Ingaba kukho utshintsho lolusu endlebeni yakho? Isenokuba ngumhlaza wolusu (Umhlaza wolusu endlebeni). Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha!

Sonke siyakhumbula ukufaka 'iSunscreen' ebusweni nasezizandleni zethu xa siphuma elangeni, kodwa ngaba sicinga kakhulu ngeendlebe zethu? Enyanisweni, indlebe yindawo echatshazelwa lilanga kakhulu, kodwa silibala kakhulu ngalo. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngomhlaza wolusu owenzeka endlebeni, oko kukuthi `(umhlaza wolusu endlebeni)`. Nangona le yingongoma eyoyikisayo kancinci, ukuba sinolwazi olufanelekileyo, sinokuzikhusela kule meko size siyiqaphele kwangethuba.

Yintoni umhlaza wolusu endlebeni? Ngamafutshane...

Umhlaza wolusu kuxa iiseli eluswini lwakho ziqala ukukhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye zingalawuleki. Ngokuchanekileyo, ulusu lwethu lwenziwe ziiseli ezincinci. Ezi seli zahlukana ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye iiseli ezintsha ziveliswa njengoko iiseli ezindala zisifa. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha le nkqubo ayisebenzi kakuhle, kwaye iiseli ziqala ukwahlukana ngokukhawuleza. Kulapho ke umhlaza uvela khona.

Oku kudla ngokuqala kwinxalenye yendlebe ebonakala ngaphandle , njengendlebe. Nangona isenokuqala njengotshintsho oluncinci ekuqaleni, ukuba ayinyangwa kakuhle, ezi seli zomhlaza zinokusasazeka ziye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba . Siyibiza ngokuba yi-'(Metastatic Cancer)'. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuqaphela oku.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wendlebe? Siwubona njani?

Uphawu oluphambili lomhlaza wolusu endlebeni kukutshintsha kwendlela olubonakala ngayo ulusu endlebeni yakho. Olu tshintsho lusenokungabonakali kwangoko, kodwa qaphela ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ingaba kuvakala ngathi inkangeleko yebala okanye ibala iyatshintsha ngequbuliso ?
• Ingaba kukho utshintsho kumbala wesikhumba endlebeni yakho? Isenokuba mdaka, pinki, okanye mnyama.
• Ingaba kukho indawo ehlala irhawuzelela okanye ephuma igazi endlebeni yakho?
• Ingaba ijongeka ngathi yiqhubu elipinki , elinomphezulu oqhekekileyo norhabaxa kancinci?
• Ngaba ubona iqhubu elincinci elikhazimlayo okanye iqhubu ?
• Ingaba unenxeba elingapholiyo emva kweeveki ezine ?
• Ngaba kukho ibala elitsha elibonakala limthubi okanye limhlophe, njengenxeba elidala ?

Ukuba ubona into efana nale, kufuneka ulumke kancinci.

Masichonge utshintsho lolusu sisebenzisa umthetho we-ABCDE!

Lo mthetho we-'ABCDE' yindlela elula esetyenziselwa ukuchonga utshintsho kumabala okanye iintsumpa zesikhumba. Oku kungasetyenziselwa ukukhangela utshintsho eluswini naphi na emzimbeni, kungekuphela nje ezindlebeni.

• A - Ukungalingani: Oku kuthetha ukuba ibala okanye isilonda asifani. Ukuba usinqumla phakathi, kubonakala ngathi amacala omabini awafani.
• B - Umda: Ngaba umda wendawo awucacanga? Ingaba ubonakala ungacacanga okanye unwebekile?
• C - Umbala: Ingaba ibala linemibala emininzi endaweni yombala omnye kuphela? (umz. mdaka, mnyama, bomvu, mhlophe)
• D - Ububanzi: Ingaba ibala likhulu kunobukhulu berabha yepensile (malunga neemilimitha ezi-6)?
• E - Ukuguquka kwezinto (ukutshintsha/ukungahlali kwindawo enye): Ingaba indawo iba nkulu ngokuhamba kwexesha? Ingaba iyatshintsha imo, umbala, okanye ubungakanani?

Ukuba ubona naziphi na kwezi mpawu ze-'ABCDE' kwindawo okanye kwinxeba endlebeni yakho, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha uze uhlolwe.

Kutheni sifumana umhlaza wolusu ezindlebeni zethu? Zithini izizathu?

Eyona nto iphambili neyona ixhaphakileyo yomhlaza wesikhumba endlebeni kukuvezwa ixesha elide kwimitha ye-ultraviolet eyingozi (ukukhanya kwe-UV) evela elangeni . Khawuthelekelele ukuba iindlebe zethu zichaphazeleka kangakanani lilanga xa siphuma elangeni. Le mitha ye-'UV' ingonakalisa i-'DNA' kwiiseli zethu zesikhumba. Xa le 'DNA' yonakele, iiseli ziqala ukuziphatha ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ngendlela 'embi'. Ezi seli zonakeleyo zahlukana ngokukhawuleza kwaye zidibana ukuze zenze 'ubuninzi beeseli zomhlaza'.

Akuphelelanga apho, ukudibana rhoqo neekhemikhali ezithile (umz. i-tar, izinto ezisekelwe kumalahle) kunokubangela nomhlaza wolusu endlebeni.

Zeziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wolusu endlebeni?

Intloko, ubuso, neendlebe zethu zichatshazelwa lilanga elingaphezulu kunezinye iindawo zomzimba wethu. Ngoko ke, umngcipheko wokuba iiseli zolusu zonakaliswe yimitha ye-UV uphezulu. Ingakumbi ukuba utshiswe lilanga okanye unamadyungudyungu, umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wolusu uphezulu nangakumbi .

Kukho ezinye izinto ezininzi ezibangela umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wolusu endlebeni:

Iimpawu zomzimba:

• Iinwele zinombala wegolide okanye obomvu , ulusu lumhlophe okanye kukho amabala , kwaye amehlo anombala okhanyayo .
• Ukuba neentsumpa ezininzi okanye amabala angalinganiyo emzimbeni.
• Ukuba nomnqweno wokutsha lilanga lula kwaye/okanye ukuba sele utsha lilanga ngaphambili.

Imbali yosapho kunye neyonyango:

• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nomhlaza wolusu .
• Ukuba ukhe wafakelwa amalungu omzimba .
• Ukuba ubufumana unyango lokukhanya kwe-UV kwiimeko ezifana ne-eczema okanye i-psoriasis.
• Ukuba unesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-'Actinic Keratosis' (amabala arhabaxa, anamaxolo, apinki amnyama okanye amdaka avela eluswini ngaphambi komhlaza).
• Ukuba usela amayeza awenza buthathaka amajoni omzimba .

Indlela yokuphila:

• Umntu ohlala echitha ixesha elangeni . Umzekelo, umlimi osebenza emasimini, umntu osebenza endleleni, umntu odlala imidlalo ngaphandle, okanye umntu othanda nje ukugcakamela ilanga.
• Ukuba uhlala kwindawo enelanga okanye ephezulu .
• Ukuba utshisa i-tan ngaphandle okanye usebenzisa iibhedi zokutshisa i-tan .

Ukuba la manqaku ayasebenza kuwe, kungcono ukuba uqaphele kancinci.

Ugqirha uwufumanisa njani umhlaza wolusu endlebeni?

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unomhlaza wolusu endlebeni yakho, nantsi indlela abaza kuwuxilonga ngayo xa ubona ugqirha:

1. Uvavanyo lomzimba:Okokuqala, ugqirha uza kuhlola ngononophelo umphandle wendlebe yakho ukuze abone iimpawu zomhlaza wolusu. Baza kukubuza malunga naluphi na utshintsho olusandula ukwenzeka kulusu endlebeni yakho.

2. I-Biopsy: Ukuba ugqirha urhanela ukuba kukho umhlaza, uza kwenza i-biopsy. Oku kuthetha ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesikhumba kwindawo ebonakala ingaqhelekanga aze alithumele kwilebhu. Apho, ingcali yezifo iza kulijonga phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze ibone ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza.

3. Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: Ukuba i-biopsy iqinisekisa umhlaza, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela i-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) okanye i-CT scan (Computed Tomography scan) ukuze abone ukuba umhlaza usasazekile na. Olu vavanyo lwemifanekiso lunceda ekumiseleni inqanaba lomhlaza kwaye luncede ekuphuhliseni isicwangciso sonyango.

Khumbula, ukuba ubona indawo engaqhelekanga okanye isilonda endlebeni yakho nangasiphi na isizathu, ungasityesheli. Kububulumko ukubona ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zomhlaza wolusu endlebeni?

Injongo ephambili yokunyanga umhlaza wolusu endlebeni kukubulala iiseli zomhlaza ngelixa kugcinwa izicubu ezisempilweni kangangoko kunokwenzeka . Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kuyila isicwangciso sonyango esisekelwe kwinqanaba lomhlaza wakho (izigaba 0 ukuya kwi-IV). Okukhona inqanaba lomhlaza liphezulu, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba usasazeke.

Kwimeko yomhlaza wolusu okwinqanaba lokuqala (`lenqanaba eliphantsi`), ngamanye amaxesha unokususwa ngokupheleleyo nge-"biopsy". Kukho ezinye iindlela ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo ukususa umhlaza wolusu:

• Utyando olukhethekileyo: Kule nkqubo, ugqirha usebenzisa i-scalpel ebukhali okanye i-razor ukusika indawo enomhlaza kunye nendawo encinci yolusu oluphilileyo oluyijikelezileyo. Oku kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iiseli zomhlaza zisusiwe.
• Ukucoca kunye nokucoca nge-electrodes: Kule ndlela, kusetyenziswa isixhobo esibukhali nesimile okwesangqa ukukrazula umhlaza. Emva koko, kusetyenziswa inaliti yombane ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo.
• Utyando lweMohs: Kutyando lweMohs, ugqirha uqala ngokususa iindawo ezibonakalayo neziphakanyisiweyo zomhlaza aze azijonge phantsi kwe-microscope. Emva koko, iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo zisuswa umaleko ngomaleko. Oku kwenziwa de kungabikho ziseli zomhlaza zibonakalayo. Oku kuvumela ulusu olusempilweni kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba lusindiswe.

Ngaba zikho ezinye iindlela zonyango ngaphandle kotyando?

Ewe, ukongeza kotyando, kukho nezinye iindlela zonyango ezisetyenziselwa umhlaza wolusu lwendlebe. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Ukunika amayeza abulala iiseli zomhlaza.
• I-Cryotherapy: Ukusebenzisa umkhuhlane omkhulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.
• Unyango lwe-immunotherapy:Ukuvuselela amajoni omzimba ukuze alwe neeseli zomhlaza.
• Unyango lwe-Photodynamic: Ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza kusetyenziswa iyeza elikhethekileyo kunye nokukhanya.
• Unyango ngemitha: Ukusetyenziswa kwemitha enamandla aphezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.

Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena.

Ngaba umhlaza wolusu endlebeni ungasasazeka uye engqondweni?

Ewe, inokwenzeka. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukuba umhlaza wolusu lwendlebe awufunyaniswa kwaye awunyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, unokukhula kwaye usasazeke. Ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zingena egazini okanye kwinkqubo ye-lymphatic, zinokuhamba ziye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, nkqu nasebuchotsheni . Yiyo loo nto ukufunyanwa kwangethuba kunye nonyango kubaluleke kangaka.

Ngaba umhlaza wolusu lwendlebe unganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo! Ingakumbi ukuba umhlaza wolusu wendlebe ufunyanwa kwangethuba, oko kukuthi, xa 'ukwinqanaba eliphantsi', amathuba okuba unyango luphumelele aphezulu kakhulu . Kwiimeko ezininzi, lunokunyangwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umhlaza usasazeke, impumelelo yonyango ixhomekeke ekubeni usasazeke phi kwaye ude kangakanani.

Ungawuthintela njani umhlaza wolusu endlebeni?

Bathi, “Ukuthintela kungcono kunokunyanga.” Ngoko ke kukho izinto ezimbalwa esinokuzenza ukuthintela umhlaza wolusu lwendlebe:

1. Ungalibali ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen: Ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen ene-wide-spectrum kunokunciphisa kakhulu umonakalo obangelwa yimitha ye-UV. Kodwa abantu abaninzi bayalibala ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen ebusweni nasezandleni zabo, nasezindlebeni zabo. Faka i-sunscreen ezindlebeni zakho . Ungalibali ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen ngalo lonke ixesha xa uphuma ngaphandle, nokuba kumnyama.

2. Ziphephe ii-'UV' ray: Hlala kwindawo enomthunzi ofanelekileyo nanini na xa kunokwenzeka. Musa ukuhlala elangeni ngokungeyomfuneko. Yeka ukuthambisa isikhumba sakho uze usebenzise 'iibhedi zokuthambisa isikhumba' ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, sebenzisa into efana nomnqwazi okanye isambulela esibanzi.

3. Jonga iindlebe zakho rhoqo: Ulusu olusezindlebeni zakho kunzima ukulubona wedwa. Ngoko ke, sebenzisa ikhamera yefowuni yakho okanye ucele umntu ekhaya ukuba ajonge ulusu lwangaphandle lweendlebe zakho rhoqo . Ukuba ubona naziphi na iindawo ezintsha okanye utshintsho, ziqaphele.

Luhlobo luni lwethemba onokuba nalo xa uphila nomhlaza wolusu endlebeni?

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, iziphumo zomhlaza wolusu zilungile kakhulu xa zifunyenwe kwangethuba . Uninzi lomhlaza wolusu lunokunyangeka xa lufunyenwe ngaphambi kokuba umhlaza usasazeke.

Nangona kunjalo, i-melanoma lolona hlobo luyingozi kakhulu lomhlaza wolusu. Ukuba une-melanoma yendlebe, amazinga okusinda kweminyaka emihlanu ngala alandelayo:

• Ukuba umhlaza ufunyenwe ngaphambi kokuba usasazeke kwi-lymph nodes, unyangeka malunga ne-99% .
• Malunga nama -66% amatyala asasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane.
• Malunga nama -27% asasazeke kwiindawo ezikude ze-lymph nodes nakwezinye izitho zomzimba.

Musa ukothuka zezi zibalo. Ezi zizinto nje eziqhelekileyo. Imeko yomntu wonke yahlukile. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona isifo kwangethuba uze uqale unyango.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha xa ukrokrela ukuba unesifo somhlaza wesikhumba endlebeni yakho?

Kungcono ukubona ugqirha wesikhumba ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka ukuze uhlolwe ulusu lomzimba wakho wonke . Ukongeza, ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nolusu olusezindlebeni zakho, ingakumbi ukuba uqaphela nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubonane nogqirha okanye ugqirha wesikhumba:

• Ukuba ulusu lwakho okanye ii-moles ezikhoyo, ezinje ngee-moles okanye ii-warts, ziyatshintsha ngobukhulu, imo, okanye umbala .
• Ukuba uneqhubu okanye ibala elitsha eluswini lwakho.
• Ukuba kukho inxeba elingapholiyo .
• Ukuba ubona amabala angaqhelekanga eluswini lwakho.
• Ukuba kukho iindawo ezirhawuzelelayo okanye eziphuma igazi .

Musa ukulinda uthi, "Siza kubona kamva." Nokuba kubonakala ngathi yinto encinci, isenokuba sisiqalo sento enzulu.

Yeyiphi imibuzo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyibuze ugqirha?

Xa ufumanisa ukuba unomhlaza, unemibuzo emininzi. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngazo zonke ezi zinto. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo onokuyibuza:

• Loluphi uhlobo lomhlaza wolusu endinalo endlebeni yam?
• Ukweliphi inqanaba lomhlaza lo? `(Umhlaza wolusu ukweliphi inqanaba?)`
• Ngaba ndifuna iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo?
• Uceba ukunyanga njani umhlaza wolusu endlebeni yam?
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zolo nyango?
• Ndiza kuziva njani ngexesha lonyango?
• Ithini ingqikelelo yomhlaza wolusu endlebeni yam?
• Ngaba ndinomngcipheko okhulayo wokufumana ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wolusu?
• Kufuneka ndibuye ixesha elingakanani ukuze ndihlolwe kwakhona?

Le mibuzo iza kukunceda ukhuphe uloyiko kunye namathandabuzo engqondweni yakho.

Zeziphi iintlobo zomhlaza wolusu ezinokuvela endlebeni?

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zomhlaza wolusu onokukhula endlebeni:

1. I-basal cell carcinoma: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wolusu. Luhlala lusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye luyanyangeka kakhulu ukuba lufunyenwe kwangethuba.

2. I-Squamous cell carcinoma: Olu lolona hlobo lomhlaza luxhaphakileyo olufumaneka endlebeni engaphandle. Luyanyangeka ukuba lufunyenwe kwangethuba.

3. I-Melanoma: Le ayixhaphakanga kangako kunezinye iintlobo ezimbini, kodwaI-Melanoma ithathwa njengohlobo lomhlaza wolusu oluyingozi kakhulu kuba inethuba elikhulu lokusasazeka ngaphaya kolusu iye kwezinye izitho zomzimba. Ngenxa yoko, kunokuba nzima ukunyanga nokunyanga.

Uxhaphake kangakanani umhlaza wolusu lwendlebe?

Ukuba uthatha ii-100 zomhlaza wolusu, malunga ne-6 ukuya kwi-10 yazo iya kuba ngumhlaza wendlebe. Oko kuthetha ukuba phakathi kwe-6% kunye ne-10% yazo zonke ii-cutaneous cancers . Ngokubanzi, umhlaza wolusu lolona hlobo lomhlaza oluchongwa rhoqo kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela.

Ekubeni iindlebe zethu zichatshazelwa lula yimisebe ye-'UV' eyingozi evela elangeni, zisengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza wolusu. Ngoko ke, jonga ulusu lwakho rhoqo, ingakumbi iindlebe zakho. Ukuba ubona nantoni na engaqhelekanga eluswini lweendlebe zakho, bona ugqirha. Ukuba unamathandabuzo, kungcono ukuba uyihlole. Okukhona ufumanisa umhlaza wolusu weendlebe ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo zingcono.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, nazi izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule koko sithethe ngako:

• Iindlebe zakho nazo ziyinxalenye yolusu lwakho! Ngoko ke ungalibali ukuzikhusela iindlebe zakho nge-sunscreen xa uphuma elangeni.
• Ukuba ubona nantoni na eluswini lwendlebe yakho, njengebala elitsha, iqhubu, inxeba elingapholiyo, ukutshintsha kombala, ukurhawuzelela, okanye ukopha , musa ukuyityeshela loo nto.
• Sebenzisa umthetho we-ABCDE ukuze unike ingqalelo kutshintsho olukwiindawo ezibonakala ngathi ziindawo ezimnyama.
• Ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba, uninzi lomhlaza wolusu lwendlebe lunokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo.
• Musa ukoyika ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha nanini na xa unamathandabuzo.

Lumka ulusu lwakho, ingakumbi iindlebe zakho. Hlala usempilweni!

Umhlaza wolusu , umhlaza wendlebe, ukukhanya kwelanga, imisebe ye-UV, ukhuseleko lolusu, i-dermatology, i-melanoma