Ngaba wakha wawabona amachaphaza amancinci amnyama, iibhola zentambo, okanye iintambo zesigcawu zintanta phambi kwamehlo akho ngelixa ulele? Okanye ngaba ubona ukukhanya kombane ngokungathi umntu udubule ifleshi yekhamera? Ngelixa abantu abaninzi becinga ukuba ezi zizinto eziqhelekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba ziimpawu zokuqala zemeko embi kakhulu yamehlo. Namhlanje sithetha ngemeko enzima kangaka, kodwa engenabuhlungu. Oko kukuphela kwe-retina, okanye ngokwezonyango, ukuphela kwe-retina .
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-retina detachment?
Cinga ngeliso lethu njengekhamera. Ngoko ke, i-retina yi-membrane ebukhali kakhulu njengefilimu engasemva kwekhamera. Xa ukukhanya kwezinto esizibonayo kuwela kwi-retina, kuguqula ezo zimpawu zokukhanya zibe ziimpawu zombane kwaye kuzithumele engqondweni. Kulapho kuphela apho sibona khona umfanekiso. Ngoko ke i-retina ifumana ukondla kwayo kunye neoksijini kwizicubu ezingaphantsi kwayo.
Ukuqhekeka kwe-retina kuxa i-retina yahlukana nezicubu ezingaphantsi ezinika izondlo . Kufana nephepha lodonga elixobuka eludongeni. Xa oku kusenzeka, ilahlekelwa ligazi layo. Le yimeko engenabuhlungu, kodwa imbi kakhulu . Ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza, iiseli ze-retina zinokufa kwaye zibangele ukulahleka kokubona okungapheliyo .
Ngoko ke ukuba ngequbuliso unee-floaters ezingaphezulu, ubona ukukhanya okukhanyayo, okanye uva ikhethini emnyama iwela ecaleni kweliso lakho, musa ukuyityeshela loo nto, nokuba akukho ntlungu . Bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zokuqhekezwa kwe-retinal?
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zale meko, kuxhomekeke kwindlela eyenzeka ngayo. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.
| Uhlobo lokubaleka | Kwenzeka njani kwaye kutheni |
|---|---|
| Uhlobo lwe-Rhegmatogenous | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Njengoko sikhula, into efana nejeli engaphakathi kweliso (i-vitreous humor) iyancipha kancinci kancinci. Xa oku kusenzeka, isuka kwi-retina, ibangele ukukrazuka okuncinci okanye umngxuma. Ngale krazuka, ijeli iqokelelana phantsi kwe-retina, iyityhala ize iyikhuphe. |
| Uhlobo lokutsala | Oku kubangelwa kukwakheka kwezicubu ezibomvu phezu kwe-retina, nto leyo ebangela ukuba itsaleke. Abantu abanesifo seswekile basengozini enkulu. Xa amanqanaba eswekile egazini ehlala ephezulu kwaye engalawuleki ixesha elide, imithambo yegazi ebuthathaka engaphakathi kweliso iyonakala kwaye kuvela izicubu ezibomvu. Ezi zicubu ezibomvu zinokutsaleka zize zibangele ukuba i-retina ihlukane. |
| Uhlobo lwe-exudative | Kolu hlobo, akukho krazuko okanye umngxuma kwi-retina. Nangona kunjalo, ulwelo luqokelelana phantsi kwe-retina. Oku kunokubangelwa zizifo ezithile ezisulelayo ngaphakathi kweliso (ezifana ne-uveitis), ukwenzakala kwamehlo, okanye umhlaza othile, obangela ukuba ulwelo luphume kwimithambo yegazi. |
Zingaba yintoni iimpawu zoku?
Iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu bokuqhekeka kwe-retina. Ukuba kukho inani elincinci lokuqhekeka, kusenokungabikho zimpawu konke konke. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi mpawu zinokuvela ngequbuliso.
- I-Photopsia: Ukukhanya okukhawulezileyo, okuphazimayo emehlweni.
- Ukubona izinto ezininzi ezidadayo: Ngequbuliso ubona izinto ezininzi ezinje ngamabala amnyama, iintambo zesigcawu, okanye iibhola zentambo zidada phambi kwamehlo akho. (Kuqhelekile ukubona enye okanye ezimbini ngamanye amaxesha, kodwa ukuba ubona ezininzi ngaxeshanye, luphawu lwesilumkiso.)
- Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono kwelinye iliso: Ukuziva ulahlekelwe ngumbono kwelinye iliso.
- Ikhethini emnyama ewela phambi kwamehlo: Imvakalelo yokuba ikhethini emnyama iwela phantsi phambi kwamehlo.
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, musa ukuzityeshela. Isenokuba yimeko engxamisekileyo enokuchaphazela umbono wakho.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nale meko?
Nangona nabani na enokuba nale meko, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
- Ukwaluphala: Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala basengozini enkulu.
- Ukulimala kwamehlo: Iingozi ezifana nokubethwa kakhulu liliso.
- Imbali yosapho:Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakhe owakha waba nale meko ngaphambili.
- Ukuba ndikhe ndatyandwa iliso ngaphambili: umzekelo, emva kotyando lwe-cataract.
- I-High Myopia: Kwabo banemeko enzima kakhulu "yokubona kufutshane, kodwa kungekhona kude".
- Ezinye iingxaki zamehlo: Abantu abane-diabetesic retinopathy okanye i-lattice degeneration.
- Ukuba i-retina sele ikhe yahlukana nelinye iliso: Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, nelinye iliso nalo lisesichengeni.
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi zinto zinobungozi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho rhoqo ngugqirha wamehlo.
Uyifumana njani le nto, Gqirha?
Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kuhlola amehlo akho ngononophelo. Oku kwenziwa ngokuvula iliso (uvavanyo lwamehlo oluvulekileyo) .
Okwenzekayo koku kukuba amaconsi eliso afakwa kwiliso lakho. Kwimizuzu embalwa, iliso lakho elimnyama liya kukhula. Emva koko, ugqirha angasebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo ukubona i-retina engaphakathi kweliso lakho ngokucacileyo. Oku kunokukunceda ubone ukuba kukho naziphi na iinyembezi, imingxunya, okanye ukuqhekeka kwi-retina.
Ukongeza, ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi zinokwenziwa ukuba kuyimfuneko.
- Iskeni se-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Oku kungathatha umfanekiso we-3D wecandelo elinqamlezileyo le-retina.
- I-Ultrasound Scan yeLiso (yeLiso): Ukuba i-retina ayibonakali kakuhle ngenxa yento efana nokopha ngaphakathi kweliso, i-ultrasound ingasetyenziselwa ukujonga ngaphakathi kweliso.
- I-CT scan: Oku kusetyenziswa ukufunda okungakumbi ngokulimala kwamehlo.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Ukuvaleka kwe-retina yimeko enokunyangeka kuphela ngotyando . Indlela yonyango ixhomekeke kuhlobo lokuvaleka, ubungakanani balo, kunye nezinye izinto.
Ukuba kukukrazuka nje kwe-retina:
Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba kukho umngxuma kuphela ngaphambi kokuba uphole, ungayinamathelisa ngokungathi "uyayithungela" ngaphambi kokuba ibe nkulu.
- Unyango lweLaser: Imitha yelaser isetyenziselwa ukudala ukutsha okuncinci okujikeleze umngxuma, kwaye inxeba eliphumayo livala umngxuma.
- I-Cryopexy: Ukubanda kakhulu kusetyenziswa ukwenza inxeba elijikeleze ikrazukile nokulivala.
Ukuba i-retina ihlukanisiwe:
Ukuba kukho uncedo, olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi ndlela zilandelayo lunokufuneka.
| Indlela yotyando | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Retinopexy ye-Pneumatic | Kule meko, ugqirha ufaka iqamza legesi elisweni. Iqamza lityhala i-retina ehlukanisiweyo libuyele eludongeni lweliso. Emva kotyando, kufuneka ugcine intloko yakho ikwindawo ekhethekileyo kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa ukuze iqamza legesi lingene kwindawo efanelekileyo kwaye lihlale endaweni yalo. |
| Ibhakethi yeScleral | Kule nto, isixhobo esifana nebhanti yesilicone (ibhakethi) sibekwa sijikeleze umphandle weliso size siqiniswe kancinci. Oku kutyhala udonga lweliso ngaphakathi, okuvumela i-retina ehlukanisiweyo ukuba iphinde ichukumise udonga kwaye inamathele kulo. Le bhanti idla ngokuhlala ijikeleze iliso ubomi bonke, kodwa ayibonakali ngaphandle. |
| Utyando lweVitrectomy | Olu lutyando oluntsonkothileyo. Kulo, ijeli engaphakathi kweliso (i-vitreous) isuswa ngokupheleleyo. Emva koko, iinyembezi ezikwi-retina zilungiswa nge-laser, kwaye indawo apho ijeli yayikhona izaliswe yi-bubble yegesi, umoya, okanye i-silicone oil . Eli bubble lisetyenziselwa ukubamba i-retina endaweni yayo ide inamathele kwakhona. |
Kubalulekile: Ukuba uneqamza legesi esweni lakho, akufuneki uhambe ngenqwelo-moya okanye uye kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ide inyibilike ngokupheleleyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba utshintsho loxinzelelo lomoya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo lunokubangela ukuba iqamza lande kwaye lonakalise iliso. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba ungazenza nini ezi zinto kwakhona.
Yintoni onokuyilindela emva kotyando?
Kunokubakho ukungakhululeki kunye nentlungu emehlweni kangangeeveki ezimbalwa emva kotyando. Ugqirha uza kukunika amayeza okudambisa iintlungu ngenxa yoko. Kuya kufuneka uphephe umsebenzi onzima, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokuqhuba imoto kangangeeveki ezimbalwa.
- Ipetshi yamehlo: Ufanele unxibe ipetshi yamehlo ixesha elide kangangoko ugqirha wakho ekuxelele.
- Ukuma kwentloko:Ingakumbi ukuba kufakwe iqamza legesi, ukuze lisebenze kakuhle, kubalulekile ukugcina intloko yakho ikwindawo ethile kangangexesha elichazwe ngugqirha.
- Amaconsi amehlo: Amaconsi amehlo afanele asetyenziswe ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukunceda iliso liphole ngokukhawuleza kwaye lithintele usulelo.
- Umbono: Umbono uqala ukuphucuka kancinci kancinci malunga neeveki ezi-4-6 emva kotyando. Nangona kunjalo, kungathatha iinyanga ezininzi ukuba umbono opheleleyo ubuye. Kwezinye iimeko, umbono usenokungabuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo.
Lumka kwezi meko emva kotyando
Nokuba utyando luphumelele, kwezinye iimeko, iingxaki zinokubakho. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele.
- Ukuba buhlungu kakhulu, kuvela intlungu engalindelekanga .
- Ukuba ubonisa iimpawu zosulelo, ezinje ngokudumba kwamehlo kunye nomkhuhlane.
- Ukuba kukho ukukhupha okungaqhelekanga okuphuma elisweni.
- Ukuba umbono wakho uba mbi ngequbuliso .
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukwanda ngequbuliso kwezinto ezidadayo, ukubona ukukhanya okukhanyayo, okanye ukuziva ngathi ikhethini emnyama iwela phambi kwamehlo ziimpawu ezilumkisayo .
- Ukuqhekeka kwe-retina yimeko enzulu kakhulu enokubangela ukulahleka kombono okungapheliyo, nangona kungenabuhlungu .
- Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, musa "kulinda uze ubone" nje. Bona ugqirha wamehlo ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.
- Ukuba unyango lukhawulezileyo, amathuba okuphinda ubone ngotyando aphezulu kakhulu.
- Ukuba unezinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko ezifana nesifo seswekile okanye ukubona izinto ezikufutshane, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba amehlo akho ahlolwe yingcali yamehlo ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka .
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