Ngaba wakha waphawula into efana neqhuma elincinci emlonyeni wakho, esidleleni sakho, okanye phantsi komhlathi wakho? Isenokungabi buhlungu kwasekuqaleni. Ixesha elininzi, asizihoyi kangako izinto ezinje, sicinga ukuba, "Mhlawumbi liqhuma nje, liza kulunga lodwa." Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha nento encinci njengale inokuba sisiqalo sento ekufuneka siyixhalabele. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngento efana nale. Lo ngumhlaza owenzeka kwiindlala zamathe, oko kukuthi, umhlaza weGland yeSlivary . Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngayo yonke into ngokulula nangokucacileyo.
Okokuqala, masibone, zithini ezi glands zamathe?
Ngamafutshane, amathe ziindlala emlonyeni nasemqaleni wethu ezivelisa amathe. Xa sisitya, yile mathe inceda ekuqaliseni inkqubo yokugaya ukutya. Amathe abalulekile nasekugcineni umlomo umanzi, uthetha, kwaye uginye ukutya.
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zee-salivary glands emlonyeni wethu.
- Ii-Parotid glands: Ezi zezona glands zinkulu zamathe. Zifumaneka ngaphakathi kwezidlele, phambi kweendlebe.
- Iindlala ezingaphantsi kwethanga: Ezi zifumaneka phantsi komhlathi wethu.
- Ii-sublingual glands: Ezi zifumaneka phantsi kolwimi, ezantsi komlomo.
Ukongeza kwezi gland zinkulu, kukho amakhulu ee gland ezincinci zamathe, ezincinci kakhulu ukuba zingabonwa ngamehlo enyama, eluphahleni lomlomo wethu, ngaphakathi kwemilebe yethu, ngaphakathi ezidleleni zethu, elulwimini lwethu, empumlweni yethu, kwanasemqaleni wethu.
Ngoko ke, umhlaza we-salivary gland sisifo somhlaza esenzeka nakweyiphi na i-salivary gland esisandula ukuthetha ngayo. Kunokubakho iintlobo ezimbini zale miphunga. Ezinye zi -non-cancer tumors (ezingengomhlaza) . Olunye uhlobo zi -cancer tumors (ezinobungozi) . Sithetha kakhulu ngezi thumba zomhlaza namhlanje.
Ingaba lo mhlaza uqhelekile?
Hayi. Enyanisweni, umhlaza we-salivary gland luhlobo olungaqhelekanga lomhlaza. Ubangela ipesenti encinci kakhulu, malunga ne-1%, yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wentloko nentamo.
Phakathi kwezi, iintlobo ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zezi `(mucoepidermoid carcinoma)` kunye `(adenoid cystic carcinoma)`. Ezi ntlobo zimbini zibanga isiqingatha sayo yonke imihlaza ekhula kwiindlala zamathe.
Uninzi lwezi thumba, zombini ezibangela umhlaza nezingezizo umhlaza, ziqala kwi-parotid glands, ezifumaneka ngaphakathi ezidleleni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iithumba zikhula kwi-small salivary glands, zinokuba ngumhlaza.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana lo mhlaza?
Nangona le meko inokuvela nakubani na, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Amadoda anamathuba amancinci okuba neethumba ezinomhlaza kunabafazi.
Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zezi:
- Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala:Njengoko sikhula, umngcipheko womhlaza uyanda, njengoko kunjalo nangezinye izifo ezininzi.
- Ukutshaya nokusebenzisa utywala: Akunto intsha ukuba ukutshaya nokusebenzisa utywala ngokugqithisileyo kunegalelo kwiintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza. Ngoko ke kuyasebenza nakule.
- Emva kokuba ufumene unyango lwemitha entloko okanye entanyeni: Ukuba ufumene unyango lwemitha entloko okanye entanyeni ngenxa yesinye isifo, ingakumbi esinye isifo somhlaza, umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza we-salivary gland kwixesha elizayo unokwanda.
- Imisebenzi ethile: Uphando lufumanise ukuba abantu abasebenza kwimibhobho yamanzi, ukwenziwa kwerabha, ukumba i-asbestos, kunye nokuveliswa kwesikhumba banokuba nomngcipheko okhulayo kancinci wokufumana lo mhlaza. Oku kusenokuba kungenxa yeekhemikhali abachatshazelwa kuzo.
Ukongeza, kukho inkolelo yokuba ezinye iintlobo ezingaqhelekanga zomhlaza we-salivary gland zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaneentsholongwane ezithile, ezifana ne-Epstein-Barr virus kunye ne-Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba ezi ntsholongwane zibangela umhlaza. Uphando malunga noku kunxibelelana lusaqhubeka.
Zithini iimpawu zalo mhlaza?
Rhoqo, uphawu oluphambili nolokuqala lomhlaza we-salivary gland kukuvela kweqhubu elingenabuhlungu emlonyeni, esidleleni, phantsi komhlathi, okanye entanyeni. Le yinto yokuqala abantu abaninzi abayiqaphelayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke izigaqa ezibangela umhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba zibangela umhlaza, ezinye iimpawu zinokuvela ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kufuneka uqaphele ngakumbi oku.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ubungqindilili okanye ubuthathaka ebusweni, entanyeni, okanye emhlathini | Ithumba linokucinezela imithambo-luvo ehamba kulo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba elinye icala lobuso lizive lingasasebenzi kakuhle okanye lingakwazi ukusebenza kakuhle. |
| Intlungu engapheliyo | Nangona kusenokungabikho ntlungu ekuqaleni, njengoko ithumba likhula, kusenokuba kukho intlungu eqhubekayo ebusweni, entanyeni, emhlathini, okanye emlonyeni. |
| Ukungakwazi ukuvula umlomo ngokupheleleyo | Njengoko ithumba lisasazeka liye kwilungu lomhlathi, kunokuba nzima ukuvula nokuvala umlomo. |
| Ubunzima bokuginya ukutya | Ukuba ithumba likwindawo emphinjeni okanye lisasazekile, ungaziva ngathi uyakrwitshwa xa uginya ukutya nokusela. |
| Ukopha emlonyeni | Ukopha emlonyeni kunokwenzeka ukuba ithumba lenzakele okanye lisasazeka. |
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba ubona iqhuma elinje, kwaye sele likhona kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini, kwaye likhula, ngokuqinisekileyo bonana nogqirha. Okukhona libhaqwa kwangoko, kokukhona kulula ukulinyanga.
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le nto?
Xa ubona ugqirha, into yokuqala aza kuyenza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho aze emva koko enze uvavanyo lomzimba. Uza kuva amaqhuma emlonyeni wakho, entanyeni yakho, nangaphantsi komhlathi wakho. Uza kujonga nokusebenza kwemithambo-luvo yobuso bakho.
Emva koko, kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
- I-CT Scan: Oku kusebenzisa i-X-ray ukuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo yeethumba ngaphakathi kwi-salivary glands. Kunokumisela ubungakanani kunye nendawo yethumba, kunye nokuba umhlaza usasazeke na (usasazeke) kwezinye iindawo, njengemiphunga okanye amathambo.
- I-MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Oku kusebenzisa iimagnethi kunye namaza erediyo ukuthatha imifanekiso ecacileyo yangaphakathi lomzimba. I-MRI ibaluleke kakhulu ukubona ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwizicubu ezithambileyo ezifana nezihlunu, imithambo yegazi, kunye nemithambo-luvo.
- I-PET scan (i-Positron Emission Tomography): Oku kusebenzisa inani elincinci lezinto ezinemisebe ukuchonga apho iiseli zomhlaza zikhoyo. Oku kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwi-lymph nodes okanye kwezinye iindawo ezikude zomzimba.
- I-Biopsy: Le yindlela yodwa yokuqiniseka ngokupheleleyo ukuba ngumhlaza okanye akunjalo. Oku kuquka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicwili okanye ulwelo oluvela kwiqhubu ngenaliti uze uluhlolisise phantsi kwe-microscope kwilebhu. Oku kuya kukuxelela ngokuchanekileyo ukuba luneeseli zomhlaza okanye akunjalo.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Nje ukuba uxilongo luqinisekiswe, ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba unyango olufanelekileyo kuwe. Oku kuya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezifana nohlobo lwethumba, ubungakanani balo, ukuba lisasazekile na, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Ngokwesiqhelo, unyango oluphambili kukususa ithumba ngotyando.
| Indlela yonyango | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Utyando | Olu lolona nyango luphambili. Lonke ithumba liyasikwa lize lisuswe. Ukuba kucingelwa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph nodes, ezo ndawo ze-lymph nodes nazo ziyasuswa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-lymphadenectomy . |
| Unyango lweMisebe | Olu nyango lunikwa emva kotyando ukuze kutshatyalaliswe naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo. Luthintela umhlaza ukuba ungabuyi. Lusebenzisa imitha enamandla aphezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. |
| Unyango ngamakhemikhali | Olu nyango lusetyenziswa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomzimba ngaphandle kwentloko nentamo. Lusebenzisa amayeza ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza emzimbeni wonke. |
Unyango olutsha
Ukongeza kwezi ndlela zonyango ziphambili, ugqirha wakho unokuthetha nangonyango olutsha oluninzi olusesekwinqanaba lophando.
- Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Ukunika amayeza anceda inkqubo yomzimba yethu yokuzikhusela ukuba iqaphele kwaye ihlasele iiseli zomhlaza.
- Unyango Olujoliswe Kulo: Ukusebenzisa amayeza ajolise kwaye ahlasele ubuthathaka obuthile kwiiseli zomhlaza.
- IiRadiosensitizers: Amayeza enza iiseli zomhlaza zibe buthathaka ngakumbi kunyango lwemitha. La mayeza anikwa kunye nonyango lwemitha.
Ngaba lo mhlaza unganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?
Ewe. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umhlaza we-salivary gland unokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye unyangwe ngokufanelekileyo . Ingqikelelo yakho ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi.
- Ingakanani ithumba?
- Ingaba umhlaza usasazeke nakwezinye iindawo?
- Umhlaza ukuliphi idlala lamathe?
- Uhlobo lweeseli zomhlaza (ukuba zinoburhalarhume kangakanani)
- Imeko yakho yempilo iyonke
Umzekelo, ukuba umhlaza uphelela kwi-salivary gland, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emi-5 liphezulu ukuya kuma-94%. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umhlaza usasazekile, elo zinga liyancipha.
Yiyo loo nto sisoloko sisithi ukubhaqwa kwangoko kusindisa ubomi . Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga notshintsho emzimbeni wakho, musa ukulutyeshela.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umhlaza we-salivary gland luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga, ngoko ke musa ukoyika ukuba ubona iqhuma emlonyeni wakho.
- Uphawu oluphambili lwale nto sisiqhuma esingenabuhlungu esikhula emlonyeni, esidleleni, okanye phantsi komhlathi.
- Ukuba uneqhubu elinjalo, ukuba alipheli kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini, okanye ukuba liqhubeka likhula, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha .
- Ukuphepha izinto ezinobungozi ezifana nokutshaya nokusela utywala kakhulu kunokunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza.
- Lo mhlaza unokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba , ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza.
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