Masithethe nge-pterygium. Ngaba le yingxaki nakuwe?

Ngaba wakha wayibona iqhuma elincinci elinomzimba eliphuma kwikona yeliso lakho liye phakathi kweliso lakho? Lisenokuba lipinki, okanye lisenokuba nemithambo yegazi emincinci. Oku koko ookhokho bethu babekubiza ngokuba yi "papillary" kwaye oogqirha bakubiza ngokuba yi "Pterygium". Abanye abantu bakubiza ngokuba yi "Surfer's Eye" kuba liqhele ukubonwa kubantu abasebenzisa i-surf. Makhe sithethe ngayo ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje, kuba nangona oku kungaba yingxaki encinci kwabanye abantu, kunokuba yingxaki enkulu ukuba uyazi.

Yintoni le pterygium?

Ngamafutshane, "iPterygium" yinwebu ephakanyisiweyo, enenyama eyakha inxalenye emhlophe yeliso lakho (esiyibiza ngokuba yi "Conjunctiva" ngokwezonyango). Yicinge njengeqhekeza elincinci lenwebu eliphumileyo elisweni lakho. Inokuba mhlophe okanye ipinki. Ngamanye amaxesha inemithambo yegazi emincinci, yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha ibonakala ibomvu.

Idla ngokuqala kwikona yeliso, ikakhulu kwicala lempumlo. Emva koko ikhula iye kwi-iris (inxalenye enemibala yeliso - oogqirha bayibiza ngokuba yi-`(Iris)`). Uninzi lwexesha, inobume obunxantathu, njengephiko lentaka. Igama elithi `(Pterygium)` livela kumagama amabini esiGrike; elinye elithi `(pteryx)` lithetha `iphiko'', kwaye elinye elithi `(pterygion)` lithetha `unxweme''. Ngoko ke igama ngokwalo linika umbono omncinci wesimo.

Ngubani onokuthi aphuhlise olu hlobo lwenwebu?

Njengoko igama elithi "Surfer's Eye" lisitsho, le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abasebenzisa ama-surf. Isizathu soku kukuba bahlala bechatshazelwa zizinto ezinokubangela ukuba le filimu ivele - njengokukhanya kwelanga okuqatha, imimoya enamandla, isanti yolwandle, namanzi anetyuwa .

Kodwa, ayikuko nje kuphela kwabakhweli be-surf. Nabani na ochitha ixesha elininzi ngaphandle engenazo naziphi na izikhuseli zamehlo unokufumana oku. Lo mngcipheko uphezulu kakhulu kubantu belizwe lethu njengabalimi, abalobi beentlanzi, abasebenzi beendlela, kunye nabasebenzi bokwakha. Kuba imisebenzi yabo ifuna ukuba bachithe uninzi losuku bengaphandle, bechatshazelwe zezi zinto zingqongileyo.

Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu njengoko abantu bekhula (ingakumbi emva kweminyaka engama-60) ngenxa yokuchatshazelwa ixesha elide zezi zinto zingqongileyo. Ixhaphake kakhulu nakubantu abahlala kumazwe akufutshane ne-ikhweyitha, apho ilanga likhanya kakhulu khona.

Ingaba oku kuyingozi?

Ngoku usenokuba uyazibuza ukuba ingaba le yinto enobungozi njengomhlaza. Hayi, le `(Pterygium)` ayisiyo `(umhlaza`). Oko kuthetha ukuba ayisasazeki kwezinye izicwili ezingaphakathi kweliso, kwaye ayihambi nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki kukuba ingaqhubeka ikhula phezu kweliso. Ukuba ngandlela ithile ifikelela kwindawo ebonakalayo yeliso lakho (esiyibiza ngokuba yi-"cornea") ngaphezulu kwendandatho emnyama, oko kukuthi, ukuba ifikelela embindini weliso, ingonakalisa umbono wakho.Ingabangela ukubona okufipheleyo kwaye yenze kube nzima ukubona kakuhle. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, kusenokufuneka isuswe ngotyando.

Kutheni le membrane isenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

I-Pterygium yimeko engafunekiyo yokukhula kwezicubu ze-conjunctiva emehlweni akho. Ezona zinto zibangela oku zezi:

• Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwimitha ye-ultraviolet eyingozi (`(Ultraviolet - UV light)`) evela elangeni. Oku kuthathwa njengesizathu esiphambili. Siyazi ukuba imitha ye-UV ayilungelanga amehlo.
• Ukucaphuka okungapheliyo kwamehlo okubangelwa zizinto ezifana nemozulu eshushu, eyomileyo, imimoya enamandla, nothuli . Khawuthelekelele, ukuba uthuli luhlala lungena emehlweni, ukuba amehlo omile, luya kuhlala lubangela ingxaki emehlweni.

Ukongeza koku, kunokubakho nezinye izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela umngcipheko:

• Ukuba neminyaka engaphezu kwama-60 ubudala (njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili).
• I-genetics: Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onaso, nawe unethuba elincinci lokuba naso.
• Ukunqongophala kweVithamin A.
• Usulelo lweHuman Papilloma Virus (HPV). (Oku kusesekwinqanaba lophando kwaye akukaqinisekiswa.)

Zithini iimpawu zoku?

Ekuqaleni, usenokungazi nokuba une-pterygium. Usenokubona nje iqhuma eliphakanyisiweyo, elinomzimba, elimile okwesiqwenga ekhoneni leliso lakho. Isenokungabi yingxaki konke konke.

Kodwa xa kuvela iimpawu, zinokuba yingozi kancinci. Ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Ukudumba kunye nokubomvu kwamehlo (ngamanye amaxesha imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Conjunctivitis)` inokwenzeka).
• Amehlo abomvu, imithambo yegazi ibonakala ngokucacileyo.
• Ukuziva ukoma emehlweni (`(Iliso elomileyo)`).
• Amehlo anamanzi (kusenokwenzeka ukuba kungenxa yamehlo omileyo).
• Ukuziva ngathi kukho into engaphakathi kweliso, njengothuli, uthuli, okanye uthotho lwesanti.
• Amehlo arhawuzelelayo.
• Ukurhawuzelelwa liliso.
• Ngamanye amaxesha amehlo ayabuhlungu.

Njengoko olu hlobo lwesikhumba lukhula, ezinye iimpawu zinokuvela:

• Ungayibona loo membrane ikhula ngobukhulu kwaye isasazeka kulo lonke iliso.
• Ukuba unxiba iilensi zokunxibelelana, unokufumana ubunzima bokuzifaka, iintlungu, okanye iilensi ezingalingani kakuhle.
• Utshintsho embonweni. Umzekelo, ukubona okufipheleyo, ngamanye amaxesha ukubona kabini.

Khumbula, ayinguye wonke umntu oza kuba nazo zonke ezi mpawu. Iinwebu zabanye abantu zikhula ngokukhawuleza kunabanye, kanti ezabanye zicotha kakhulu.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-pterygium kunye ne-pinguecula?

Usenokuba ukhe weva nge-`(Pinguecula)` (pin-ge-ku-la). Ikwaluhlobo olwahlukileyo lweqhuma elenzeka kwinxalenye emhlophe yeliso. Izizathu zifana kakhulu ne-`(Pterygium)` – oko kukuthi izinto ezingqongileyo, ingakumbi ukuvezwa lilanga ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, i-`(Pinguecula)` ixhaphake kakhulu kune-`(Pterygium)`. Ngamanye amaxesha i-`(Pinguecula)` iqala njenge-`(Pinguecula)` ize kamva ibe yi-`(Pterygium)`.

Ngoku masibone ukuba zeziphi umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-`(Pinguecula)` kunye ne-`(Pterygium)`:

• I-pinguecula sisiqhuma esincinci, esimile okwesinqe, esifana ne-blister. I-pterygium isasazeka njengephiko.
• I-pinguecula ayisasazeki ngaphezu kwe-cornea. Ifumaneka kwinxalenye emhlophe yeliso.
• Umbala we-`(Pinguecula)` unombala otyheli omhlophe kunokuba ube pinki.
• Ayinazo izicwili okanye imithambo yegazi enenyama. Isenokuba nezinto ezifana neproteni, amafutha, icalcium, njl. `(Pterygium)` inezicwili kunye nemithambo yegazi enenyama.
• I-Pinguecula idla ngokubangela iimpawu ezimbalwa kakhulu okanye iingxaki zamehlo.
• Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba kufuneke utyando ukuze kususwe.

Ugqirha uyibona njani le nto?

Umboneleli wakho wamehlo unokuyibona lula i-pterygium ngexesha lovavanyo lwamehlo. Ngokwesiqhelo basebenzisa uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-slit lamp exam. I-slit lamp yi-microscope ekhethekileyo ekhanyisa ukukhanya okukhanyayo (njenge-slit lamp) esweni lakho ukuze ijonge ngaphambili nangaphakathi kweliso lakho. Le yinxalenye yovavanyo lwamehlo oluqhelekileyo. Ugqirha wakho unokufumanisa kwangoko ukuba yi-pterygium. Akukho vavanyo luqhelekileyo olufunekayo.

Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Unyango lwe-pterygium luxhomekeke ekubeni lukuchaphazela kangakanani.

• Ukuba akukho zimpawu: Mhlawumbi akuyi kufuna unyango. Kodwa ugqirha wakho wamehlo uya kuyijonga. Baza kukucela ukuba uze kuhlolwa amehlo rhoqo (mhlawumbi kube kanye ngonyaka) ukuze babone ukuba i-cataract ikhula njani kwaye ingaba iyayichaphazela na indlela obona ngayo.
• Ukuba uneengxaki zamehlo: Ukuba i-pterygium iyakucaphukisa amehlo akho, njengobomvu, ukurhawuzelela, okanye ukutshisa, ugqirha wakho unokukunika oku kulandelayo:
• Amaconsi amehlo okanye amafutha okugcoba amehlo athengiswa ngaphandle kwekhawuntara angathengwa kwikhemesti ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha. Ezi zinokunceda ekunciphiseni amehlo omileyo kunye nokudumba.
• Ukuba iimpawu zinzima, amaconsi e-steroid emehlweni anganikwa ixesha elifutshane. La maconsi anokunciphisa ngokukhawuleza ukudumba kunye nokubomvu. Nangona kunjalo, la maconsi afanele asetyenziswe kuphela phantsi kwengcebiso kagqirha.

Kwakhona, oogqirha bacebisa ukunxiba umnqwazi kunye neeglasi zelanga ezine-UV ekhusela amehlo omabini.Oku kunokuthintela umonakalo ongaphezulu we-`(UV)` emehlweni. Oku kunokunceda i-`(Pterygium)` yakho ikhule ibe nkulu, okanye kuyithintele ekukhuleni ngokukhawuleza.

Ngaba kufuneka ndenze utyando?

Ayizizo zonke ii-pterygiums ezifuna utyando. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utyando lwamehlo kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Ukuba unengxaki yamehlo engenakulawulwa ngezinto ezifana namaconsi amehlo (ukudumba, iintlungu, ukubomvu).
• Ukuba i-`(Pterygium)` ikhula ngokukhawuleza, isondela kwi-cornea, kwaye ithintela okanye iza kuthintela umbono.
• Ukuba imo yeliso itshintshile ngenxa ye-pterygium kwaye kuye kwakho iingxaki zokubona ezifana ne-astigmatism.
• Abanye abantu bagqiba kwelokuba isuswe ngenxa yezizathu zobuhle, kuba kwabanye abantu, ukuba neliso elibomvu kunye nokuphuma kolwelo kunokubachaphazela ngokwengqondo.

Lwenziwa njani olu tyando?

Ugqirha wamehlo (i-Ophthalmologist) unokususa i-pterygium. Ukuba awunayo, ugqirha wamehlo angakuthumela kwenye.

Ngexesha lotyando lwe-`(Pterygium)`, ugqirha wakho wamehlo uza kwenza oku kulandelayo:

1. Ukuba ndindisholo: Okokuqala, uza kunikwa iyeza lokudambisa iintlungu (`(Anesthesia)`). Oku kusenokuba ngendlela yamaconsi amehlo okanye inaliti encinci. Ngoko awuyi kuva ntlungu.

2. Ukususa i-membrane: Emva koko ugqirha otyandayo ususa ngononophelo izicubu ezingaqhelekanga (i-pterygium) kumphezulu weliso.

3. Ukuvala umsantsa: Emva kokuba i-membrane isusiwe, kusala umsantsa omncinci kwi-`(Conjunctiva)`. Oogqirha botyando basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukuvala lo msantsa. Oku kubalulekile ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokwakheka kwakhona kwe-`(Pterygium).

• Ukufakelwa kwe-Conjunctival Autograft: Le yinkqubo ephumelele kakhulu. Ugqirha wakho uthatha iqhekeza lesicwili kwenye indawo esempilweni yeliso lakho (ngesiqhelo phantsi kwe-eyelid ephezulu, apho isicwili singcono khona) aze avale umsantsa. Oku kufana nokufaka i-patch. Le nkqubo idala inxeba elincinci phantsi kwe-eyelid, kodwa likhuselekile apho kwaye liyaziphilisa.
• Ukufakelwa kwezicubu ze-Amniotic: Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa izicubu ezikhethekileyo (`(izicubu ze-Amniotic membrane)`) ezithathwe kwiimembrane ze-fetus ezinikelweyo (oko kukuthi, i-placenta) ukuvala umsantsa ude uphole. Le tissue isebenza njengebhandishi yendalo, ikhusela umsantsa ude ukhule kwakhona uze uvaleke. Le ndlela iluncedo ukuba umsantsa mkhulu kune-`(autograft)`, okanye ukuba i-`(autograft)` kunzima ukuyifumana.

Utyando lwePterygium ludla ngokuthatha malunga neyure. Emva kotyando, kuya kufuneka unxibe i-eye patch kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa. Kuya kuthatha malunga neeveki ezine ukuya kwezintandathu ukuba iliso liphole ngokupheleleyo. Ngeli xesha, iliso linokuba bomvu kwaye lisenokungakhululeki kancinci.

Ugqirha uza kukunika amayeza oza kuwathatha uye nawo ekhaya. Oku kungabandakanya amathontsi e-antibiotic okanye amafutha okuthintela usulelo kunye namathontsi e-steroid emehlweni ukuthintela i-pterygium ukuba ingabuyi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa eli yeza ngokuchanekileyo nangexesha elimiselweyo.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi kulo msebenzi?

Njengakweminye imisebenzi, kunokubakho iingozi ezithile ezibandakanyekayo kwinkqubo ethi ``(Pterygium)```.

• Umngcipheko ophambili kukubuyela kwakhona – oko kukuthi, i-pterygium iyabuya emva kotyando. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, olunye utyando lunokufuneka. Ngethamsanqa, ngeendlela ezintsha neziphucukileyo zotyando ezifana ne-conjunctival autograft, izinga lokubuyela kwakhona kwe-pterygium lehlile kakhulu. Ngokophando lwangoku, umngcipheko wokubuyela kwakhona uphakathi kwe-2% kunye ne-15% ngogqirha oqeqeshiweyo olungileyo kunye nendlela elungileyo.
• Ukuba awusebenzisi ngokuchanekileyo amathontsi eliso amiselweyo, okanye ukuba amehlo akho abekwe elangeni ngqo emva kotyando, amathuba okuba aphinde avele kwakhona aphezulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo. Ungaphuma ngaphandle, kodwa ukuba uyaphuma, ungalibali ukusebenzisa izikhuseli ezifana nomnqwazi kunye neeglasi zelanga.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, amayeza asetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukuphinda kwamehlo anokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Umzekelo, amayeza alwa ne-metabolites afana ne-Mitomycin C (asetyenziswa ngamanye amaxesha ukuthintela ukuphinda kwamehlo) anokubangela ukuba i-sclera ibe buthathaka (i-scleromalacia) emva kotyando lwe-pterygium. Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kwamaconsi eliso e-steroid kunokunyusa uxinzelelo lwamehlo okanye kubangele i-cataracts. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka asetyenziswe kuphela phantsi kweliso likagqirha.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba olu lwelwesi alususwa?

Uninzi lwe-`(Pterygia)` (oko kukuthi isininzi se-`(Pterygium)`) luyaqhubeka lukhula, kodwa ezinye zikhula zibe nkulu kakhulu kunezinye. I-`(Pterygium)` yakho isenokungakubangela naziphi na iingxaki ezinkulu. Oogqirha abacebisi utyando lwe-`(Pterygium)` encinci, engenazimpawu ngenxa yomngcipheko wokuphinda ubuye.

Nangona kunjalo, i-pterygium eqhubeka isasazeka kulo lonke iliso inokubangela iingxaki.

• Oku kunokubangela ukungakhululeki kwamehlo rhoqo, ukuba bomvu, kunye nokwanda kokudumba.
• Umbono usenokuba ungacacanga okanye ungabonakali.
• Ukuba ngandlela ithile ingena kwi-cornea, inokolula i-cornea, itshintshe imo yayo, kwaye ibangele imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-astigmatism. Oku kunokuphazamisa ngakumbi umbono.
• Inokubangela amanxeba kwi-cornea, nto leyo enokuba nefuthe elihlala lihleli ekuboneni nasemva kokuba i-membrane isusiwe.

Yintoni enokwenziwa ukunciphisa ukwenzeka koku?

"Ukuthintela kungcono kunonyango." Ngoko ke, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba ne-`(Pterygium)`, kunye nokuthintela ukuba ingakhuli ukuba unayo, ungenza oku kulandelayo:

• Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuzikhusela elangeni. Xa uselangeni, ingakumbi phakathi kwentsimbi ye-10 kusasa ne-4 emva kwemini, nxiba iiglasi zelanga ezirhangqiweyo ezine-UV protection efanelekileyo.
• Nxiba umnqwazi okanye ikepusi. Oku kuya kunciphisa nobungakanani bokukhanya kwelanga okubetha amehlo akho.
• Ukuba usebenza kwindawo eyomileyo, enomoya, okanye enothuli, nxiba izibuko zokukhusela amehlo.
• Ukuba amehlo akho aziva omile, sebenzisa amaconsi amehlo (njengeenyembezi zokwenziwa) (njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha) ukuze ugcine amehlo akho emanzi.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani i-pterygium? Ngaba iya kubuya ukuba isusiwe?

I-``(Pterygium)`` ayizukuphila yodwa ngaphandle kokuba isuswe ngugqirha. Ingaqhubeka ikhula ubomi bakho bonke. Nangona kunjalo, oku akwenzeki kuwo wonke umntu, kwaye abanye abantu banokuba nobukhulu obunye okwethutyana.

Uninzi lwabantu aludingi unyango lwe-"(Pterygium)". Ukuba ibangela ukungakhululeki kwamehlo, unokulawula iimpawu ngamayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha. Ukuba ayisiyongxaki ingako, ungayisusa.

Kukho ithuba elincinci lokuba i-`(Pterygium)` yakho ibuyele emva kotyando. Ukuba iyabuya, idla ngokuqala ukubonakala kwiinyanga ezine emva kotyando, kwaye kungadlulanga iinyanga ezili-12. Ukuba kufuneka wenze olunye utyando, ugqirha wakho uya kuthatha amanyathelo ongezelelweyo ukuthintela i-`(Pterygium)` ukuba ingabuyi.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba une-`(Pterygium)`, okanye ukuba ubona into entsha ekhoneni leliso lakho, into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenze kukubona ugqirha wamehlo. Emva koko unokwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba yi-`(Pterygium)` okanye yinto enye.

Ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukukubona rhoqo, ajonge i-pterygium yakho, aze alinganise ukukhula kwayo – ngesiqhelo kube kanye ngonyaka, ngaphandle kokuba ikhula ngokukhawuleza okanye inkulu kunesiqhelo.

Kwiimeko ezinje, ungalibali ukubona ugqirha kuqala:

• Ukuba iimpawu ezintsha ziqala ukubonakala (umz., utshintsho embonweni, iintlungu zamehlo).
• Ukuba iimpawu zakho zangoku ziya zisiba mandundu.
• Ukuba amayeza owasebenzisayo okwangoku abonakali esebenza kakuhle.

I-`(Pterygium)` inokuba yinto eyoyikisayo xa uqala ukuyibona, kodwa kungekudala uza kuqonda ukuba ayiyonto imbi kangako. Usenokungaze uyifune unyango lwayo. Ukuba ibangela iimpawu, ungazilawula ngamayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha okanye amaconsi amehlo. Ugqirha wakho uza kuyijonga aze akuxelele ukuba bayakucebisa ukuba uyisuse.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, ke, nazi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule koko sithethe ngako:

• I-pterygium yintsholongwane engenamhlaza, efana nenyama ekhula kwinxalenye emhlophe yeliso.
• Isizathu esiphambili kukuvezwa ixesha elide elangeni (imisebe ye-UV), uthuli, nomoya.
• Iimpawu zingabandakanya ukuba bomvu, ukurhawuzelela, ukutsha, ukuziva ngathi kukho into ebambekileyo elisweni, mhlawumbi nokubona izinto ezingacacanga.
• Ayizizo zonke ezifuna unyango. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba zichaphazela umbono okanye ziphazamisa kakhulu iliso, zingasuswa ngotyando.
• Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukusebenzisa iiglasi zelanga, ukunxiba umnqwazi, nokunyamekela amehlo akho. Oku kunokunceda ekuthinteleni ukuba akhule aze alawule ukukhula kwamehlo akho akhoyo.
• Ukuba unale mpawu, ungoyiki ukubona ugqirha wamehlo ukuze ufumane ingcebiso. Emva koko ungafumanisa ukuba yeyiphi ekulungeleyo.

Ngoko ke, amehlo ayinto exabisekileyo kakhulu. Ngoko ke, luxanduva lwethu ukuwanyamekela kakuhle.

I- Papilloma, i-Conjunctiva, i-Pterygium, i-Surfer's Eye, izifo zamehlo, ukubona kwamehlo, ukukhanya kwelanga