Ngaba wakha wakufumanisa kunzima ukuphefumla ngequbuliso, waziva intlungu ebukhali esifubeni sakho xa uphefumla nzulu? Okanye wakha waziva intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza, ibila, kwaye ixhala ngaphandle kwesizathu? Nangona sihlala sicinga oku njengokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, kunokuba yinto eyahlukileyo kakhulu kwaye inokuba yingozi kakhulu. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko embi kangaka, kodwa esindisa ubomi ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Pulmonary Embolism'.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Pulmonary Embolism?
I-Pulmonary Embolism (PE) yi -blood clot eyenzeka kwimithambo yegazi (umthambo) enika igazi kwimiphunga yakho. Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza, "I-blood clot yakheka njani kwimiphunga?" Inyani yile, le blood clot ayikheki kwimiphunga. Izihlandlo ezininzi, yenzeka kwenye indawo emzimbeni wethu, ingakumbi kwimithambo enzulu yemilenze okanye iingalo zethu. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT).
Cinga ngemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wakho njengothungelwano lweendlela. Eli hlwili legazi elenzeka emlenzeni wakho, njengemoto, lihamba ngaloo ndlela lihamba negazi, lidlule entliziyweni, lize ekugqibeleni libambeke kumthambo wegazi omncinci emiphungeni. Kufana nemoto enkulu ebambeke kwindlela encinci.
Xa igazi liqhekeka emiphungeni, kwenzeka izinto ezintathu eziphambili:
1. Ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya emiphungeni kuthintelwe.
2. Amanqanaba eoksijini emiphungeni ayancipha.
3. Uxinzelelo lwegazi luyanda kwimithambo yegazi edibene nemiphunga.
Le yingxamiseko yezonyango. Ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza, inokubangela umonakalo entliziyweni okanye emaphaphu kwanokufa. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba malunga nesithathu (33%) sabantu abanale meko bafa ngaphambi kokuba baxilongwe baze banyangwe.
Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ukuba esi sifo sifunyenwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye sinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, le meko ayifane ibulale.
Zithini iimpawu zale meko? Nika ingqalelo ngokukhawuleza!
Iimpawu ze-pulmonary embolism (PE) zinokwahluka kumntu nomntu. Kuxhomekeke kubukhulu be-blood clot kunye nemiphumo enayo. Abanye abantu basenokungabi nazo kwaphela iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantu luya kuba neempawu enye okanye ezingaphezulu.
Iimpawu eziphambili neziphambili kukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo ngequbuliso kunye nentlungu yesifuba eyandayo ngokuphefumla nzulu okanye ngomgudu.
Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza. Kungcono ukuya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele. Unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokufa.
Itheyibhile engezantsi ibonisa ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zale meko.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla ngequbuliso | Nokuba uhleli nje apho ungenzi nto, ungaziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo ngequbuliso. |
| Intlungu ebukhali esifubeni | Le ntlungu iyanda xa uphefumla, ukhohlela, okanye ugobile. Ngamanye amaxesha ingavakala ngathi yintlungu yokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Ingavela esifubeni, engalweni, egxalabeni, entanyeni, okanye kumhlathi. |
| Ukukhwehlela | Kusenokubakho negazi eliphuma kunye nomkhwinya. |
| Ukubetha kwentliziyo | Isantya sentliziyo (ukubetha kwentliziyo) sinokunyuka ngequbuliso. |
| Ukudinwa okanye ukuquleka | Usenokubakho isiyezi , ukuquleka, okanye nokulahlekelwa zingqondo. |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Ukubila kakhulu, ulusu olukhanyayo okanye oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuphefumla okuncinci, kunye noxinzelelo olungachazekiyo. |
Kwabanye abantu, ezi mpawu zinokukhula kancinci kancinci emva kweentsuku okanye iiveki. Iimpawu ziya zisiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantu, iimpawu eziqatha ziyavela kwimizuzu embalwa emva kokuqala kwesi sifo.
Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?
Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, i-Pulmonary Embolism (PE) ibangelwa kukuqhekeka kwegazi (DVT) okwenziwa kwenye indawo emzimbeni, ingakumbi emilenzeni, kuqhekeke kuze kubambeke emiphungeni. Ngoko ke, nantoni na enokubangela ukuba la mahlwili egazi avele inokubangela i-PE.
Ezinye zezizathu eziphambili:
- Ukugcina umzimba ungashukumi ixesha elide: Xa uhlala ebhedini emva kotyando, okanye xa uhlala kwindawo efanayo ngexesha lokuhamba ngenqwelo moya ende okanye ngebhasi, ukujikeleza kwegazi emilenzeni kunokucotha kwaye kunokwenziwa amahlwili egazi.
- Ukonakala kwemithambo: Iingozi, ukwaphuka (ingakumbi isinqe, idolo, okanye umlenze), kunye notyando olukhulu lunokonakalisa imithambo kwaye lonyuse umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi.
- Ezinye iimeko zempilo: Iimeko ezifana nokusilela kwentliziyo, umhlaza, kunye nesifo sohlangothi.
- Utshintsho ekujiyeni kwegazi: Abanye abantu banokuba neengxaki zofuzo zokujiya kwegazi. Kwakhona, le ngozi inokwanda kancinci kubantu abathatha iipilisi zokulawula ukuzala okanye unyango lokutshintshwa kweehomoni.
Apha ngezantsi kukho abanye abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuba nale meko. Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zinto ziyingozi, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.
- Ukuba okanye ukuba negazi elijiyileyo emlenzeni (Deep Vein Thrombosis - DVT).
- Utyando okanye ukuba sebhedini ixesha elide.
- Ukutshaya.
- Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-60 ubudala.
- Ukukhulelwa okanye iiveki zokuqala ezi-6 emva kokubeleka.
- Ukuba nomhlaza.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza e-hormone afana neepilisi zokulawula ukukhulelwa.
- Ukutyeba kakhulu - Isalathisi sobunzima bomzimba (i-BMI) engaphezulu kwama-30.
- Ukuba nembali yosapho yokuba neehlwili zegazi.
- Ukuba nezinye izifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nesifo seswekile nesifo sentliziyo.
- Ukuba ne-catheter yemithambo yegazi ephakathi ixesha elide (ityhubhu efakwe emthanjeni engalweni okanye emlenzeni) ukuhambisa izinto ezifana ne-saline.
Ungasixilonga njani esi sifo? (Ukuxilongwa)
Xa usiya esibhedlele, ugqirha uza kuhlola ngononophelo iimpawu zakho kunye nezinto ezikubangela umngcipheko. Emva koko, baya kuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo.
| Uvavanyo | Kalula nje, yintoni eyenzayo? |
|---|---|
| Uvavanyo lwegazi | Nantsi uvavanyo lwe-D-dimerOlu vavanyo lukhethekile. Lulinganisa iproteni eveliswa xa ihlwili legazi linyibilika emzimbeni. Ukuba eli nqanaba liphantsi, amathuba okuba ne-PE aphantsi. |
| I-CT Angiogram | Olu luvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-CT scan. Idayi ekhethekileyo (umahluko) ifakwa emthanjeni osengalweni yakho, kwaye kuthathwe imifanekiso yemithambo yegazi emiphungeni yakho enamacala amathathu (3D). Ukuba kukho ihlwili legazi, libonakala ngokucacileyo. |
| I-Ultrasound Scan yemilenze | Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukujonga ukuba akukho mahlwili egazi (DVT) kwimithambo enzulu yemilenze. Ukuba kukho i-DVT, isenokuba yimbangela yeempawu zemiphunga. |
| Ezinye iimvavanyo | Ukongeza, kwenziwa i-X-ray yesifuba, i-Echocardiogram yokujonga ukusebenza kwentliziyo, kunye ne-pulse oximeter yokulinganisa amanqanaba eoksijini. |
Iphathwa njani?
Unyango lwe-PE ludla ngokwenziwa esibhedlele, njengoko imeko yakho kufuneka ijongwe ngokusondeleyo. Ubude bonyango buxhomekeke kubukhali behlwili legazi.
Unyango oluphambili kukunika amayeza athintela ukujiya kwegazi . Siwabiza la mayeza okulwa nokujiya kwegazi okanye amayeza okunciphisa igazi .
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba la mayeza awayinyibilikisi imixokelelwane yegazi ekhoyo. Athintela kuphela ukwakheka kwemixokelelwane yegazi emitsha kunye nemixokelelwane ekhoyo ukuba ingabi mikhulu. Imixokelelwane ekhoyo iyanyibilika kancinci kancinci ngeenkqubo zendalo zomzimba.
- Amayeza okulwa nokugabha igazi: La mayeza anikwa njengeenaliti okanye iipilisi. Kusenokufuneka uwathathe la mayeza kangangeenyanga ezi-3-6, okanye ngamanye amaxesha nangaphezulu. Musa ukuyeka ukuwathatha la mayeza nangasiphi na isizathu ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha wakho ekuxelele ukuba wenjenjalo.
- Unyango lweThrombolytic: Olu lunyango olunikwa kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu nezisongela ubomi. La mayeza asebenza ngokunyibilikisa igazi ngokukhawuleza. Anikwa phantsi kweliso elibukhali ngoogqirha abakwiyunithi yokhathalelo olunzulu (ICU).
- Ezinye iindlela:Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba amayeza awanelanga, kunokufuneka utyando okanye i-catheter ukuze kususwe ihlwili. Enye indlela kukufaka iVena Cava Filter. Le isetyenziselwa ukucoca nokubamba amahlwili egazi emilenzeni ngaphambi kokuba afike emiphungeni.
- Iisokisi zokucinezelwa: Ugqirha wakho unokukucebisa ukuba unxibe ezi ntlobo zikhethekileyo zeesokisi ukuze ugcine ukujikeleza kwegazi kakuhle emilenzeni yakho.
Ngaba le meko ingaphetshwa?
Ewe, kunokwenzeka kakhulu. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo apha kukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi.
- Yiba ngumntu okhutheleyo: Zilolonge yonke imihla. Ukuba uhleli ixesha elide (iinqwelomoya, uhambo ngebhasi, umsebenzi weofisi), vuka uhambehamba ubuncinane kanye ngeyure, ushukumisa imilenze neengalo zakho.
- Kuphephe ukunxiba impahla eqinileyo: Ukunxiba impahla eqinileyo kunokuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi.
- Musa ukunqumla imilenze yakho: Kuphephe ukuhlala unqumle imilenze yakho ixesha elide.
- Gcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo.
- Sela amanzi amaninzi: Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunokubangela ukuba igazi lijiye.
- Qaphela izinto ezikubangela umngcipheko: Ukuba uye watyandwa, ukhulelwe, okanye unezinye izinto ezikubangela umngcipheko, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga namanyathelo onokuwathatha ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi.
Ufanele uqale ukuziva ungcono kwiveki emva konyango. Nangona kunjalo, kungathatha iinyanga okanye iminyaka ukuba ihlwili linyibilike ngokupheleleyo. Ngeli xesha, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Pulmonary embolism (PE) yi-blood clot eyenzeka kwimithambo yegazi emiphungeni. Le yingxamiseko yezonyango enokuba yingozi ebomini.
- Ukuphefumla okukhawulezileyo, iintlungu zesifuba xa uphefumla nzulu, kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza zezona mpawu ziphambili. Ukuba ezi zinto ziyenzeka, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- La mahlwili egazi adla ngokwenzeka emilenzeni (DVT). Ukungakwazi ukuhamba ixesha elide, utyando, ukutshaya, kunye nokutyeba kakhulu zezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela umngcipheko.
- Amathuba okusindisa ubomi aphezulu kakhulu xa isifo sichongiwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye sinyangwa ngemithi yokunciphisa igazi.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusela amayeza owanikwe ngugqirha wakho ixesha lonke kwaye ulandele imiyalelo enikiweyo ukuthintela ukuba le meko ingaphindi ivele.
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