Ngubani lo gqirha wezifo zamathambo? Masimazi lo gqirha.

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukhe ube neentlungu zamalungu, ukuqina kwasekuseni, okanye iintlungu nje eziqhelekileyo? Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinto zinokuphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezi ngxaki ziyaqhubeka okanye ziya zisiba mandundu, kufuneka uziqwalasele. Kulapho ke sidinga uncedo lwengcali yamathambo.

Ngubani iRheumatologist?

Ngamafutshane, ingcali yezifo zamathambo ngugqirha ogxile kwizifo ezintsonkothileyo zamathambo ethu, amalungu, izihlunu kunye nezicubu ezidityanisiweyo. Aba gqirha, emva kokugqiba izifundo zonyango ngokubanzi, baqeqeshwa iminyaka eliqela kweli candelo.

Ezi zifo zihlala zingapheliyo okanye zibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba, oko kuthetha ukuba amajoni ethu omzimba ahlasela iiseli zethu . Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinokudluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Ngoko ke, ingcali yezifo zamathambo inceda ukulawula iintlungu ezibangelwa zezi meko kwaye inceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba emzimbeni.

Yintoni iRheumatology?

I-Rheumatology lisebe lezonyango elifunda kakhulu "izifo ze-rheumatic." Ezi zizifo ezingapheliyo zokudumba ezidla ngokuchaphazela izicubu zomzimba wethu, oko kukuthi, njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, amathambo, amalungu, izihlunu, imisipha kunye nemisipha.

Cinga nje, kukho iintlobo ezithile ze-arthritis, ezikwabizwa ngokuba yi-"inflammatory arthritis." Kwizifo ezinjalo, umzimba usabela ngokuchasene nezicubu zawo. Kukho ezinye izifo, ezinokukhula zibe ziingxaki eziqhubekayo zemisipha okanye amathambo, ngamanye amaxesha xa ukwenzakala okudala kungaphili kakuhle. Zonke ezi zinto ziwela phantsi kwecandelo le-rheumatology.

Yintoni eyenziwa yingcali yezifo zamathambo?

Umsebenzi ophambili wengcali yezifo zamathambo kukuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo nokunyanga izifo ezinzima ezichaphazela amathambo ethu, amalungu, izihlunu kunye nezicubu ezinxibelelanayo. Ezi azizozinto zilula njengokukruquka okanye ukukruquka nje, kodwa ziingxaki ezinzulu kancinci kunoko.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezifo ze-rheumatic:

• Izifo ezichaphazela umzimba: Oku kuxa inkqubo yomzimba yethu yokuzikhusela ihlasela ngempazamo iiseli kunye nezicubu zethu ezisempilweni.
• Izifo zezicubu ezidityanisiweyo: Ezi zichaphazela izakhiwo ezixhasayo kuyo yonke imizimba yethu.
• Izifo okanye izifo ezibangelwa kukudumba: Ezi zinokuchaphazela izihlunu, amalungu, okanye amathambo.

Xa befumanisa ezi zifo, oogqirha basebenzisa uvavanyo lwegazi kunye neeskeni ezahlukeneyo ze-`(imaging)` (umz. `(X-ray)`, `(Ultrasound)`) . Unyango alufani.Isicwangciso sonyango senziwa ngokudibanisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngamayeza, ngamanye amaxesha iinaliti ezikhethekileyo emalungeni, kunye nonyango lomzimba.

Zeziphi izifo ezinyangwa yingcali yezifo zamathambo?

Kukho uluhlu lwezifo ezinyangwa yingcali yamathambo. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngamanye ala magama.

• I-Ankylosing Spondylitis: Oku kubangela ukuqina kunye nentlungu kumalungu omqolo.
• I-Bursitis: Usulelo lwezingxobo ezizaliswe lulwelo (i-bursa) ezijikeleze amalungu.
• I-Gout : Isifo apho i-uric acid iqokelelana emzimbeni, nto leyo ebangela ukudumba kunye nentlungu eqatha emalungeni.
• I-Osteoarthritis: Imeko ebangelwa kukuguguleka kwamalungu xa ekhula.
• I-Rheumatoid Arthritis: Esi sisifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba. Amalungu omzimba ayadumba, abe buhlungu, aze aqine kusasa.
• I-Rheumatic Fever: Emva kokosuleleka emqaleni, inokuchaphazela iindawo ezifana nentliziyo, amalungu kunye nengqondo.
• I-Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - SLE): Esi sisifo esichaphazela amasosha omzimba esinokuchaphazela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.
• I-Scleroderma: Ukujiya kolusu kwaye kunokuchaphazela nezitho zangaphakathi.
• I-Vasculitis: Ukudumba kwemithambo yegazi.

Iingcali zerheumatology zinyanga ezinye izifo ezininzi ezifana nezi. Isifo ngasinye sahlukile, ngoko ke unyango lwahlukile.

Kufuneka uphando olungakanani ukuze ube yingcali yezifo zamathambo?

Olu ayilulo uhambo olulula. Ukuze ube yingcali yamathambo, kufuneka uqale ufumane isidanga se-bachelor, uze ugqibe iminyaka emine yesikolo sezonyango (isidanga se-MD okanye se-DO). Emva koko, kufuneka ugqibe iminyaka emithathu yokuhlala kwi-internal medicine okanye kwi-pediatrics.

Emva kolu qeqesho, kufuneka uphumelele uvavanyo ukuze ube yingcali kuloo ntsimi. Emva koko, kufuneka uphinde ufumane eminye iminyaka emibini okanye emithathu yoqeqesho olukhethekileyo (`(ubudlelane)`) kwicandelo le-rheumatology. Ngeli xesha loqeqesho, ufunda nzulu ngezifo zamathambo, amalungu, kunye nezifo zokuzikhusela komzimba. Ekugqibeleni, uqatshelwa njengogqirha we-rheumatologist kuphela emva kokuphumelela olunye uvavanyo oluqinileyo oluqinisekisa olo lwazi. Emva koko, kufuneka uhlale uhlaziya ulwazi lwakho ngokufunda izinto ezintsha (`(Ukuqhubeka neMfundo yezoNyango - CME)`). Ukuze uqonde ukuba oku kufuna ukuzinikela okungakanani.

Kutheni kufuneka sibone ugqirha wezifo zamathambo?

Kusenokuba kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba kutheni ufanele uye kugqirha wezifo zamathambo.

• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo samathambo okanye isifo sokuzikhusela komzimba: Ngenxa yokuba ezinye zezi zifo zinokuba zezofuzo, kungcono uhlolwe kwangethuba.
• Ukuba umboneleli wakho oyintloko (PCP) ukuthumelele: Emva kokujonga ezinye zeempawu zakho, ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba esi sisifo samathambo, uza kukuthumela kwingcali yamathambo.

Kukho ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezifo ze-rheumatic:

• Inokwenzeka kungekuphela nje kwindawo enye emzimbeni, kodwa kwiindawo ezininzi ngaxeshanye. Ingachaphazela nomzimba wonke.
• Ingachaphazela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezicubu, ezifana nezihlunu, imithambo-luvo, kunye nolusu.
• Usenokuziva iintlungu, ukuqina, kunye nokudumba kwezo ndawo.
• Ukongeza koku, iimpawu zomzimba ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye nokudinwa nazo zinokubakho.

Khawucinge nje, kusasa, amalungu eminwe yakho aqinile kwaye abuhlungu, awakwazi ukugoba. Emva kwexesha elithile, aya kuncipha kancinci. Kodwa oku kwenzeka yonke imihla. Okanye, ngaphandle kwesizathu, kuvela amabala abomvu eluswini kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni, kunye nentlungu yamalungu kunye nokudinwa. Ezi zizinto ezinokubonwa kwizifo ze-rheumatic.

Ufanele ubonane nini nogqirha wezifo zamathambo?

Ukuba wena okanye ugqirha wakho jikelele nikrokrela ukuba unesifo samathambo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ingcali, ingcali yamathambo, ngokukhawuleza. Ingakumbi ukuba iimpawu zakho ziqale ngequbuliso okanye ziya zisiba mandundu ngokukhawuleza, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka wenze njalo ngokukhawuleza.

Kuba, ezi zifo zerheumatic zihlala ziqhubeka. Oko kukuthi, njengoko isifo siqhubeka, izicubu ezininzi zinokuchaphazeleka kwaye iimpawu ezintsha zinokuvela. Ezinye izifo zinokubangela umonakalo osisigxina kwizicubu zethu. Ke ngoko, lo monakalo ungancitshiswa ngokuxilonga isifo kwangethuba nokuqala unyango.

Ulungiselela njani ukutyelela ugqirha wezifo zamathambo?

Ukuba wenza ezi zinto ngaphambi kokuba uye kugqirha wezifo zamathambo, kuya kuba lula kugqirha nakuwe.

• Gcina iirekhodi zakho zonyango zakudala zilungile: Oku kuquka amanqaku avela koogqirha owakhe wawabona ngaphambili, iziphumo zovavanyo, njl. Usenokuba sele unazo ezi, okanye unokufuna ukuzicela kwimithombo efanelekileyo.
• Bhala imbali yakho yezonyango: Ugqirha uza kukubuza ngamayeza, iivithamini, kunye nezongezo ozisebenzisayo ngoku, naziphi na izifo zangaphambili, kunye nawo nawaphi na amayeza owakhe wawasebenzisa.
• Gcina ijenali yeempawu: Iimpawu zeRheumatic zinokutshintshatshintsha kwaye zitshintshe ngokukhawuleza. Ukubhala iinkcukacha ezinje ngokuthi "Ngale ntsasa, emva kwemini, izolo" kunokunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba afumane umfanekiso ocacileyo wemeko yakho.
• Cwangcisa ukubhala phantsi oko ugqirha akuthethayo:Xa uhamba okokuqala, uza kufunda ulwazi olutsha oluninzi. Kunokuba nzima ukukhumbula yonke into ngaxeshanye. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, hamba nomhlobo okanye ilungu losapho. Banokukunceda ubhale izinto phantsi.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziswa ziingcali ze-rheumatologists ukufumanisa esi sifo?

Ukongeza kuvavanyo lomzimba, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi ukunceda ekuxilongeni imeko. Umzekelo:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa izinto ezininzi, njengokuba kukho ukudumba emzimbeni na nokuba kukho ii-antibodies ezinxulumene neemeko zokuzikhusela komzimba.
• Uvavanyo lokufota: Uvavanyo olufana ne-X-ray, i-ultrasound, i-CT scans, okanye ii-MRIs lunokujonga imeko yamalungu, amathambo kunye nemisipha.
• Uvavanyo loxinano lwamathambo (i-DEXA scan): Jonga ukuba amandla amathambo ayancipha na (i-osteoporosis).
• I-biopsy yezicubu: Ngamanye amaxesha, kufuneka kuthathwe iqhekeza elincinci lezicubu ezichaphazelekileyo ukuze livavanywe.
• I-Electromyogram (EMG): Uvavanyo lokujonga ukusebenza kwezihlunu kunye nemithambo-luvo.
• Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwamalungu omzimba: Jonga ukuba amalungu anjengezintso nesibindi achaphazelekile na.

Iingcali ze-rheumatologists ziziphatha njani ezi zifo?

Ukunyanga izifo ze-rheumatic kunzima kancinci. Kuba ayingomntu wonke onokunyangwa ngendlela efanayo. Ugqirha wakho uza kudala isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezininzi, njengeempawu zakho, uhlobo lwesifo, kunye nendlela osabela ngayo kunyango.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango:

• IiCorticosteroids: Ezi zinceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba emzimbeni ngokukhawuleza.
• Ii-immunosuppressants: Ezi zinikwa ukulawula umsebenzi wenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwizifo ezibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba.
• Amayeza okuguqula izifo (ii-DMARD): La mayeza anceda ekunciphiseni umonakalo wamalungu obangelwa sisifo kwaye alawule ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo.
• Iinaliti zamalungu: Amayeza anokufakwa ngqo kumalungu abuhlungu nadumbileyo.
• Ii-Orthotics: Ngamanye amaxesha zisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa amalungu nokunciphisa iintlungu.
• Unyango lomzimba: Phucula ukusebenza kwamalungu kunye namandla awo ngokwenza umthambo kunye nezinye iindlela.
• Unyango lomsebenzi: Uqeqesho kwindlela yokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ngokulula.
• Ukuthunyelwa kwiGqirha yoGqirha wamathambo:Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba amalungu onakele kakhulu, kunokufuneka utyando.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha wakho rhoqo ukuze ufumane olu nyango, wenze uvavanyo olufunekayo, kwaye ubeke iliso kwimeko yakho. Kuba ezi zifo zinokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye kunokuvela iingxaki ezintsha. Emva koko ugqirha wakho unokutshintsha isicwangciso sakho sonyango ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokuhlala unxibelelana rhoqo nogqirha wakho, unokulungisa unyango lwakho ngaphambi kokuba uzive ungakhululekanga.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku unombono olungileyo wokuba ngubani ugqirha wezifo zamathambo kwaye wenza ntoni.

Khumbula, iingcali zerheumatologists ziingcali ezinyanga iimeko ezihlala ixesha elide nezinzima ezibandakanya amalungu, izihlunu kunye nezicubu zomzimba.

• Ukuba unentlungu engapheliyo yamalungu, ukudumba, ukuqina, okanye iintlungu zomzimba ezingachazekiyo, musa ukuzibetha ngoyaba.
• Okokuqala, bonana nogqirha wakho wosapho (GP). Uyakwazi ukuvavanya imeko yakho aze akuthumele kwingcali yamathambo ukuba kuyimfuneko.
• Kwizifo ezinjalo , ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo kunokuthintela umonakalo omkhulu kwaye kukuvumela ukuba uphile ubomi obuhle.

Ngoko ke, khathalela umzimba wakho. Ukuba uneengxaki, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha.

Ingcali yeRheumatology, iRheumatologist, Izifo zamalungu, iArthritis, iArthritis, Izifo zeAutoimmune, Isifo seAutoimmune, Iintlungu zeMusculoskeletal, iRheumatology