Masifunde ngezifo ze-retinal ngendlela elula!

Amehlo ethu afana namatye anqabileyo axabisekileyo. La mehlo mabini asinceda sibone izinto ezintle kweli hlabathi, abantu esibathandayo. Ngoko ke, kukho inxalenye enzima kakhulu nebaluleke kakhulu yala mehlo, esiyibiza ngokuba yi -retina . Khawucinge nje, isebenza njengefilimu eqengqelekayo yekhamera endala ngaphakathi kweliso. Yile idala imifanekiso ngokukhanya okungena elisweni ize iyithumele engqondweni. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngezifo ezinokuvela kweli retina lixabisekileyo, oko kukuthi, `(Izifo zeRetinal)`.

Zithini izifo ze-retinal? Amehlo akho asebenza njani?

Ngamafutshane, izifo ze-retina ziimeko ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela i-membrane ethambileyo ngasemva kweliso lakho, i-retina yakho.

Ngoku khangela, indlela amehlo ethu asebenza ngayo iyamangalisa.

1. Okokuqala, ukukhanya okuvela ngaphandle kungena elisweni ngenxalenye ecacileyo engaphambili kweliso, i-cornea .

2. Emva koko olu kukhanya ludlula kumngxuma omncinci ophakathi kwe-iris, umfundi . Yiyo loo nto i-iris yeliso iba ncinci ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo kwaye ibe nkulu ekukhanyeni okumnyama.

3. Okulandelayo, ilensi engaphakathi kweliso ijolisa olu kukhanya ngqo kwi-retina, njengokuba sisebenzisa iglasi yokukhulisa ukukhanya ukuze sijolise ukukhanya kwindawo enye.

I-retina yakho yindawo apho kukho izigidi zeeseli ezikhethekileyo kakhulu. Ezi seli zezona ziguqula ukukhanya okungena elisweni lakho kube ziimpawu zombane. Ezi zimpawu emva koko zihamba ngemithambo-luvo yakho ukuya engqondweni yakho. Ingqondo ihlalutya ezi zimpawu ize iziguqule zibe yimifanekiso efana nokuthi "Owu, nantsi intyatyambo," "Nanku umama," ize isibonise. Yindlela emangalisayo, akunjalo?

Isifo seRetina sinokuchaphazela nayiphi na indawo yeretina. Ngokukodwa, i-macula, eyona ndawo iphambili yeretina esinceda sibone iinkcukacha ezincinci, sifunde incwadi, kwaye siqaphele oonobumba, inokonakala. Into ebuhlungu kukuba ezinye zezi meko zinokuzuzwa njengelifa .

Izifo ezininzi ze-retina zibangela iimpawu ezichaphazela umbono wakho. Kubalulekile ukuxilonga nokunyanga ezi zifo kwangethuba, njengoko ezinye izifo zinokukhokelela ekubeni ube yimfama okanye ungaboni kakuhle ukuba azinyangwa.

Ziziphi iintlobo zezifo ze-retina?

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezifo ezichaphazela i-retina. Makhe sijonge ezona ziphambili.

Izifo ezichaphazela i-retina:

• Umonakalo wamehlo obangelwa sisifo seswekile`(I-retinopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile)`: Njengoko usazi, isifo seswekile yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo ngoku. Ngoko ke ukuba asilawulwa kakuhle, imithambo yegazi ebuthathaka emehlweni inokonakala, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-retina yophe kwaye idumbe. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi`(i-retinopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile)`.
• Ukuqhekeka kwe-retinal : Oku kungxamiseko. Oku kuxa i-retina yahlukana nodonga lwangaphakathi lweliso. Kufana nepowusta ephuma eludongeni.
• Ukukrazula okanye imingxunya ye-retina : Ngamanye amaxesha ukukrazula okanye imingxunya emincinci kunokukhula kwi-retina. Ezi zihlala ziqala ukuqhekeka kwe-retina.
• Ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal: Le meko inokwenzeka xa umthambo ohambisa igazi kwi-retinal uvaleka . Oku kungaba kumthambo oyintloko (ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal ephakathi) okanye kumthambo we-branch (ukuvaleka kwemithambo ye-retinal ye-branch).
• I-retinitis esulelayo : I-retina inokudumba kwaye ivuvuke ngenxa yezifo ezahlukeneyo zentsholongwane, iintsholongwane, okanye ifungus.
• I-Central serous retinopathy : Le yimeko apho ulwelo luqokelelana phantsi kwe-retina. Idla ngokunxulunyaniswa noxinzelelo.
• I-Birdshot chorioretinopathy kunye nezinye izifo zokudumba: Ezi zikwayimeko ezingaqhelekanga zokudumba ezichaphazela i-retina kunye nezakhiwo zayo ezinxulumene nayo.

Izifo ezichaphazela ngqo i-macula:

I-macula, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, yinxalenye ephambili ye-retina enika umbono ocacileyo nobukhali. Ngoko ke kukho izifo ezininzi ezichaphazela le retina:

• I-Macular pucker (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-epiretinal membrane): Le yifilimu encinci eyenzeka phezu kwe-macula, njengephepha le-cellophane. Oku kunokubangela umbono ofipheleyo kunye nombono ofipheleyo.
• Umngxuma we-macular: Umngxuma omncinci kwi-macula.
• Ukuwohloka kwe-macular okunxulumene nobudala (AMD): Le yimeko eqhelekileyo ehambisana nokukhula. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini: i-AMD eyomileyo kunye ne-AMD emanzi.
• Ukudumba kwe-macular: Ukudumba kwe-macula. Oku kubangelwa kukuqokelelana kolwelo.

Izifo ze-retina ezizuzwe njengelifa:

Ezi zizifo ezizalwa nazo kwaye zibangelwa yimpembelelo yemfuza:

• I-Retinitis pigmentosa : Le yimeko ebangela ukulahleka kancinci kancinci kombono ongaphandle. Ukungaboni ebusuku kukwaluphawu.
• I-Usher syndrome : Le yimeko yelifa ebangela ukulahleka kokuva kunye ne-retinitis pigmentosa.
• Isifo sikaStargardt: Oku kuchaphazela kakhulu abantu abancinci kwaye kuphazamisa umbono ophakathi.
• I-Retinoschisis : Ukwahlukana kweengqimba ze-retina. Oku kungabakho xa umntu ezalwa okanye kuphuhle kamva.

Zeziphi ezi mpawu sizivayo?

Ukuba unesifo se-retina, unokufumana enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu:

• Ukudada kwamehlo kunye nokukhanya . Kungavakala ngathi izigcawu ezincinci zihambahamba phambi kwamehlo akho.
• Umbono ofipheleyo okanye otshintshileyo. Oonobumba basenokungabonakali ngokucacileyo, kwaye imifanekiso ingabonakala ngathi mibini.
• Amabala angaboniyo ayenzeka embonweni ngqo (embonweni ophakathi) okanye embonweni ongaphandle .
• Ukuphazamiseka okubonakalayo. Umzekelo, imigca ethe tye ingabonakala ngathi itsalwe ngendlela egobileyo. Oku kunokubonwa xa ujonga izinto ezifana neefreyimu zeefestile kunye neefreyimu zeminyango.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso.
• Ubunzima bokubona ebusuku okanye ubunzima bokuqhelana notshintsho ekukhanyeni (njengokuphuma phandle ebumnyameni).

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza.

Zithini izizathu zesi sifo?

Akukho sizathu sinye sezifo ze-retina. Zininzi izizathu ezahlukeneyo.

• Ezinye izifo, ezifana ne-Usher syndrome, isifo seStargardt, kunye ne-Retinitis pigmentosa, zifunyanwa njengelifa.
• I-retinopathy inokwenzeka nakwezinye iimeko zonyango. Isifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu zingonakalisa imithambo yegazi ebuthathaka emehlweni, nto leyo enokubangela umonakalo kwi-retina. Iimeko zokudumba emzimbeni nazo zinokubangela umonakalo.
• Ukulimala kwamehlo kunokubangela umonakalo kwi-retina nakwi-macula. Umzekelo, ukuba ibhola yekriketi ibetha iliso lakho, okanye ukuba into ebukhali inamathela esweni lakho, inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, iimeko ezifana ne-"Macular pucker" zinokwenzeka emva kotyando lwamehlo .
• Ezinye izifo ze-retina, ezifana ne-cytomegalovirus retinitis, zibangelwa lusulelo . Nangona kunjalo, isifo se-retina ngokwaso asisuleli.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela ezi zifo?

Ezinye izinto zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokufumana izifo ze-retina. Nazi:

• Ukwaluphala.
• Ukutshaya.
• Ukwanda kobunzima okanye ukutyeba kakhulu`(Ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba kakhulu)`.
• Ukuba nezinye izifo ezifana nesifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi .
• Ukukrazuka okanye ukuqhekeka kwe-retina yangaphambili.
• Ukwenzakala okanye utyando lwamehlo ngaphambili.
• Ukuba nembali yosapho enezifo ze-retina .
• Ukungaboni kakuhle (abantu abaneeglasi ezibhalwe ngugqirha ophezulu kakhulu - `Severe myopia`).
• Ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwamayeza athile, anjenge-hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil®) kunye ne-pentosane polysulfate.

Ngamanye amaxesha, isini okanye uhlanga lunokuba yinto ebangela umngcipheko kwisifo esithile se-retina.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zezi zifo?

Ukuba izifo ze-retina azinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, zinokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni ngokupheleleyo kokubona kunye nokungaboni .

Ezi zifo zinyangwa ngoogqirha bamehlo. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha abanakunyanga zonke izifo ze-retina. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukufumanisa isifo kwangethuba kwaye usilawule kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Zifunyaniswa njani ezi zifo ze-retina?

Xa usiya kuhlolwa amehlo rhoqo, ugqirha wamehlo uya kuhlala ehlola izifo ze-retina. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho ngamaxesha athile acetyiswa ngugqirha wakho.

Ngexesha lovavanyo, ugqirha uza kubeka amaconsi emehlweni akho ukuze avule amehlo akho. Oku kuya kuvumela ugqirha ukuba ahlolisise i-retina yakho ngokusondeleyo. Ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba kukho ingxaki kwi-retina yakho emva kolu vavanyo, unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezikhethekileyo okanye akuthumele kwingcali ye-retina.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuze kufunyaniswe okanye kuhlolwe izifo?

Ugqirha angayalela iimvavanyo ezifana nezi:

• I-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): Oku kufana nokuthatha i-cross-section ye-retina. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekufumaneni izinto ezinje ngokudumba kunye nemingxunya kwi-macula.
• I-Fluorescein angiography : Oku kuquka ukufaka idayi ekhethekileyo emthanjeni osesandleni sakho nokuthatha imifanekiso yemithambo yegazi engaphakathi kweliso lakho. Ingajonga izinto ezifana nendlela igazi elihamba ngayo kunye nokuba igazi liyavuza na emithanjeni.
• I-Fundus autofluorescence : Olu luvavanyo lomfanekiso olungenalo uhlaselo.
• I-ElectroretinographyI-Electroretinography (ERG): Oku kulinganisa indlela esebenza ngayo i-retina.
• Uvavanyo lwemfuza : Ukuba kurhanelwa isifo esidluliselwa kwilifa, olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba sikhona.

Zinyangwa njani ezi zifo?

Iindlela zonyango zixhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo se-retina onaso. Kwezinye iimeko, unyango lunokumisa esi sifo okanye lunciphise isantya sokuba sibe sibi kakhulu. Iindlela zonyango ziquka iinkqubo zotyando , unyango lwe-laser , kunye nokufakwa kwamayeza esweni okanye ajikeleze iliso .

Iinkqubo zotyando:

I-Vitrectomy yinkqubo yotyando eyenziwa kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Ukuqhekeka kwe-retinal.
• I-Macular pucker `(I-Macular pucker / I-Epiretinal membrane)`.
• Umngxuma we-macular.
• Ukulimala kwamehlo (umz., izinto zangaphandle ezingena esweni).
• Usulelo lwamehlo.

Inaliti yamehlo:

Ukufakwa kwe-vitreous kwenziwa kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Ukuwohloka kwe-macular okunxulumene nobudala obumanzi (i-Wet AMD).
• I-retinopathy yesifo seswekile esiphucukileyo.
• Ukudumba kwe-macular kwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo.
• Usulelo lwamehlo.
• Izifo zamehlo ezibangela ukudumba.

Unyango lweLaser:

Unyango lwe-laser lusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezifana nezi:

• Nyanga imithambo yegazi engafunekiyo.
• Vala iinyembezi ze-retina.
• I-Central serous retinopathy.
• Ukudumba kwe-macular.

Ezinye iindlela zonyango zokuqhekezwa kwe-retinal:

• Utyando lwe-Scleral buckle : Kule nkqubo, ugqirha ubeka i-silicone band ejikeleze iliso aze ayithunge. Oku kutyhala inxalenye emhlophe yeliso (i-sclera) ngaphakathi, okuvumela i-retina ukuba iphumle eludongeni.
• I-Cryoplexy : I-Cryotherapy isetyenziselwa ukudala inxeba nokuvala ukukrazuka okanye ukuqhekeka kwamathambo.
• I-retinopexy ye-pneumatic : Ugqirha ufaka iqamza legesi elisweni. Eli qamza linceda ukubamba i-retina endaweni yayo. Olu nyango lunokudityaniswa ne-cryotherapy okanye unyango lwe-laser.

Ezinye iindlela zonyango:

• Amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane , i-antifungal , okanye i-antiviral kwiintsholongwane ezinzima.
• I-Central serous retinopathy kunye nezinye izifo zamehloUnyango lwe-laser "olubandayo" .

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga okanye iingxaki zonyango?

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga okanye iingxaki zonyango lwezifo ze-retina zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana nohlobo lonyango olufumanayo, impilo yakho iyonke, kunye nemeko onayo.

Ngokubanzi, kunokubakho iingozi ezifana nezi:

• Usulelo.
• Amanxeba.
• Amehlo omileyo.
• Umbono ofipheleyo.
• Uxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye oluphantsi emehlweni akho.
• Ukubona okunciphileyo.
• Uxinzelelo lwamehlo oluphezulu.
• Ukopha.

Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba uqale naluphi na unyango, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxoxa nogqirha wakho ngononophelo kwaye uqonde izinto ezilungileyo, iingxaki kunye nemiphumo emibi enokubakho.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha emva konyango?

Ixesha lokuchacha lixhomekeke kuhlobo lonyango olufumeneyo kunye nohlobo lwesifo se-retina osifumeneyo. Umzekelo, ukuba uneqamza legesi elisweni lakho, kungathatha iiveki ezininzi ukuba iqamza linyamalale. Usenokungakwazi ukuya emsebenzini iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine. Kwakhona, awukwazi ukubhabha okanye ukuphefumla i-nitrous oxide, esetyenziswa kwezinye iinkqubo zamazinyo, ngelixa uneqamza legesi elisweni lakho (kodwa oku kungokwexeshana).

Ukuba uhlatywe inaliti emehlweni, ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba uphumze amehlo akho, usebenzise iinyembezi zokwenziwa, kwaye ungawasuli amehlo akho. Kodwa akukho "xesha lokuchacha" lokwenyani kuloo nto.

Ngaba i-retina eyonakeleyo ingaphola ngokupheleleyo?

Kwezinye iimeko, i-retina eyonakeleyo inokunyangeka okanye ilungiswe. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimeko azinanyango oluhlala luhleli. Ke ngoko, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngemeko yakho. Angakuchazela imeko yakho aze akunike isicwangciso sonyango esingcono.

Ngaba ezi zifo ze-retina zingathintelwa? Ingancitshiswa njani ingozi?

Asinakuthintela ezinye izifo ze-retina, ingakumbi ezo zifunyanwa njengelifa. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana ezinye izifo:

• Ukulawula izifo ezingapheliyo: Ukuba unezifo ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu) okanye isifo seswekile, kubalulekile ukuzilawula kakuhle. Kubalulekile nokulawula ubunzima bomzimba (ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba kakhulu).
• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo rhoqo: Jonga amehlo akho ngokweshedyuli ecetyiswe ngugqirha wakho wamehlo. Ngale ndlela, ukuba kukho ingxaki, inokubonwa kwasekuqaleni.
• Ukukhusela amehlo akho:Nxiba izikhuseli zamehlo (iiglasi, izikhuselo) xa usebenza (umz., ukusebenza ngomthi, ukusebenza ngentsimbi) okanye udlala imidlalo yokuthinta amehlo. Nokuba ingozi ebonakala incinci emehlweni inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndinolu hlobo lwesifo? Ndimele ndilindele ntoni?

Imbonakalo yesifo se-retina ixhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo onaso. Ngoko ke, thetha nogqirha wakho ngemeko yakho. Angachaza imeko yakho aze akuncede ukhethe unyango olufanelekileyo kuwe. Uya kwazi nokuba ulindele ntoni ekuboneni kwakho nasekuphileni kwakho ngokupheleleyo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlolwe amehlo rhoqo, ingakumbi ukuba unesifo esinokubangela isifo se-retina, esifana nesifo seswekile.

Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olukhawulezileyo embonweni wakho (umz., ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso, amabala amnyama aqala ukudada phambi kwamehlo akho, ukubona izibane, ukubona imigca ethe tye), bona ugqirha wamehlo ngoko nangoko. Musa ukuchitha ixesha.

Ndingaya nini kwigumbi likaxakeka?

Kule meko, kuya kufuneka uye kwigumbi likaxakeka ngoko nangoko, okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-1990:

• Ukuba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa yiyo yonke okanye inxalenye yombono wakho.
• Ukuba uva iintlungu eziqatha emehlweni.
• Ukuba kukho ingozi enkulu okanye ukwenzakala kweliso.

Ezi ziimeko ezingxamisekileyo, ngoko ke musa ukulibazisa.

Yeyiphi imibuzo endifanele ndiyibuze ugqirha wam malunga nezifo ze-retina?

Unelungelo lokubuza ugqirha wakho nayiphi na imibuzo onayo. Ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngaba le meko ndiyifumeneyo inganyangwa? Ngaba inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?
• Zeziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokulindelwa kunyango?
• Ngawaphi amayeza okanye utshintsho kwindlela endiphila ngayo endinokulwenza ukunceda ekuthinteleni iimpawu zam ukuba zingabi mandundu?
• Zithini amathuba okuba ndingaboni?
• Zeziphi iinkonzo onokuzicebisa ukunceda abantu baphile nokulahlekelwa yimbono?
• Ngaba ndiyafaneleka ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi?

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ayizizo zonke izifo ze-retina ezifanayo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda imeko yakho ethile kunye nokwazi naluphi na utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kudla ngokuvelisa iziphumo ezilungileyo.

Usenokuba neemvakalelo ezahlukeneyo malunga nemeko yamehlo akho. Usenokuziva usoyika, ukhathazekile, okanye ulusizi. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Thetha neqela lakho lezonyango kunye nosapho lwakho malunga nento oyifunayo kunye nendlela oziva ngayo. Bakhona ukukunceda nangayiphi na indlela abanako ngayo. Khumbula, awuwedwa.

i - retina, izifo ze-retina, impilo yamehlo, ukulahleka kokubona, ukuwohloka kwe-macular, i-retinopathy yesifo seswekile, ukhathalelo lwamehlo