Khawucinge ukuba umbhobho wamanzi endlwini yakho uvalwe yinto ethile. Emva koko amanzi awahambi kakuhle aze abhajwe kwindawo enye, nto leyo ebangela ingxaki enkulu. Yiloo nto eyenzekayo ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu ngexesha le "Sickle Cell Crisis". Eli liva elibuhlungu kakhulu. Ngoko ke masithethe ngale nto ngokucacileyo namhlanje.
Yintoni esi sifo se-sickle cell ( SCD ) kunye 'nengxaki'?
Ngamafutshane, igazi lethu liqulathe uhlobo lweseli ebizwa ngokuba
ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi . Kumntu ophilileyo, ezi seli zingqukuva kwaye ziguquguquka. Zifana neebhola ezincinci. Oku kuzivumela ukuba zihambe kwimithambo yegazi emincinci kakhulu emzimbeni ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa kwaye zithwale ioksijini ziye kuzo zonke iindawo zomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, kumntu onesifo
seSickle Cell Disease (SCD) , ezinye zeeseli ezibomvu zegazi zenziwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Azingqukuva, kodwa
zigobile zibe yimo ka-C . Kwakhona, ezi seli ziqinile kwaye zinamathela. Ngoko ke, xa ezi seli zimi njengesickle zihamba kuloo mithambo yegazi mincinci, zinokubambeka kwindawo enye.
Kanye njengokuba amanzi akwipayipi ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili enamathela, la maseli ayadibana aze ayeke ngokupheleleyo ukuhamba kwegazi emithanjeni yegazi.
Xa ukuhamba kwegazi kuyeka ngale ndlela, amalungu omzimba ancedwa yiloo mjelo awafumani ioksijini efunekayo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-
(Hypoxia) kwisayensi yezonyango. Oku kunqongophala kweoksijini kubangela iintlungu ezinganyamezelekiyo neziqatha kakhulu. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-
"Sickle Cell Crisis" . Le ntlungu inokuhlala kwiiyure ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Ingakumbi ngenxa yokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi emincinci esifubeni, imeko embi ebizwa ngokuba yi-
(Acute Chest Syndrome) inokwenzeka. Oku kuchaphazela ngaphezu kwama-50% ezigulane ze-sickle cell.
Zithini iimpawu 'zengxaki ye-sickle cell'?
Kule meko, umntu ngamnye unokubonisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa kukho iimpawu eziqhelekileyo. Masizijonge kwitheyibhile.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo ngayo |
|---|
| Intlungu enganyamezelekiyo | Olu lolona phawu luphambili noluqhelekileyo. Intlungu isenokuvela ngequbuliso kwaye inokuba buthuntu, ihlabe, icinezele, okanye ibe bukhali. Ihlala ivakala ezingalweni nasemilenzeni, esiswini, esifubeni, nasezantsi komqolo. Kubantwana abancinci, intlungu inokuba qatha ngakumbi ezintendeni zezandla nasezinyaweni zeenyawo. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla | Ukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo, kunye nentlungu esifubeni, kunokubakho. Olu luphawu olubi kakhulu. |
| Ukudinwa/ukudinwa kakhulu | Usenokuziva ungenabomi kwaye udiniwe kakhulu. |
| Ukutyheli kolusu (i-Jaundice) | Amhlophe emehlweni naselusu anokuba tyheli. |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Ukudinwa, intloko ebuhlungu, ubunzima bokushukumisa amanye amalungu omzimba, kunye nokuvuka okubuhlungu emadodeni. |
Ngaba kukho naziphi na izizathu ezithile zale 'ngxaki'?
Kudla ngokuba nzima ukucacisa unobangela ochanekileyo wale meko, kodwa kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela le meko.
- Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni : Ukungaseli manzi aneleyo.
- Utshintsho lobushushu: Ukuya kwindawo enotshintsho olukhawulezileyo lobushushu . Umzekelo, ukusuka kwigumbi elinomoya opholileyo ukuya ngaphandle ngequbuliso elangeni elishushu.
- Usulelo: Nokuba usulelo oluncinci njengomkhuhlane lunokuba ngunobangela woku.
- Uxinzelelo: Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo nalo luyimbangela enkulu.
- Iindawo eziphakamileyo: Ukuya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kakhulu, ezifana neentaba, apho kukho ioksijini encinci khona.
Yintoni omele uyenze xa kuvela 'ingxaki'? Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Ukuba unale meko,
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthetha nogqirha wakho uze nesicwangciso sonyango sokulawula 'ingxaki' ukuba iyenzeka. Izinto onokuzenza ekhaya
Kwangoko nje intlungu iqala, kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ekhaya.- Sela amanzi amaninzi: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina umzimba wakho unamanzi.
- Iipilisi zokunciphisa iintlungu: Ungathatha amayeza okunciphisa iintlungu aqhelekileyo afana neParacetamol okanye i-Ibuprofen . Kodwa buza ugqirha wakho ukuba loluphi unyango olukulungeleyo. Umzekelo, ukuba uneengxaki zezintso, iParacetamol ingangcono.
- Ezinye iindlela: Ukufaka ibhotile yamanzi ashushu, ukuhlamba ngamanzi ashushu, kunye nokuphulula umzimba kancinci kunokunceda ekunciphiseni iintlungu.
- Impilo yengqondo: Zolisa ingqondo yakho ngeendlela ezifana nokucamngca. Funa inkxaso kusapho nakubahlobo.
Unyango lwezonyango
Kukho amayeza athile acetyiswa ngoogqirha ukuthintela nokulawula le 'ngxaki'.- I-Hydroxyurea : Eli yeza linciphisa ukwakheka kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezimile okwesikele, nto leyo enciphisa ukuphindaphindeka 'kweengxaki' ezibuhlungu.
- Umgubo womlomo we-L-glutamine (Endari): Oku kunceda ukuthintela 'ingxaki' nokunciphisa isidingo sokulaliswa esibhedlele.
- I-Crizanlizumab-tmca (Adakveo): Eli yeza lithintela iiseli zegazi ukuba zinganamatheli kwaye livale imithambo yegazi.
- Ulwazi olubalulekileyo: Iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yiVoxeletor (Oxbryta) lalisetyenziswa ngaphambili kule njongo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yenkxalabo yokhuseleko, lasuswa kwimarike ngoSeptemba 2024. Ukuba okwangoku usebenzisa eli yeza, kubalulekile ukulixoxa nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko uze utshintshele kolunye unyango olufanelekileyo.
Ukuba unyango lwasekhaya aluyilawuli intlungu, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka (ETU) lesibhedlele ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Apho uya kunikwa amayeza okudambisa iintlungu anamandla. Kusenokufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iintsuku ezimbalwa de intlungu ilawuleke.
Ngaba 'ingxaki' ingathintelwa?
Nangona kungenakwenzeka ukuyimisa ngokupheleleyo, zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko 'wengxaki' . Utshintsho olufunekayo kwindlela yokuphila:
- Zikhusele kwingqele:Kuphephe ukuhlamba okanye ukudada emanzini abandayo. Nxiba iimpahla ezifudumeleyo ngeentsuku ezibandayo naxa usiya kwiindawo ezine-AC.
- Sela amanzi amaninzi: Sela amanzi amaninzi imini yonke.
- Nciphisa utywala: Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala kangangoko unako.
- Ukuhamba ngenqwelo moya: Ukuba uhamba ngenqwelo moya, bhabha kuphela kwiinqwelo moya zorhwebo ezinekhabhathi enoxinzelelo.
- Lawula uxinzelelo: Fumana iindlela zokugcina ingqondo yakho ikhululekile.
Ukuze uhlale usempilweni ngokubanzi,
- Zigcine kude nokugula: Zigcine kude nabantu abagulayo kangangoko unako. Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya.
- Ukuzilolonga: Ukuzilolonga okulula kulungile, kodwa kuphephe ukuzilolonga okunzima kakhulu (njengokuzilolonga ngamandla). Sela amanzi amaninzi ngelixa uzilolonga.
- Lawula ezinye izifo: Ukuba unezinye izifo, ezifana nesifo seswekile, zilawule kakuhle ngokwemiyalelo kagqirha wakho.
- Gonyelwa: Fumana zonke izitofu ezifunekayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
- Ukukhulelwa: Ukuba ukhulelwe okanye uceba ukukhulelwa, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ingxaki ye-Sickle cell yimeko ebuhlungu kakhulu ebangelwa ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezimile okwesikele ezivala imithambo yegazi emincinci, nto leyo ekhokelela ekusweleni ioksijini.
- Iimpawu eziphambili kukuqala ngequbuliso kwentlungu enzima, ubunzima bokuphefumla, kunye nokudinwa kakhulu.
- Le meko inokubangelwa zizinto ezifana nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, usulelo, uxinzelelo, kunye notshintsho lobushushu.
- Landela isicwangciso sonyango sikagqirha wakho rhoqo. Ukuba intlungu ayinakulawulwa ekhaya, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Umngcipheko 'wengxaki' ungancitshiswa ngokusela amanzi amaninzi rhoqo, ukuzikhusela kwingqele, kwaye uhlale uphila ubomi obusempilweni.
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