Khawuthelekelele ukuba umntu okwindawo okuyo ujika abe mdaka ngesiquphe, abile, abe nobunzima bokuphefumla, aze abonakale ephelelwa zingqondo. Nangona sihlala sibiza oku ngokuthi 'yi-shock', ngokwezonyango le yimeko embi kakhulu nesongela ubomi. Kwimeko enjalo, ukungoyiki nokubonelela ngoncedo lokuqala olufanelekileyo kunokusindisa ubomi bomntu. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Shock' kunye nento esifanele siyenze ngexesha elinjalo.
Yintoni kanye kanye 'uMothuko'?
Ngamafutshane, ukothuka kukungabikho kokuhamba kwegazi okwaneleyo kwizitho ezibalulekileyo zomzimba. Cinga ngako, amalungu anjengengqondo yethu, intliziyo, nezintso afuna ukunikezelwa kwegazi rhoqo elineoksijini ukuze asebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Xa ehlaselwa kukothuka, olu kunikezelwa kwegazi luphela ngequbuliso.
Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi luthetha ioksijini ephantsi. Oku kunokukhokelela ekonakaleni kwamalungu omzimba kunye nokulahlekelwa kukusebenza kakuhle. Ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza, le meko inokukhokelela ekumisweni kwentliziyo. Imbi kakhulu kangangokuba malunga nomntu omnye kwabahlanu abafumana i-shock uya kufa. Ngoko ke asiyomeko ekufuneka ithathwe lula.
Kutheni umntu eba nengxaki yokukhwankqiswa?
Akukho sizathu sinye 'sokuthuka', kodwa zininzi izinto ezinokubangela oko. Ezona ziphambili zezi:
- Umthamo wegazi ophantsi: Ngenxa yesizathu esinjengokopha kakhulu ngenxa yengozi.
- Ukungaphazamisi kakuhle: Kwimeko efana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, intliziyo ayikwazi ukupompa igazi ngokufanelekileyo.
- Ukwanda kakhulu kwemithambo yegazi: Xa imithambo yegazi iba mikhulu ngequbuliso, uxinzelelo lwegazi luyehla ngequbuliso.
- Amayeza athile: Le meko isenokubangelwa nangamayeza athile anciphisa ukusebenza kwentliziyo.
- Ukonakala kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo: Ngenxa yento efana nengozi enkulu emgogodleni.
Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili 'zokothuka'
Ukothuka kunokwahlulwahlulwa kube ziintlobo ezine eziphambili ngokusekelwe kwindlela okwenzeka ngayo. Kubalulekile ukukwazi oku, njengoko unyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo.
| Uhlobo lomothuko | Isizathu kunye nenkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ukothuka kweHypovolemic | Kubangelwa kukulahlekelwa ngequbuliso kwegazi elininzi okanye olunye ulwelo emzimbeni. Imizekelo:
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| Ukothuka kwentliziyo | Ukonakala kwentliziyo okubangela ukuba ingampompi igazi elaneleyo emzimbeni. Imizekelo:
|
| Umothuko Othintelayo | Ukuvaleka kokuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni okanye kwimithambo yegazi emikhulu. Imizekelo:
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| Umothuko wokusasaza | Ukwehla ngequbuliso okukhulu koxinzelelo lwegazi ngenxa yokwanda kwemithambo yegazi. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zale meko:
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Uyazi njani ukuba umntu unengxaki yokothuka? Zithini iimpawu?
Iimpawu zomothuko zinokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu kunye nohlobo lwaso. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimpawu ezithile eziqhelekileyo. Ukuba kukho enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi, isenokuba ngumothuko.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi kakhulu: Olu luphawu oluphambili.
- Ukudinwa, amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuquleka: Oku kwenzeka xa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya engqondweni kuncipha.
- Ulusu luyabanda, lube mdaka, lube mthubi: Ukuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi kubangela ukuba ulusu lufumane igazi elincinci.
- Imilebe kunye neenzipho zijika zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/ngwevu: Oku kuthetha ukuba ubungakanani beoksijini egazini buphantsi kakhulu.
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo kodwa okubuthathaka: Intliziyo ibetha ngokukhawuleza ukuze ibuyisele umlinganiselo wegazi ophantsi, kodwa ukubetha kwayo kubuthathaka.
- Ukuphefumla kancinci: Uqala ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza nangokunganzulu.
- Ukudideka kunye nokuxhalaba: Xa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya ebuchotsheni kuncipha, ingqondo iyaphazamiseka kwaye ixhala liqala.
- Ukubila okugqithisileyo.
- Ukuyeka ukuchama okunciphileyo okanye okupheleleyo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufuna uncedo kwangoko xa uqala ukuva ezi mpawu. Musa ukulinda de iimpawu zibe mandundu.
Simele senze ntoni xa umntu efikelwa ngumothuko ngequbuliso? (Uncedo lokuqala)
Kwimeko efana nale, umzuzwana ngamnye owuthathayo, yonke into elungileyo oyenzayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Musa ukoyika, landela la manyathelo.
1. Fowunela iinkonzo zongxamiseko ngoko nangoko: Into yokuqala neyona ibalulekileyo omawuyenze kukufowunela inkonzo ye-ambulensi ka-1990 (Suvaseriya) okanye uthabathe isigulana usise kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele esikufutshane ngokukhawuleza. Ngelixa unika uncedo lokuqala, kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango.
2. Jonga ukuphefumla: Jonga ukuba ixhoba liyaphefumla na. Ukuba akunjalo, qalisa ukucinezela isifuba ngoko nangoko ukuba uyazi indlela yokwenza i-CPR. Ukuba uyaphefumla, jonga ukuphefumla rhoqo emva kwemizuzu emi-5 de kufike uncedo lwezonyango.
3. Beka kwindawo eyiyo:
- Ukuba isigulane asinayo ingozi enkulu entloko, entanyeni, emqolo, okanye emilenzeni , mlalise ejonge phantsi ngezandla zakhe aze aphakamise imilenze yakhe malunga nonyawo. Oku kungenziwa kusetyenziswa into efana nomqamelo okanye ibhegi. Ungaze uphakamise intloko.
- Ukuba isigulane siziva iintlungu xa siphakamisa imilenze yaso, musa ukwenza njalo. Mgcine elele phantsi ngendlela eqhelekileyo.
4. Gcina umzimba ufudumele: Khulula impahla yomguli ebambekayo. Mgqume kakuhle ngengubo okanye impahla eyomileyo ukuze ugcine ubushushu bomzimba.
5. Lawula ukopha ukuba kukho:Ukuba kukho ukopha okuvela kwinxeba elibonakalayo, zama ukulawula ukopha ngokucinezela loo ndawo ngelaphu elicocekileyo.
6. Ukuba isigulane siyahlanza: Ukuba isigulane siqala ukuhlanza okanye siphuma i-mucus/igazi emlonyeni, ukuba uqinisekile ukuba akukho monakalo womqolo , jika intloko yaso iye ecaleni. Oku kuya kuthintela ukuhlanza ukuba kungangeni emiphungeni. Ukuba kukho ukrokrelo lokuba kukho umonakalo womqolo, jika umzimba wonke uye ecaleni ngoko nangoko (log roll) ukuze intloko, intamo, nomqolo zibe kumgca omnye.
Ungaze uzenze ezi zinto!
Ngamanye amaxesha singenza into engalunganga sicinga ukuba siyanceda. Ezi zizinto ongafanele uzenze kumntu othukile.
| ❌ Izinto ONGAFANELE UZENZE |
|---|
| Musa ukunika nantoni na yokutya okanye yokusela. Musa ukunika amanzi. Ukuba ulahlekelwa zingqondo, ezi zinto zinokubambeka kwindlela yakho yomoya. |
| Ukuba kukho norhano oluncinci lokwenzakala komqolo okanye entanyeni, musa ukumshukumisa umguli okanye ukutshintsha indawo yakhe. |
| Ngaphandle kokuba isigulana sikwindawo eyingozi (umz. kufutshane nomlilo, phakathi kwendlela), musa ukusihambisa ngokungeyomfuneko. |
| Musa ukuchitha ixesha ucinga, "Masilinde ithutyana." Funa uncedo lwezonyango ngoko nangoko, nokuba uneempawu ezincinci. |
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- 'Umothuko' awungomdlalo, yingxamiseko yezonyango enokuba yingozi ebomini.
- Urhanelwa ukuba ufumanisa iimpawu ezinjengokuqaqamba, ukubila okubandayo, ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo nokubuthathaka, kunye nokulahlekelwa zingqondo.
- Into yokuqala neyona ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyenze kukufowunela u-1990 ngoko nangoko okanye uthabathe isigulana usise kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ekufutshane.
- De kufike uncedo lwezonyango, beka isigulane phantsi, uphakamise imilenze ukuba ikhuselekile, kwaye uyigcine ifudumele.
- Musa ukunika umntu into yokutya okanye yokusela nangasiphi na isizathu.
- Emva kokufumana imeko efana nale, nokuba iimpawu ziyancipha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha wakho kwaye wenze uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwezonyango.
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