Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci uvakalelwa kukuba akakuthandi? Isenokuba yiReactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)!

BoMama nooTata, ngaba nikhe nabona okanye nava ngabantwana abancinci abangabonisi thando okanye uthando kubanakekeli babo, kwanabazali babo? Kungathi bodwa kwihlabathi labo. Le yimeko ebuhlungu kakhulu, kwaye kukho ingcaciso yezonyango ngayo. Namhlanje sithetha ngemeko enjalo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD).'

Yintoni i-'Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)'?

Ngamafutshane, i-'Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)' yimeko apho umntwana omncinci engakwazi ukwakha ubudlelwane obusempilweni beemvakalelo nabanakekeli bakhe, njengomama noyise. Isizathu esiphambili soku kukuba umntwana akazange afumane uthando olufanelekileyo lweemvakalelo kunye nokhuseleko kwiminyaka yakhe yokuqala, okanye wayengakhathalelwanga okanye waxhatshazwa. Abantwana abane-'RAD' banengxaki yokulawula iimvakalelo zabo. Banengxaki enkulu yokwakha ubudlelwane obusondeleyo nabanye. Okumangalisayo kukuba, ngamanye amaxesha nangona abanakekeli babo benothando nobubele, aba bantwana basenokungasondeli kubo, kwaye banokubonakala besoyika.

Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokufumana i-'Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)'?

Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci abangakhathalelwanga okanye abaxhatshazwayo ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokweemvakalelo. Nangona kunjalo, inokuchaphazela nabantwana abadala. Abantwana abasengozini enkulu yokufumana i-RAD ngaba:

• Abantu abaninzi abanyamekela abantwana: Khawucinge ngomntwana ofuduswa kwenye indawo yokuhlala eyondliwe, okanye ukusuka kwenye intsapho eyondliwe, aze angakwazi ukwakha ulwalamano oluhlala luhleli nomntu.
• Ukwahlukana emva kokunamathelana: Emva kokuba umntwana ebonakalise ulwalamano oluhle ngokweemvakalelo nomnakekeli wakhe oyintloko, kufuneka ahlukane naye.
• Ukulahlekelwa yintlungu ebomini bakhe: Ukuba umntwana ufumana iilahleko ezininzi ezinkulu okanye iingxaki emncinci angakwaziyo ukuzithwala.
• Abazali abangazamiyo ukuba kufutshane ngokweemvakalelo: Abanye abazali okanye abanakekeli abenzi mzamo wokuba kufutshane ngokweemvakalelo nomntwana wabo.
• Ukusekwa kwesikolo: Ukuba kufuneka uchithe ixesha kwindawo efana nekhaya leenkedama, ngaphandle kothando lobuzali.

Ngamanye amaxesha, abazali abakhulisa umntwana, bengazi nto ingako ngexesha elidlulileyo lomntwana, banokukufumanisa kunzima ukusondelana nalo mntwana mtsha kusapho. Ingakumbi ukuba umntwana unengxaki yokungazinzi ngokweemvakalelo. Ukuba ungumzali omtsha, umntwana wakho ubonisa iimpawu ze-'RAD', okanye unengxaki yokunxibelelana nomntwana wakho, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha womntwana wakho kwaye uhlolwe oku.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-`Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)`?

Enyanisweni, kunzima ukutsho ukuba oku kuqheleke kangakanani, njengoko uninzi lweemeko zingaxelwa. Nangona kunjalo, kuqikelelwa ukuba phakathi kwe-1% kunye ne-2% yabantwana banokuba ne-RAD. Abantwana abasuswayo emakhayeni abo baze babekwe kwezinye iindawo, njengeendawo zokugcina iinkedama, banamathuba amaninzi okufumana i-RAD. Malunga nesiqingatha saba bantwana banengxaki yokwakha ubudlelwane nabanye ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Zithini iimpawu ze-`Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)`?

Iimpawu ze-RAD zingahluka kumntwana ngamnye, kodwa ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo ezibonakala kwiintsana nabantwana abancinci ziquka:

• Ukungabonisi iimvakalelo ezintle: Xa bekunye nabanye, ababonisi iimvakalelo ezintle ezifana nentuthuzelo, uthando, nolonwabo.
• Ukuphepha ukudibana emehlweni nokuqhagamshelana ngokwasemzimbeni: Ukungafuni ukujonga umntu emehlweni okanye ukumchukumisa.
• Ukubonisa uloyiko nomsindo: Ukusoloko unomsindo, ulila, kwaye ulusizi.
• Ukuzama ukulawula: Bazama ukulawula izinto ezibangqongileyo. Oku kubakhokelela ekubeni baphule imithetho.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-'Inhibited Reactive Attachment Disorder' kunye ne-'Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED)'?

Esinye isifo esinxulumene ne-'Inhibited Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)' yi-'Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED).' Kodwa kukho umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini. Masibone ukuba ziyintoni.

`RAD` (Ithintelwe)

Abantwana abane-'RAD' bayayazi into eyenzekayo ebangqongileyo, kodwa abaphenduli ngokweemvakalelo kuyo. Ababonisi okanye bafune uthando kubanakekeli okanye kwabanye abantu. Bakhetha ukuba bodwa. Iimpawu ziquka:

• Ukuphepha abanakekeli.
• Ukuzigcina kude neemeko zentlalo.
• Ayinazo izinto ezithuthuzelayo (umz., ukugonwa).

`DSED` (Ayithintelwanga - ivulelekile ngaphandle, kodwa ayinamiqathango)

Abantwana abane-'Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED)' banokuba nobuhlobo kakhulu nabantu abangabaziyo. Basenokubalandela ngaphandle kokubabuza abazali babo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, aba bantwana baziphatha bebancinci kunobudala babo kwaye banokufuna uthando kwabanye ngendlela engaqinisekanga. Iimpawu zezi:

• Akukho nxibelelwano lukhethiweyo (njengaye nabani na).
• Ukufuna ingqalelo evela kuye wonke umntu.
• Ukuziphatha ngendlela engafanelanga iminyaka yomntu.
• Akayiqondi imida yoluntu.

Umzekelo, umntwana one-'RAD' usenokuzikhupha kwabanye ethekweni aze ahlale ekhoneni yedwa. Kodwa umntwana one-'DSED' uya kusondela kuye aze athethe nabo bonke abantu angabaziyo, mhlawumbi ade akhwele emadolweni abo. Bobabini baneengxaki zokunamathelana ezisempilweni, kodwa indlela abaziveza ngayo yahlukile.

Zithini izizathu ze-'Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)'?

Akukho sizathu sithile sokuba abantwana abane-RAD babe nale meko.Izifundo zibonisa ukuba kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba umntwana angakwazi ukunxibelelana nabantu abamnyamekelayo:

• Ukuxhatshazwa okanye ukungakhathalelwa: Umntwana uziva elahliwe kwaye eyedwa. Umzekelo, ukuba abazali balwa rhoqo kwaye abamjongi umntwana, umntwana akafumani uthando nothando aludingayo.
• Ukungondleki kakuhle kokutya: Xa umntwana engafumani kutya namanzi aneleyo, nto leyo eyimfuneko esisiseko.
• Iingxaki zokhuseleko: Ukuba umntwana uziva esoyika ukuba usengozini.
• Ukungabikho kococeko: Umntwana uhlala kwiinapukeni ezimanzi kangangeeyure, ukuba akukho mntu uzitshintshayo.
• Utshintsho oluhlala lusenzeka kubantu abanyamekela abantwana: Umntwana usenokungazi ukuba makathembe bani.
• Ukunyamekela umntwana ngokungaguquguqukiyo: Ukuba iimfuno zomntwana ziyafezekiswa ngamaxesha athile, ingakumbi ukuba umntwana akazi ukuba ulindele nini uthando nentuthuzelo evela kubanakekeli.

Abantwana abancinci bakha ulwalamano olusempilweni xa iimfuno zabo ezisisiseko zifezekiswa rhoqo nangokungaguquguqukiyo . Oku kwakha ukuthembana phakathi komntwana nabanakekeli. Ukuba iimfuno zomntwana zomzimba nezeemvakalelo azifezekiswa ngokufanelekileyo, basengozini yokuphuhlisa i-'RAD'.

Ifunyanwa njani i-`Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)`?

Ukuze kuchongwe i-RAD, ugqirha womntwana wakho uza kukubuza ngembali yezonyango yomntwana wakho kunye neempawu azibonisayo umntwana wakho. Ukuze aqonde ngcono iimpawu zomntwana wakho, ugqirha unokubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngaba umntwana wakho wakha waxhatshazwa okanye washiywa ngaphandle?
• Uqale nini ukuqaphela ezi mpawu?
• Ziziphi iimpawu ozibonileyo kuqala?
• Ulwalamano phakathi kwakho nomntwana wakho lunjani?
• Injani imeko yakho yokuphila?
• Ngaba bakhona abanye abantu abanyamekela umntwana?

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba une-RAD, mhlawumbi uza kukuthumela wena nomntwana wakho kugqirha wabantwana, kwingcali yezengqondo, nakwingcali yezengqondo ukuze akuncede ekuxilongeni imeko yomntwana wakho aze akucebise ngonyango olunokunceda.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukubhidanisa i-`Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)` kunye ne-`Autism Spectrum Disorder`?

Ngaphambi kokuba agqibe kwelokuba umntwana une-'RAD', ugqirha uza kwenza uvavanyo ukuze asuse ezinye izizathu, ingakumbi iimeko ezifana ne-'Autism Spectrum Disorder'. I-'Autism Spectrum Disorder' yimeko yokukhula echaphazela indlela umntu aziphethe ngayo kunye nonxibelelwano. ...

Iphathwa njani i-`Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)`?

Eyona nto iphambili ekunyangeni i-RAD kukudala ubudlelwane obusempilweni ngokweemvakalelo phakathi kwabantwana kunye nabanakekeli babo.kunye/okanye ukubuyisela ubudlelwane oboyikisayo nobunzima. Olu nyango luyamqinisa umntwana ngokweemvakalelo, nto leyo enceda umntwana ukuba akhe ubudlelwane obusempilweni nabanye. Abantwana kunye nabanakekeli bayazuza kwezi zicwangciso zonyango. Unyango lungabandakanya:

• Unyango lwengqondo/Ingcebiso: Umcebisi wezempilo yengqondo usebenza nomntwana kunye nabazali ukubanceda baphuhlise izakhono ezisempilweni zeemvakalelo kwaye banciphise iindlela zokuziphatha ezinengxaki eziphazamisana nobudlelwane.
• Unyango loSapho: Oku kubandakanya abanakekeli abaphambili kunye nomntwana besebenzisana ukunceda ekuphuhliseni iindlela eziphilileyo zokusebenzisana.
• Ungenelelo kwiZakhono zoLuntu: Olu nyango lufundisa umntwana indlela yokuziphatha ngokufanelekileyo nabanye abantwana abaneminyaka efanayo kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zentlalo. Abazali nabo bayabandakanyeka koku, benceda umntwana ukuba asebenzise ezi zakhono azifundileyo ngaphandle konyango.
• Imfundo Ekhethekileyo: Ukuba umntwana uyayidinga, iinkqubo zesikolo zinokunceda abantwana bafunde izakhono abazidingayo ukuze baphumelele kwizifundo nakwezentlalo.
• Iiklasi zeZakhono zoBuzali: Kwezi seshoni, abazali banokufunda iindlela ezisebenzayo zokulawula ukuziphatha okunzima komntwana wabo.

Ngaba kukho ezinye iingxaki ezinokunxulunyaniswa ne-`Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)`?

Ewe, abantwana abane-'RAD' basengozini enkulu yokufumana iingxaki ezahlukeneyo ngexesha lobuntwana babo kunye nokufikisa ngenxa yokungakhathalelwa kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokweemvakalelo, nangokwentlalo. Ezi ngxaki zingabandakanya:

• Ukulibaziseka kweziganeko zophuhliso kunye nokuncipha kokukhula komzimba.
• Iingxaki zeemvakalelo, umzekelo, ukudakumba, ixhala, isifo soxinzelelo emva kwesiganeko esibuhlungu (PTSD), kunye neengxaki zokulawula umsindo.
• Iingxaki zokutya.
• Iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi.
• Iingxaki esikolweni (iingxaki zokufunda kunye/okanye zokuziphatha).
• Iingxaki kubudlelwane (noontanga, abantu abadala, emva koko amaqabane).
• Iindlela zokuziphatha ezinobungozi, umzekelo ukubandakanyeka kwizenzo zesondo uselula okanye rhoqo.

Umntwana wam uza kuba nobudlelwane obusempilweni emva konyango ixesha elingakanani?

Ngaphandle konyango, abantwana abane-RAD banokuba neempawu baze babe badala. Oku kunokuchaphazela indlela abasebenza ngayo eluntwini. Unyango yinkqubo yexesha elide enika inkxaso yeemvakalelo kumntwana. Lusenokufuneka ubomi bonke. Akukho xesha limiselweyo lokuba umntwana wakho uza kuba nobudlelwane obusempilweni nini. Nangona kunjalo, unyango oluxhaswa ngabanakekeli luvelisa iziphumo ezilungileyo.

Ungayithintela njani i-`Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)`?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela i-RAD kukunceda abantwana bakhe ubudlelwane obuhle nabazali babo kunye/okanye nabanye abanakekeli abaphambili. Ubudlelwane obusempilweni buyakheka xa abanakekeli besenza oku kulandelayo:

• Ukukhuthaza ulwalamano losapho ngobudlelwane obuzinzileyo nobukhuselekileyo.
• Ukwenza abantwana bazive bethandwa kwaye bamkelekile.
• Ukuxhasa abantwana kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okukhula kwabo.
• Soloko uhlangabezana neemfuno ezisisiseko zomntwana.

Ndingamnceda njani umntwana wam ukuba akhe ubudlelwane obuhle?

Njengomnakekeli, ungamnceda umntwana wakho ukuba abe nolwalamano olusempilweni ngokuthi:

• Ukubeka imida: Indawo ehlala ihleli ilungele bonke abantwana. Ke ngoko, ukubeka imida kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngemida efanelekileyo kunye noqeqesho olufanelekileyo, olungelulo olomzimba, abantwana bayaqonda oko kulindelekileyo kubo kunye noko kuya kwenzeka ukuba baphula imithetho. Oku kunciphisa uloyiko lwabantwana kwaye kubakhuthaze ukuba baziphathe ngokufanelekileyo.
• Hlala uzolile xa umntwana wakho eziphatha kakubi: Xa umntwana wakho eziphatha kakubi, hlala uzolile; musa ukusabela ukuba unomsindo. Mqeqeshe umntwana wakho ngokwemithetho oyimisele kwangaphambili kwaye umntwana wakho uyazi. Nje ukuba umntwana wakho azole kwaye ekulungele ubudlelwane obuhle, bonisa uthando nobubele. Oku kubonisa umntwana wakho ukuba ukulungele ukumxhasa, nokuba ngamaxesha anzima.
• Bonisa uthando nengqalelo rhoqo: Chitha ixesha wedwa nomntwana wakho. Thetha naye, mculele, dlala naye. Mbambe, mgone, okanye wenze ezinye izinto ezimbonisa uthando nothando oluvela kumntu omnyamekelayo. Nangona kunjalo, khumbula ukuba abanye abantwana basenokungavuleleki kangako kolu hlobo lothando kunabanye. Ukugodla uthando nothando akukaze kube yindlela eyamkelekileyo yokohlwaya.

Yintoni endimele ndiyilindele ukuba ndinomntwana onesifo sokuncamathela esibizwa ngokuba yi-Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)?

Abantwana abaninzi abafumana unyango lwe-RAD bakha ubudlelwane obuzinzileyo nobunempilo nabanakekeli babo abaphambili kunye nabanye abantu ebomini babo. Abantwana abangafumani unyango basengozini yeengxaki eziqhubekayo zeemvakalelo. Ngethamsanqa, akukabi lixesha lokufuna unyango lweemeko zophuhliso nezempilo yengqondo, kuquka ne-RAD. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ezi zinto:

• Abantwana abaninzi abakhuliswe kwiindawo zokugcina iinkedama baphila ubomi obusempilweni nobulungeleleneyo. Asinguye wonke umntwana okhuliswe ekhaya ophuhlisa i-'RAD'.
• Abantwana abakhe bahlangabezana noxinzelelo olukhulu kwixesha elidlulileyo banokuba nezinye izinto ezinokubangela iingxaki zempilo yengqondo kunye nokuziphatha. Umzekelo, ukuchatshazelwa ziziyobisi okanye utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa, okanye imbali yosapho yokuphazamiseka kweemvakalelo, kunokubangela i-RAD.

Lingakanani ixesha elikho i-`Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)`?

Ingxaki Yokunamathela Esabelayo (i-RAD) yimeko ehlala ubomi bonke. Nangona kunjalo, unyango kunye nenkxaso zinokunceda umntwana ukuba akhe ubudlelwane obusempilweni ubomi bakhe bonke, kwaye zinokuphucula impilo-ntle yakhe yeemvakalelo kunye nentlalo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uqaphela ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokwakha ubudlelwane obuqhelekileyo, okanye ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu ze-'Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)' kumntwana wakho, bona ugqirha womntwana wakho ngoko nangoko ukuze ahlolwe okanye athunyelwe kwingcali. Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokunceda abantwana abanale meko ukuba bafumane iziphumo ezingcono.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

• Ngaba ndifanele ndithumele umntwana wam kwingcebiso?
• Yintoni ebangela ukuba umntwana wam abonise iimpawu ze-'Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD)'?
• Ungandithumela kwingcali okanye kwiqela lenkxaso elisebenza nabantwana kunye neentsapho ezinesifo esinjalo?
• Ngaba iimpawu zomntwana wam ziya kutshintsha njengoko ekhula? Ngaba kukho izinto ekufuneka ndiziqaphele ngokukodwa?

Kubalulekile ukuba nobudlelwane nomntwana wakho kwaye umphathe ngendlela emenza azive ethandwa. Ukuba umntwana wakho akakhulisi ubudlelwane obukhululekileyo ngokweemvakalelo nawe okanye nomnakekeli wakhe oyintloko, bonana nomboneleli wakho oyintloko. Ukufuna ingcebiso okanye unyango akuthethi ukuba ungumzali ombi. Endaweni yoko, kuvula umnyango wokwakha ubudlelwane obuqinileyo, obusempilweni, nobomi bonke nomntwana wakho.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ingxaki Yokunamathela Esabelayo (RAD) ayisiyonto yokungakhathali. Ngokufunyanwa kwangoko, unyango olufanelekileyo, kunye nendawo enothando nezinzileyo, abantwana banokuphila ubomi obonwabisayo nobunempilo. Khumbula:

• Wonke umntwana wahlukile: Asinguye wonke umntwana osabela ngendlela efanayo kunyango. Yiba nomonde kwaye uqonde.
• Awuwedwa: Kukho abanye abazali abadlula kwiimeko ezifanayo. Fumana uncedo koogqirha, abacebisi, kunye namaqela enkxaso.
• Uthando nokuzinza: Eyona nto ingcono onokumnika yona umntwana luthando olungenamiqathango kunye nendawo ezinzileyo nekhuselekileyo.
• Uncedo lobuchwephesha: Ukuba ungathandabuzi, ungabi nazintloni okanye ungoyiki ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha. Lolona ncedo lukhulu onokulunika umntwana wakho.

Sonke sinoxanduva lokubonelela abantwana bethu ngobuntwana obukhuselekileyo nobunothando. Masisebenzeni sonke ukuze sifezekise loo nto!

Ingxaki yokunamathelana okusebenzayo , i-RAD, impilo yengqondo yomntwana, ukunamathelana ngokweemvakalelo, ubudlelwane bomzali nomntwana, ukuxhatshazwa komntwana, ukungahoywa, uphuhliso lomntwana