Umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, kunye nomphimbo obuhlungu zizifo eziqhelekileyo esizifumana rhoqo. Sonke siyazi ukungakhululeki kwempumlo exineneyo, impumlo egobhozayo, kunye nomphimbo obuhlungu. Oku kudla ngokwenzeka xa usulelo lungena kwinkqubo yethu yokuphefumla ephezulu. Kwizonyango, esi simo sibizwa ngokuba lusulelo lokuphefumla oluphezulu, okanye ngesiNgesi, 'Upper Respiratory Infection', okanye i-URI ngamafutshane. Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokulula namhlanje.
Yintoni kanye kanye intsholongwane yokuphefumla ephezulu (i-URI)?
Ngamafutshane, i-URI lusulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane okanye iibhaktheriya ezingena kwindlela yakho yokuphefumla ephezulu, equka impumlo yakho, ii-sinuses, kunye nomqala .
Cinga ngomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Lo ngowona mzekelo ubalaseleyo woku. Yi-URI ebangelwa yintsholongwane. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ezi ntsholongwane zinokubangelwa ziintsholongwane. Umzekelo, i-strep throat, olusulelo lomphimbo, lubangelwa ziintsholongwane. Kwaye kukho ezinye iintsholongwane, ezifana ne-influenza (umkhuhlane), i-COVID-19, kunye ne-RSV, ezinokuchaphazela zombini iindawo eziphezulu nezisezantsi zenkqubo yethu yokuphefumla (imiphunga).
Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zoku?
Iimpawu zolu sulelo zixhomekeke ekubeni lukuyiphi indawo usulelo kunye nokuba yintoni ebangele ukuba lube yiyo. Umzekelo, iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo olukuyo usulelo (pharyngitis) okanye indawo olukuyo usulelo (laryngitis).
Ngezantsi kukho ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo ezinokubonwa.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo encinci |
|---|---|
| Ifiva | Ndiziva ndishushu. |
| Umqala obuhkungu | Umphimbo obuhlungu, ukurhawuzelela, intlungu xa uginya. |
| Ukukhwehlela | Ukukhwehlela nokuba kukho okanye akukho phlegm. |
| Impumlo egobhozayo okanye impumlo exineneyo | Le yinto eyaziwa ngumntu wonke. |
| Ukuthimla | Ukuthimla rhoqo. |
| Ukurhawuzela kwelizwi | Ilizwi litshintshile, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukungakwazi ukuthetha. |
| Ndiziva ndidiniwe | Ndizive ndingenakunceda nto kwaye ndingakwazi kwenza nto. |
| Intlungu yobuso | Ukuva iintlungu, ingakumbi ejikeleze impumlo, phantsi kwamehlo, nakwibunzi. |
| Ukuphefumla | Isandi esincinci somlozi esiphuma esifubeni xa uphefumla. |
| Ukudumba kweqatha | Ukudumba kwama-lymph nodes kumacala omabini entamo. |
Kutheni sifumana ezi zifo?
Uninzi lwexesha, ezi zifo zokuphefumla eziphezulu zibangelwa ziintsholongwane , kodwa njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, zinokubangelwa ziibhaktheriya kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iifungi.
Nazi ezinye zezizathu eziphambili:
- Iintsholongwane ezibangela umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo
- Intsholongwane ye-Influenza A kunye ne-B (umkhuhlane)
- Intsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
- Intsholongwane ye-Respiratory Syncytial (RSV)
- Iibhaktheriya ezifana neStreptococcus
- Intsholongwane yeHaemophilus influenzae
- Intsholongwane iMoraxella catarrhalis
- Iifungi ezifana ne-Aspergillus (ezi azifumaneki kakhulu)
Ingaba esi sifo siyasulela?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo.Iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya ezibangela ezi URIs zinokusasazeka ngokulula ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Makhe sibone ukuba zinjani:
- Ngamathontsi okuphefumla: Ngamathontsi amancinci amathe akhutshwa emlonyeni nasempumlweni yomntu osulelekileyo xa ekhohlela, ethimla, okanye ethetha.
- Ngokwabelana ngezinto ezisetyenziswayo: Ngokwabelana ngezinto ezifana neekomityi, iibhotile zamanzi, izixhobo zokutya, njl.njl. nomntu osulelekileyo.
- Ngokuchukumisa iindawo ezingcoliswe ziintsholongwane: Izibambo zomnyango, izitshixo zokukhanyisa, iifowuni, kunye nezinto zokudlala zingcoliswa ziintsholongwane. Ukuba uzichukumisa uze uchukumise impumlo yakho, umlomo, okanye amehlo ngesandla esinye, ungosuleleka.
Kodwa khumbula, izifo zokuphefumla eziphezulu ezibangelwa yifungi aziqhelekanga ukudluliselwa ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.
Ngaba oku kungabangela iingxaki eziyingozi?
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba i-URI, njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, ayifane ibangele iingxaki ezinkulu.
Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ezi zifo zinokusasazeka ziye emiphungeni, zibangele izifo ezifana ne -pneumonia . Kwaye ukuba azinyangwa, izifo, ingakumbi iintsholongwane okanye i-fungus, zinokusasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, zibangele izifo ezinzulu ezifana nezi:
- I-Meningitis
- Umkhuhlane werheumatic
- umkhuhlane ombi
- Ityhefu yegazi (iSepsis)
- Umonakalo wamalungu omzimba
Ukuba unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala, okanye ungumntwana osandul’ ukuzalwa, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana ezi ngxaki.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?
Uninzi lwexesha, i-URI elula iya kuba bhetele kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko apho kufuneka ufune ingcebiso kagqirha. Makhe sijonge ngokusondeleyo ukuba zeziphi ezo meko.
| Uzakumbona nini ugqirha wakho | |
|---|---|
| Ukuba iimpawu zinzima | Ukuba uziva ungcono kunomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, ukuba udiniwe kakhulu ukuba ungenza nemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. |
| Ukuba ihlala ngaphezulu kweeveki ezimbini | Usulelo oluqhelekileyo lwentsholongwane luya kulunga kwiveki enye okanye ezimbini. Nantoni na ehlala ixesha elide kunoko ithetha ukuba lusulelo lwebhaktiriya okanye enye ingxaki yempilo. |
| Ukuba kwenzeka rhoqo | Ukuba olu hlobo losulelo luqhubeka lusenzeka kangangeenyanga eziliqela, kubalulekile ukujonga ukuba kukho esinye isizathu esibangela oku. |
| Ukuba unale mpawu, yiya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko. | |
| Umkhuhlane ophezulu | Ukuba umkhuhlane ungaphezulu kwama-40 degrees Celsius (103 Fahrenheit). |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla | Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla okanye uziva ngathi uyafuthaniseka. |
| Iintlungu zesifuba | Ukuba isifuba sakho sivakala siqinile okanye sibuhlungu. |
| Izandi ezingaqhelekanga xa uphefumla | Ukuba kukho ukuphefumla okanye i-stridor. |
| Isiyezi okanye ukuba nentloko ebuhlungu | Ukuba uziva unesiyezi , udidekile, okanye ingqondo yakho itshintshile. |
| Ukurhoxiswa | Ukuba ulusu oluphakathi kweembambo zesifuba lutsalela ngaphakathi xa uphefumla, olu luphawu loxinzelelo olukhulu lokuphefumla. |
Iphathwa njani?
Unyango loku luxhomekeke kwisizathu sosulelo.
- Usulelo lwentsholongwane:Akukho nyango luthile lwe-URIs ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane, njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Okufuneka ukwenze kukuvumela umzimba wakho ukuba uziphilise ngokwawo ngenkqubo yawo yokuzikhusela. Oku kuquka ukuphumla ngokwaneleyo, ukusela amanzi amaninzi kunye nolwelo . Iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye neentlungu zomzimba zinokunyangwa ngamayeza anjenge-paracetamol. Ezi zihlala ziphela kwiveki okanye ezimbini.
- Usulelo lweentsholongwane: Kwisifo esibangelwa ziintsholongwane, njengosulelo lwe-strep throat, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane .
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuba amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane awasebenzi kwiintsholongwane . Ngoko ke, musa ukuwasela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha. Ukwenza njalo kuya kubangela iziphumo ezibi emzimbeni kwaye kunokukhokelela ekuchaseni amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, nto leyo eya kuthintela amayeza ukuba angasebenzi kakuhle kwixesha elizayo. Ukuba ugqirha unika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, kufuneka uwasebenzise yonke imihla emiselweyo, nokuba uzive ungcono.
Ungaziphepha njani ezi zifo?
Kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezilula esinokuzenza ukuze sihlale sikhuselekile kwezi zifo.
- Fumana ugonyo olucetyiswayo: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugonyelwa izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye ne-COVID-19.
- Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle rhoqo: Ziqhelise ukuhlamba izandla zakho ngesepha ubuncinane imizuzwana engama-20.
- Sebenzisa isibulali-ntsholongwane: Gcina izinto eziphathwa rhoqo ezifana nezibambo zomnyango, izitshixo zokukhanyisa, kunye neefowuni zicocekile.
- Musa ukwabelana ngokutya neziselo: sebenzisa iikomityi zakho, izixhobo kunye neefolokhwe.
- Ukuba uyagula, nxiba imaski: Ukuba unomkhuhlane, ukunxiba imaski xa uphakathi kwabanye abantu kunokunceda ekuthinteleni ukusasaza esi sifo kwabanye.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Uninzi lwezifo zokuphefumla eziphezulu (ii-URI) zibangelwa ziintsholongwane, ezifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Azisoloko zinzima kwaye ziyaphela ngokwazo ngokuphumla kunye nolwelo.
- Ii-antibiotics zisebenza kuphela ngokuchasene nosulelo lweentsholongwane. Azinampembelelo kwiintsholongwane. Ngoko ke, zisebenzise kuphela xa unikwe ngugqirha.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezinzima ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla, umkhuhlane ophezulu, iintlungu zesifuba, okanye ukudideka, ungathandabuzi ukuya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Iindlela ezilula zococeko ezifana nokuhlamba izandla rhoqo zinokunceda ekuthinteleni ukusasazeka kwezi ntlobo zosulelo.
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