiza ngokuba yi-pons .
Kalula nje, yintoni le Pons?
Khawuthelekelele ingqondo yakho njengesixeko esikhulu. Kufuneka kubekho iindlela kunye neebhulorho zokuthutha ulwazi oluya noluvela kwindawo nganye yesi sixeko. Ngokufanayo, ii-pons yibhulorho enkulu edlulisela ulwazi phakathi kwenxalenye ephezulu yengqondo yakho kunye nomqolo ongaphantsi kwayo. Enyanisweni, igama lesiLatini elithi 'pons' lithetha 'ibhulorho'.
Ikwinxalenye yesibini ukuya kwesezantsi yesiseko sethu sobuchopho. Ngokuchanekileyo, ngaphezulu nje kwe-medulla oblongata. Le nxalenye incinci isebenza njengesikhungo esikhulu esinceda ukuthwala imiqondiso esuka kwinxalenye ephezulu yobuchopho bethu ukuya kwiindawo ezisezantsi zomzimba wethu, kunye nemiqondiso esuka emzimbeni ukuya kwingqondo.
Kwakhona, kukho inethiwekhi ekhethekileyo yemithambo-luvo eqhagamshelwe ngqo ebuchotsheni bethu. Siyibiza ngokuba yi -'Cranial Nevers' . Ii-pons zikwasebenza njengendawo enkulu yokudibanisa kunye nokuma kwezi mithambo-luvo. Ke ngoko, inonxibelelwano nezinto ezininzi ezifana nembonakalo yobuso bethu, iintshukumo zamehlo, ukuva, kunye nokulinganisela.
Zithini imisebenzi ephambili yeeponi?
Le bhulorho incinci yenza umsebenzi omninzi. Njengendawo enkulu yokutshintshana kwindlela enkulu, ibalulekile ekudlulisweni kwemiqondiso kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo. Iipons zikwaqulathe inani leekhemikhali ezikhethekileyo, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neurotransmitters , ezinceda ekudlulisweni kwemiqondiso. Ezi zibaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni ubuthongo bethu.
Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa imisebenzi ephambili yeeponi.
| Umsebenzi ophambili | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ulawulo lokulala nokuvuka | Oku kunceda ekulawuleni umjikelo wethu wokulala. Iipons zimisela indlela umzimba wethu omele uphaphe ngayo xa sivuka kusasa. Zikwabandakanyeka nakwisigaba sokulala se-REM, apho siphupha khona. |
| Ulawulo lwesignali yentlungu | Iipons zilawula indlela yemiqondiso yentlungu evela naphi na emzimbeni wethu ngaphantsi kwentamo ukuya engqondweni, kwaye zilawula ezo miqondiso. Oku kuthetha ukuba ikwachaphazela nobunzulu bentlungu esiyivayo. |
| Ukusebenza ngokubambisana nezinye iindawo zengqondo | Iipons azisebenzi zodwa. Zisebenza ngokusondeleyo ne-cerebellum, elawula ulungelelwaniso kunye nokuhamba kwemizimba yethu. Zikwasebenza ngokubambisana nezinye iindawo ze-brainstem, ezilawula ukuphefumla kwethu ngokungazikhetheli. |
Ubudlelwane nemithambo-luvo yentloko edibene ngqo nengqondo
Kukho ii-12 zee-nerve ezinkulu ezidibana ngqo nobuchopho bethu kwaye zilawula imisebenzi yobuso, intloko, nentamo. Ezi zizinto esizibiza ngokuba yi-Cranial Neves. Iingcambu eziphambili (i-nuclei) zezi-4 kwezi-12 zifumaneka ngaphakathi kwee-pons. Oku kuthetha ukuba ii-pons zifana ne-head office yezi-4 ze-nerve.
| Igama leNerve | Umsebenzi ophambili wayo |
|---|---|
| Umthambo weTrigeminal (umthambo weTrigeminal - V) | Le nerve ithumela imiyalezo engqondweni yakho malunga nokuchukumisa, iintlungu, kunye nobushushu bobuso bakho. Ikwalawula izihlunu ezisebenzayo xa sihlafuna ukutya. |
| I-Abducens nerve (i-Abducens nerve-VI) | Le nerve ilawula izihlunu ezisinceda sijike amehlo ethu ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye (ngaphandle). Ukuba yonakele, sinokubona kabini (diplopia) . |
| Umthambo wobuso (umthambo wobuso - VII) | Le mithambo-luvo ilawula zonke izimbo zobuso, nokuba siyahleka, siyalila, okanye simangalisiwe. Ayipheleli apho, ikwanceda ukuba ulwimi lwethu lunambitheke. |
| Imithambo-luvo yeVestibulocochlear (imithambo-luvo yeVestibulocochlear - VIII) | Ineenxalenye ezimbini. Inxalenye ye-vestibular ilawula ibhalansi yomzimba wethu. Inxalenye ye-cochlear isinika amandla okuva izandi . |
Indawo, inkangeleko, kunye nobukhulu beeponi
Indawo: Le ikwisiseko sekhakayi lethu, njengenye yezona ndawo zisezantsi zobuchopho.
Inkangeleko: Ijongeka njengesiqu phezulu kwentyatyambo yekhaphetshu. Inombala okhanyayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe.
Ubungakanani: Oku akukhulu njengoko unokucinga.
- Ukuphakama: Malunga ne-intshi enye (iimilimitha ezingama-27).
- Ububanzi: Malunga ne-1.5 intshi (38 millimeters).
- Ubunzulu: Malunga ne-intshi enye (iimilimitha ezingama-25).
Zenziwe ngantoni ezi poni?
Njengayo yonke ingqondo yethu, ii-pons zenziwe ikakhulu ziintlobo zeeseli zemithambo-luvo. Ezi zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili.
1. Ii-Neurons
Ezi ziiseli eziphambili ezisebenzayo kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo. Ezi seli zithumela kwaye zamkele imiqondiso yombane neyekhemikhali. Kukho iindawo ezininzi eziphambili ze-neuron:
- Umzimba weseli: Le yinxalenye ephambili yeseli.
- I-Axon: Inxalenye ende, efana nengalo ephuma emzimbeni weseli. Isetyenziselwa ukuthwala imiqondiso kwezinye iiseli.
- Iidendrites: Izakhiwo ezincinci, ezinamasebe ezikhula njengamasebe omthi. Ezi zakhiwo zifumana imiqondiso evela kwezinye ii-neurons.
- I-Myelin: I-fatty sheath ekhuselayo ejikeleze i-axon. Oku kunceda imiqondiso ukuba ihambe ngokukhawuleza.
2. Iiseli zeGlial
Aba bafana neqela labasebenzi abancedisayo abanceda ii-neurons. Nangona zingathumeli zimpawu, ezi seli zinceda ukugcina ii-neurons ziphilile, zizikhusele, zizondle, kwaye zizikhusele kwizifo. Enyanisweni, kukho malunga neshumi lee-glial cells ezingaphezulu kunee-neurons kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo.
Ziziphi iimeko zonyango eziqhelekileyo ezinokuchaphazela iipons?
Njengaso nasiphi na isifo esichaphazela ingqondo, ii-pons zinokuchaphazeleka zizifo ezahlukeneyo kuba zikwindawo ebuthathaka kakhulu nebalulekileyo.
- Istroke: Umonakalo obangelwa kukuvaleka okanye ukuqhekeka komthambo wegazi ohambisa igazi kwiipons.
- Iithumba zobuchopho: Iithumba, nokuba zingumhlaza okanye azingomhlaza, zinokuvela ngaphakathi okanye kufutshane neepons.
- Ukulimala kwengqondo okubangelwe kukwenzakala: Ukulimala entloko ngenxa yeengozi nako kunokonakalisa iipons.
- I-Multiple sclerosis: Isifo senkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela esonakalisa i-myelin egquma imithambo-luvo.
- I-Central pontine myelinolysis: Imeko embi ebangelwa kukonakala kwe-myelin sheath kwi-pons ngenxa yokulungiswa ngokukhawuleza kwamanqanaba e-sodium emzimbeni.
- I-Locked-in syndrome: Imeko ebuhlungu kakhulu ebangelwa kukonakala okukhulu kwee-pons. Kule meko, isigulana sisezingqondweni kodwa asikwazi ukushukumisa naliphi na ilungu lomzimba ngaphandle kwamehlo.
- Iintsholongwane: Iintsholongwane ezifana neebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane nazo zinokuchaphazela ii-pons ngokusasazeka ziye engqondweni.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha ofanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza ukuba ukrokrela imeko efana nale, kuba ixesha libaluleke kakhulu kwimicimbi enxulumene nengqondo.
Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka xa kukho ingxaki ngeepons
Iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni leliphi icala le-pons elonakeleyo, kuba njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, lenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.
| Uphawu | Intsingiselo elula |
|---|---|
| I-Ataxia | Ukungcangcazela komzimba okungenakulawuleka xa uhamba kwaye uhamba. |
| I-Diplopia | Ukubona ezimbini nezimbini. |
| I-Vertigo | Isiyezi esinzima, ukuziva ngathi wena okanye indawo ekungqongileyo iyajikeleza. |
| I-Nystagmus | Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okukhawulezileyo nokungalawulekiyo ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye okanye phezulu nasezantsi. |
| Ukukhubazeka kobuso okanye komzimba | Ukungaziva okanye ukurhawuzelela kwinxalenye yobuso okanye kwelinye icala lomzimba. |
| I-tinnitus | Ukuva isandi esiqhubekayo esifana 'nokukhala' ngaphakathi ezindlebeni. |
| Ukulahlekelwa kukuva (Ukungeva) | Ukuncipha okanye ukulahlekelwa kukuva ngequbuliso okanye kancinci kancinci. |
Uvavanyo olujonga impilo yeepons
Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, ugqirha wakho unokukuhlola aze akuthumelele iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela wesifo sakho.
- Uvavanyo lomzimba lwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo: Ugqirha uza kujonga izinto ezifana nokulinganisela kwakho, intshukumo yamehlo, kunye nokusebenza kwezihlunu zobuso.
- I-MRI scan: Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumana imifanekiso ecacileyo yengqondo kunye neepons.
- I-CT scan: Oku kungathatha imifanekiso yobuchopho, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lunceda ekufumaneni izifo, iingxaki zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, okanye iityhefu emzimbeni.
- Uvavanyo lwe-EEG: Uvavanyo olulinganisa umsebenzi wombane wengqondo.
- Uvavanyo lwemfuza: Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba ezinye izifo ezingaqhelekanga zidluliselwa kwilifa, ungathunyelwa kolu vavanyo.
Iingxaki ezikwiiponi ziphathwa njani?
Akukho nyango lukhethekileyo loku. Unyango luxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwisizathu sesifo.
- Kwimeko yokungakwazi ukuqina, unyango lunikwa ukunyibilikisa okanye ukususa ihlwili legazi.
- Ukuba yi-brain tumor, utyando, i-radiotherapy, okanye i-chemotherapy kunokufuneka, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwayo.
- Ukuba kukho usulelo, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane okanye amanye amayeza aya kunikwa ukunyanga.
- Kwimeko efana ne-multiple sclerosis, kusenokufuneka uthathe amayeza okulawula esi sifo ubomi bakho bonke.
- Kwezinye iimeko ezinganyangekiyo, unyango olufana ne-physiotherapy lunikezelwa ukulawula iimpawu nokugcina umgangatho wobomi besigulana.
Singenza ntoni ukukhusela impilo yeepons?
Asinakuthintela ezinye izifo ezichaphazela iipons, njengezifo zemfuza. Nangona kunjalo, zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wethu.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: Ukutya okutyebileyo ngeevithamini kunye nezondlo kubaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yenkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo.
- Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni kwaye uzilolonge: Ezi zinto zinokunceda ekulawuleni izifo ezonyusa umngcipheko westroke, ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile kunye ne-cholesterol.
- Nxiba izixhobo zokhuseleko: Xa ukhwela iibhayisekile, iibhayisekile, okanye usenza umsebenzi onobungozi, qiniseka ukuba unxibe isigqubuthelo sentloko esikhuselayo njengesigcina-ntloko. Ukwenzakala entloko kunokuba yingozi ebomini.
- Lawula izifo zakho ezingapheliyo ngokufanelekileyo: Ukuba unezifo ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nesifo seswekile, landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho kwaye uthabathe amayeza amiselweyo . Ukuba la mayeza awalawulwa, umonakalo wengqondo unokuba mkhulu.
Ekugqibeleni, ii-pons ziyinxalenye encinci, kodwa enamandla, kwaye ibalulekile emzimbeni wethu. Nangona sisenokungazi, le bhulorho incinci isebenza buthule ngayo yonke into esiyiphefumlayo, umzuzwana ngamnye xa silala, kwaye umzuzu ngamnye sigcina ibhalansi yomzimba wethu. Ke ngoko, ukunyamekela impilo yengqondo yethu iyonke yindlela entle yokukhusela le nxalenye incinci.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iipons yinxalenye encinci yesiseko sethu sengqondo esilawula izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana nokuphefumla, ukulala, ukulinganisela, kunye neentshukumo zobuso.
- Ukonakala koku kunokubangela iimpawu ezinzulu ezifana nokungaziva mnandi ebusweni, ukubona kabini, ubunzima bokuhamba, kunye nesiyezi.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ngequbuliso ubonakalisa iimpawu ezifana nezi, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) esibhedlele ngoko nangoko, kuba oko kunokuba luphawu lwestroke.
- Ukutya okunesondlo, umthambo rhoqo, ukukhuselwa ekwenzakaleni entloko, kunye nolawulo olufanelekileyo lwezifo ezingapheliyo (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo seswekile) kunokukhusela impilo yengqondo iphela, kuquka neepons.
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