Ngaba wakha waphawula igazi elincinci kwindle yakho xa usiya kwindlu yangasese? Okanye ngaba uhlala ufumana utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwiintshukumo zakho zamathumbu, iintlungu zesisu, okanye ukuqhina? Musa ukuzithatha njengeziqhelekileyo. Kuba ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zokuqala zesifo esinzima njengomhlaza wempundu. Kusenokubonakala kunzima ukuthetha ngaso, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele impilo yakho. Ngoko ke, masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, ngendlela elula kakhulu.
Kalula nje, yintoni umhlaza we-rectal?
Umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu kukukhula okungalawulekiyo kweeseli ezingaqhelekanga eludongeni lwamathumbu amakhulu, kuquka ne-rectum. Olu luhlobo lomhlaza olukhula kancinci kakhulu.
Ixesha elininzi, iqala njengee-growths ezincinci (ii-polyps) ezakheka eludongeni lwangaphakathi lwe-rectum. Ezi growths sizibiza ngokuba yi-adenomas . Kungathatha iminyaka eli-10 ukuya kweli-15 ukuba i-growth encinci efana nale ibe ngumhlaza. Ewe, yinyani leyo. Oko kuthetha ukuba akwenzeki ngobusuku obunye.
Eyona nto ingcono kukuba iimvavanyo ezifana ne -colonoscopy zinokubona kwaye zisuse ezi polyps ngaphambi kokuba zibe ngumhlaza. Ke ngoko, ukwenza ezi vavanyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza we-colorectal. Nokuba umhlaza uvele, ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba, unokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ngotyando lokususa i-polyp.
Phakathi kweentlobo zomhlaza ezikhula kwinkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya, umhlaza werectal ngowona uxhaphakileyo, emva komhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu kunye nomhlaza wepancreatic.
Qaphela ezi mpawu.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, lo mhlaza unokuhlala emzimbeni iminyaka emininzi ungabonakalisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokufumana iimpawu ezithile ezilumkisayo. Kubalulekile ukuba uzazi ezi mpawu.
Khumbula, ayinguye wonke umntu onezi mpawu onomhlaza. Kodwa ukuba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho ukuze akunike ingcebiso.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukopha emqolo | Igazi elibomvu okanye elimnyama elikhanyayo esitulweni. |
| Urhudo | Ukuqunjelwa okungapheliyo. |
| Ukuqhinwa | Ubunzima bokukhupha indle, ukungaphumi kwamathumbu kangangeentsuku. |
| Utshintsho kwindlela yokuhamba kwamathumbu | Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwizinto ezifana nokuphindaphindwa kwexesha kunye nexesha lokuya kwigumbi lokuhlambela. |
| Ukutshintsha kwimo yesihlalo | Isihlalo sincinci njengepensile kwaye siphuma njengentambo. |
| Ukudinwa ngequbuliso kunye nobuthathaka | Ukudinwa kakhulu ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
| Intlungu yesisu | Iintlungu zesisu kunye nokungakhululeki okufana nokudumba. |
| Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu | Ukwehla kobunzima ngequbuliso ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukutya okanye ukwenza umthambo. |
Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umhlaza we-rectal?
Unobangela ochanekileyo walo mhlaza awukafunyanwa. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha bafumanise ezinye izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokufumana esi sifo. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.
| Into enobungozi | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ubudala | Njengakweminye imihlaza, umngcipheko uyanda xa abantu bekhula. Ngokomyinge, uninzi lwezigulane lufunyaniswa lunale ntsholongwane xa lumalunga neminyaka engama-63 ubudala. |
| Ezinye iimeko zonyango | Abantu abaneengxaki zamathumbu ezibangelwa kukudumba, njengesifo sikaCrohn kunye ne -ulcerative colitis, basengozini enkulu. |
| Izitya zenyama ezicutshungulweyo | Abantu abatya rhoqo inyama ebomvu kunye nenyama ecutshungulwayo efana neesoseji kunye nebhekoni basengozini enkulu. |
| Imbali yosapho | Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho olusondeleyo (umama, utata, abantakwenu noodadewabo) okhe waba nalo mhlaza, umngcipheko wakho wokuba nawo uphindwe kabini. |
| Isini | Amadoda anethuba elincinci lokufumana lo mhlaza kunabafazi. |
| Izifo ezidluliselwa lilifa | Ezinye iimeko zemfuza ziyandisa umngcipheko womhlaza. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-Lynch syndrome kunye ne-Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) . |
| Ukutyeba kakhulu | Abantu abatyebe kakhulu basengozini enkulu kunabo banobunzima obuqhelekileyo. |
| Ukutshaya | Uphando lwakutshanje lubonise ukuba abantu abatshayayo basengozini enkulu yokufa ngenxa yalo mhlaza kunabo bangatshayiyo. |
Ufunyaniswa njani lo mhlaza?
Uxilongo ludla ngokuqala ngovavanyo oluqhelekileyo ngugqirha, emva koko kuyalelwa iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo njengoko kufuneka.
Uvavanyo olusisiseko
Okokuqala, ugqirha wakho uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho aze enze uvavanyo lomzimba, olunokubandakanya uvavanyo lwedijithali lwerectal (DRE) .
Emva koko, uvavanyo olubalulekileyo lokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa yi -colonoscopy . Kolu vavanyo, kufakwa ityhubhu encinci enekhamera nge-anus kwaye ingaphakathi le-rectum kunye ne-colon lihlolwe ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba kubonwa iqhuma elirhanelekayo (i-polyp) ngeli xesha, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci lethishu ukuze lihlolwe. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi -biopsy .
Uvavanyo oluza kwenziwa ukuba umhlaza uqinisekisiwe
Ukuba i-biopsy iqinisekisa ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza, ugqirha uya kukuthumela kwi-oncologist, eya kwenza ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze kuchongwe inqanaba lomhlaza.
Uvavanyo lwegazi
- Ubalo lweGazi olupheleleyo (CBC): Oku kunceda ukujonga iimeko ezifana ne-anemia, enokubangelwa kukulahleka kwegazi ngenxa yomhlaza.
- Iphaneli Epheleleyo Ye-Metabolic (CMP): Oku kunokukunika umbono wokusebenza kwamalungu anjengezintso nesibindi sakho.
- Uvavanyo lwe-Enzyme yesibindi: Oku kubalulekile ukuze kubonwe ukuba umhlaza usasazeke esibindini na.
- Uvavanyo lweTumor Marker: Olu lujonga amanqanaba ezinto ezithile (ii-tumor markers) ezikhutshwa egazini ziiseli zomhlaza. Kumhlaza we-rectal, uphawu lwe -CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigens) lolona luphambili lujongwayo.
Ezinye iimvavanyo
- I-Proctoscopy: Uvavanyo olujonga ngaphakathi kwi-rectum kuphela.
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): Oku kunceda ukubona ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwamanye amalungu esiswini.
- I-MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): I-MRI scan ibaluleke kakhulu ukuze kubonakale ngokucacileyo ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani kwiithishu ezijikeleze i-anus.
- I-Ultrasound yePelvic: Oku kukwasetyenziselwa ukubona ukusasazeka komhlaza kwi-pelvic cavity.
Zichongwa njani izigaba zomhlaza?
Ngokusekelwe kulwazi olufunyenweyo kolu vavanyo ngalunye, oogqirha bamisela inqanaba lomhlaza. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekucwangciseni unyango. Kukho izigaba ezi-5 ikakhulu.
- Inqanaba 0: Iiseli zomhlaza zikwindawo engaphezulu yodonga lwangaphakathi lwe-rectum.
- Inqanaba loku-1: Umhlaza ukhule wadlula umphezulu wodonga waza wakhula kancinci waya eludongeni.
- Inqanaba lesi-2: Ithumba likhule laya kudonga lwerectum kwaye lisenokuba lisasazeke kwizicubu ezingqongileyo.
- Inqanaba lesi-3: Umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane ne-rectum.
- Inqanaba lesi-4: Umhlaza usasazeke (usuqhelile) uye kwizitho ezikude ezifana nesibindi nemiphunga.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango?
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lomhlaza wesisu. Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kugqiba unyango olungcono kuwe ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka inqanaba kunye nobukhulu bomhlaza wakho, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Utyando
Olona nyango luqhelekileyo kukususa ithumba elinomhlaza. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zotyando.
| Igama lotyando | Wenza ntoni? |
|---|---|
| Utyando lwe-Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEMS) | Kule nto, kusetyenziswa isixhobo esikhethekileyo esifakwe nge-anus ukususa iithumba ezincinci kakhulu nezingenabungozi kangako zomhlaza. |
| Ukususwa Okuphantsi Kwangaphambili (LAR) | Ukuba umhlaza mkhulu kakhulu, inxalenye ye-rectum apho umhlaza ukhoyo iyasuswa, nokuba ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye. |
| Ukususwa kwesisu (APR) | Olu tyando lwenziwa ukuba umhlaza usondele kakhulu kwi-anus kwaye ithumba alinakususwa ngaphandle kokonakalisa izihlunu ezilawula ukuhamba kwamathumbu. Kolu tyando, i-anus, i-rectum, kunye nenxalenye ye-colon ziyasuswa. Kwenziwa umngxuma esiswini ukuze indle idlule. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-colostomy . |
Unyango ukongeza kutyando
Ngamanye amaxesha ezinye iindlela zonyango zisetyenziswa ngaphambi kotyando ukunciphisa ithumba okanye ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emva kotyando.
- I-Chemotherapy: Unyango lweziyobisi olutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.
- Unyango lweMisebe: Ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza kusetyenziswa imisebe enamandla aphezulu.
- Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Ukuvuselela amajoni omzimba ukuze alwe neeseli zomhlaza.
- Unyango Olujoliswe Kulo: Amayeza ajoliswe kwiimolekyuli ezithile ezichaphazela ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza.
Unyango lokudambisa iintlungu lunokufumaneka ukunceda ukulawula iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neempawu ngexesha lonyango. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.
Singenza ntoni ukuze sizikhusele kulo mhlaza?
Nangona kungekho ndlela yokuthintela lo mhlaza nge-100%, zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
- Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni obukufaneleyo. Ukuba awuqinisekanga, qhagamshelana nogqirha.
- Zilolonge rhoqo.
- Ziphephe iinyama ezicutshungulweyo. Endaweni yoko, yitya ukutya okunesondlo okutyebileyo kwiinyama ezingenamafutha amaninzi, iinkozo ezipheleleyo, kunye nemifuno eluhlaza kunye neziqhamo.
- Kuphephe ukusela utywala.
- Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuhlolwa umhlaza ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Kuba ngale ndlela, iipolyps zinokuchongwa kwaye zisuswe ngaphambi kokuba zibe ngumhlaza. Kwakhona, nokuba umhlaza sele uqalile, unokubonwa kwasekuqaleni kakhulu. Emva koko amathuba onyango nokunyangwa aphezulu kakhulu.
I-Colonoscopy lolona vavanyo luphambili. Ukongeza, kukho nezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi:
- Uvavanyo lwegazi leFecal Occult (FOBT): Uvavanyo olujonga igazi elikwisitulo elingabonakaliyo emehlweni.
- Uvavanyo lwe-DNA yendle: Uvavanyo lokutshintsha kwezakhi zofuzo kunye neenxalenye zegazi kwindle ezinxulunyaniswa nomhlaza.
- I-Sigmoidoscopy: Uvavanyo lwenxalenye esezantsi yekholoni kunye ne-rectum.
- I-Colonoscopy eSebenzayo: I-CT scan ijonga iithumba kwikholoni nakwi-rectum.
Ngokubanzi, wonke umntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwama-45 ubudala ufanele enze olu vavanyo. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga novavanyo olukulungeleyo kunye nexesha lokulwenza, ngokusekelwe kwimbali yosapho lwakho kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi.
Kunini apho kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza?
Ukuba unyangelwa lo mhlaza, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo:Yazisa ugqirha wakho okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele.
- Umkhuhlane ongama-38 degrees Celsius (100.4 Fahrenheit) okanye ngaphezulu.
- Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu.
- Ndiziva ndibanda kwaye ndingcangcazela.
- Igazi kumchamo.
- Iintlungu zesifuba.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
- Ukudideka.
Imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha wakho
Ukuba ufunyaniswe unesi sifo, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba nemibuzo emininzi engqondweni yakho. Ngoko ke, ngaphandle koloyiko okanye ukuthandabuza, buza ugqirha wakho ngezi zinto uze ufumane impendulo.
- Leliphi inqanaba lomhlaza endinalo?
- Umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani?
- Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?
- Ukuba ndityandwa, ngaba kuya kufuneka ndifakelwe i-colostomy?
Umhlaza wamathumbu unokuba yingongoma enzima ukuthetha ngayo. Kwaye uvavanyo lunokuba loyikisa kancinci. Kodwa khumbula, ubomi bakho bubaluleke ngaphezu kokuba neentloni okanye ukungonwabi kwakho. Musa ukuyityeshela iimpawu. Okukhona uyifumana kwangethuba, kokukhona amathuba akho okunyangwa nokuphiliswa ayanda. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo, thetha nogqirha wakho namhlanje.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuba ubona utshintsho kwindlela oqhuba ngayo amathumbu akho (urhudo, ukuqhinwa) okanye igazi eliphuma kwindle yakho, musa ukulutyeshela. Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.
- Lo mhlaza phantse unganyangeki ngokupheleleyo ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba, ngoko thetha nogqirha wakho malunga novavanyo lokuhlolwa olufana ne -colonoscopy emva kweminyaka engama-45.
- Indlela yokuphila esempilweni (ukutya okunesondlo, ukuzilolonga, ukuphepha ukutshaya notywala) inokunciphisa umngcipheko.
- Kukho unyango oluninzi oluphumelelayo koku, olufana notyando, i-chemotherapy, kunye nonyango lwe-radiation.
- Musa ukoyika ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga nempilo yakho, ingakumbi izinto ezinje onokuzifumana zingakukhathazi.
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