Ngaba umntwana wakho akahlali phantsi? Ngaba uyasokola engakumameli into oyithethayo? Okanye ngaba utitshala uhlala ekhalaza ngokuba akanikeli ngqalelo eklasini? Nangona oku kunokubonakala ngathi kuqhelekile kubantwana abancinci, ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-ADHD emva koku. Njengomzali, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku. Ngoko ke, masithethe ngale nto namhlanje.
Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili ze-ADHD?
Iimpawu ze-ADHD, okanye i-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, zihlala zibonakala xa umntwana eqala isikolo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ezi mpawu zinokubonakala kwangethuba, xa umntwana eneminyaka emibini okanye emithathu ubudala.
Ezi mpawu zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili:
1. Ukungakhathali : Ubunzima bokugxila kwisifundo okanye kumsebenzi othile.
2. Ukuxakeka kakhulu : Ukungakwazi ukuhlala phantsi, ukusoloko ushukuma, ukungaphumli.
3. Ukungxama: Ukwenza izinto ngequbuliso ngaphandle kokucinga.
Abanye abantwana banokuba neempawu zohlobo olunye kuphela kwezi. Abanye banokuba neempawu zohlobo olunye okanye zonke ezintathu kunye. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-ADHD edibeneyo.
Ngoku makhe sijonge nganye kwezi mpawu ngokwahlukeneyo. Itheyibhile engasezantsi iza kukwenza ucacelwe kakuhle oku.
| Uhlobo lwempawu | Oko uza kukubona |
|---|---|
| Ukungalungelelani | Kunzima ukuhlala ucwangcisile kwaye wenze izinto kakuhle. Ndiyazikhumbula izinto ezifana nomsebenzi wesikolo nomsebenzi weklasi. |
| Iimpazamo ezincinci | Nezona nkcukacha zincinci azinakwa, kwaye kukho iimpazamo ezininzi ezingakhathaliyo ezenziwayo ngexesha lokusebenza. Umsebenzi awuhlali uxakekile. |
| Andimameli | Nangona ubonakala ngathi umamele ngelixa uthetha, ingqondo yakho ikwenye indawo. Uphupha emini. |
| Ukulibala | Ukulibala imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla (umz. ukuya eklasini, ukuphatha ukutya). |
| Ukungakwazi ukuhlala kwindawo enye | Nokuba uhleli esitulweni, akahlali nje apho, uyajikajika aze ajijeke apha naphaya. |
| Ukuhamba/ukubaleka rhoqo | Bayavuka baze bahambehamba nokuba kufanele ukuba bahleli. Babaleka ngamaxesha angafanelekanga baze bakhwele izinto. |
| Ukungakwazi ukusebenza ngokuthula | Kunzima kakhulu ukwenza izinto ezinjengokudlala buthule okanye ukufunda incwadi. |
| Ukungabi namonde | Abakwazi kulinda ithuba labo. Bazama ukuphendula umbuzo ngaphambi kokuba bagqibe. |
| Ukuphazamisa abanye | Bangena ngequbuliso ngelixa abanye bethetha okanye bedlala. Oku kungenza abahlobo babe nomsindo. |
| Ukusebenza ngaphandle kokucinga | Ukwenza izinto ezinobungozi ngaphandle kokucinga ngemiphumo (umz., ukunyuka ngendlela eyingozi). Kukho amathuba aphezulu eengozi. |
Ngaba ingqondo yomntwana one-ADHD yahlukile?
Ewe, kukho umahluko ngandlela ithile. Oku sikubiza ngokuchaseneyo negama elithi 'Neurotypical.' I-Neurotypical ithetha ukusebenza kwengqondo okuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kweengxaki zemithambo-luvo ezifana ne-ADHD.
Ubukhulu kunye nomsebenzi wezinye iindawo zengqondo ezilawula ingqalelo, ucwangciso , kunye neemvakalelo kumntwana one-ADHD unokwahluka kancinci komntwana oqhelekileyo. Kukwakho nomahluko kwindlela iikhemikhali ( ii-neurotransmitters ) ezithwala imiyalezo phakathi kweeseli zengqondo ezisebenza ngayo.
Ngamafutshane, oku akuyongxaki yomntwana, kwaye akuyondlela yokuziphatha engafanelekanga, kwaye akuyondlela abazali abakhuliswe ngayo. Olu lutshintsho oluvela kwibhayoloji ekusebenzeni kwengqondo.
Sifanele siye kugqirha nini?
Ezinye zezi mpawu ziqhelekile, ingakumbi kubantwana abancinci. Asinguye wonke umntwana onengxaki kwaye onengxaki yokunikela ingqalelo one-ADHD.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zichaphazela kakhulu umsebenzi wesikolo womntwana wakho, ubudlelwane bakhe nabahlobo, okanye ubomi basekhaya , kwaye ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba aziqhelekanga, qiniseka ukuba ubonana nogqirha wakho wosapho.
Ugqirha wakho usenokufuna ukukhangela ezinye izizathu zezi mpawu (umz., ukukhubazeka kokufunda, ukulibaziseka kolwimi). Ukuba kuyimfuneko, angakuthumela kwingcali, njengogqirha wengqondo yabantwana okanye ingcali yengqondo.
Oogqirha bayixilonga njani ngokuchanekileyo i-ADHD?
Akukho vavanyo lwegazi okanye iskeni esenziwayo ukuze kufunyanwe i-ADHD. Ifunyaniswa ngokujonga indlela umntwana aziphethe ngayo ixesha elide.
Ugqirha uza kuqwalasela ezi zinto:
- Ingaba ukuziphatha komntwana akufanelekanga ngokweminyaka yakhe ?
- Ingaba ezi ndlela zokuziphatha bezikho ubuncinane iinyanga ezi-6 ?
- Ingaba ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zibonakaliswa ubuncinane kwiindawo ezimbini (umz., ekhaya nasesikolweni)?
- Ingaba umntwana ubonisa ubuncinane iimpawu ezi-6 esizixubushe ngaphambili?
Ukuze enze oku, ugqirha uza kufumana ulwazi kuwe, kootitshala bomntwana wakho, mhlawumbi nakwabanye abafana nabaqeqeshi bomntwana wakho. Baza kucela ukuba azalise imibuzo ekhethekileyo aze azame ukuqonda iindlela zokuziphatha zomntwana wakho.
Ngaba ungabona ukuba utitshala une-ADHD?
Rhoqo, umntu wokuqala okrokrela ukuba umntwana une-ADHD ngutitshala weklasi. Oku kungenxa yokuba bachitha uninzi losuku nomntwana kwaye basebenza nabantwana abaninzi abaneminyaka efanayo, ukuze bakwazi ukuchonga ngokukhawuleza umntwana ongafaniyo nokuziphatha okuqhelekileyo.
Kodwa khumbula, nokuba utitshala unokukrokrela ukuba umntwana une-ADHD, yingcali kuphela enokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Izinto eziqwalaselwe ngutitshala zibaluleke kakhulu kule nkqubo yokuxilonga.
Ungasebenzisana njani nesikolo ukunceda umntwana wakho?
Nje ukuba umntwana wakho afunyaniswe ene-ADHD, kubalulekile ukuba wena njengomzali nibe nolwalamano oluhle nesikolo. Kufuneka wazise utitshala ngamayeza anikwayo njengenxalenye yesicwangciso sonyango kunye nemiphumo yawo.
Kwakhona, umntwana kufuneka agcine ingqeqesho efanayo kunye nenkqubo yokukhuthaza ekhaya nasesikolweni. Umzekelo:
- Utitshala angabeka ubuso obuncumileyo okanye inkwenkwezi encwadini xa umntwana esenza umsebenzi olungileyo.
- Unganika ezo nkwenkwezi okanye ubuso obuncumileyo isipho esincinci ekhaya (umz. ukutya okuthandayo, ukubukela imuvi kunye).
Izinto ezinje ziluncedo kakhulu ekulawuleni indlela umntwana aziphethe ngayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ADHD ayisiyonto imbi okanye ukuziphatha okubi emntwaneni. Yimeko yezonyango enokunyangwa, enxulumene nengqondo.
- Ukuba unenkxalabo okanye uloyiko malunga nokuziphatha komntwana wakho, musa ukuyigcina kuwe kwaye ukhathazeke. Thetha nogqirha ngokuqinisekileyo.
- Kufuneka uncedo lwengcali ukuze kufunyanwe isifo ngokuchanekileyo. Ukuqwalaselwa kootitshala kubaluleke kakhulu kule nto.
- Ngonyango olufanelekileyo (amayeza kunye nonyango lokuziphatha), inkxaso evela kubazali nakwisikolo, umntwana one-ADHD unokuphila ubomi obuphumelelayo nobonwabisayo njengabanye abantwana.
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