Ngaba uhlala uziva ugula nangona ungenaso isifo somzimba? Makhe sithethe ngale (Somatic Symptom Disorder)!

Ngaba wakha wavakalelwa kukuba nangona uye kugqirha aze athi awunaso isifo esinzima, usaziva ugula kakhulu kwaye uneempawu ezilandelelanayo? Okanye ngaba uziva umthwalo omkhulu kunye nexhala nangona unesifo esincinci? Ngaba ezi zinto ziyakuthintela ekwenzeni imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla ngokufanelekileyo? Ukuba kunjalo, umxholo esiza kuthetha ngawo namhlanje uza kuba ngobaluleke kakhulu kuwe.

Yintoni "iSomatic Symptom Disorder"?

Ngamafutshane, `(Isifo seSomatic Symptom - SSD)` sisifo sengqondo apho ubandezeleka kakhulu kwaye uxhalabele into ethile, nokuba ayisiyonto yokugula ngokwasemzimbeni, okanye mandithi, yinto encinci. Okwenzekayo koku kukuba ixhala lakho kunye noloyiko lwakho kubangela ukuba kuvele iimpawu zomzimba, okanye zenze iimpawu ezikhoyo zibe zimbi ngakumbi. Oku kunokuphazamisa ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla kwaye kunciphise ukonwabela kwakho ubomi.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, aba bantu abenzi nto. Baziva ngokwenene ezo ntlungu, loo nto ingakhululekiyo. Kodwa isizathu sazo sinxulumene nokusebenza kwengqondo kunesifo esinzima emzimbeni. Aba bantu baya koogqirha rhoqo, bafumana iimvavanyo, kodwa abafumani xolo lwengqondo.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-`(Somatic Symptom Disorder)` kunye ne-`(Illness Anxiety Disorder)`?

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba oku kufana na `(Illness Anxiety Disorder)`. Ezi zimbini zahlukile kancinci. Umntu one `(Illness Anxiety Disorder)` uhlala engenazo iimpawu zomzimba ezinkulu, kodwa uhlala ecinga ukuba uza kufumana isifo esinzulu, okanye uyoyika kakhulu ukuba sele enesifo, kwaye yiloo nto ayicingayo. Kodwa kwi `(Somatic Symptom Disorder)`, iimpawu zomzimba ziyavakala, kwaye yiloo nto ayixhalabela kakhulu kwaye ayixhalabelayo.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-`(Conversion Disorder)` kunye ne-`(Somatic Symptom Disorder)`?

Kunjalo nakwi-`(Conversion Disorder - Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder)`. Kule meko, ngenxa yengxaki ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo (kodwa kungekhona ngenxa yomonakalo womzimba kwimithambo-luvo), iimpawu ezinjengokungakwazi ukuhamba, ukungakwazi ukuthetha, kunye nokulahlekelwa yimbono ziyenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-`(Conversion Disorder)`, ixhala eligqithisileyo kunye noxinzelelo malunga neempawu zomzimba ezivelayo ayisiyonto iphambili. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-`(Somatic Symptom Disorder)` , eyona nto iphambili kukukhathazeka kakhulu malunga neempawu zomzimba kunye noxinzelelo oluvelayo ngenxa yoko.

Ichaphazela bani le meko? Ixhaphake kangakanani?

Le meko "(Somatic Symptom Disorder)" inokuchaphazela abantwana, abantu abaselula, kunye nabantu abadala. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimpawu zale meko ziqala ukubonakala ngaphambi kokuba zifikelele kwiminyaka engama-30 ubudala. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abafazi banamathuba aphindwe kalishumi okuyibona le meko kunamadoda.

Oku akuqhelekanga kangako. Oogqirha bathi phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-7% yabantu abadala banokuba nale meko.

Zithini iimpawu ze-`(Somatic Symptom Disorder)`?

Umntu onesi sifo unokufumana iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Ezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• Iintlungu zomzimba (le yeyona mpawu ixhaphakileyo). Isenokuba yiyo nantoni na ukususela kwintloko ebuhlungu, isisu esibuhlungu, ukuya kwiintlungu zamalungu.
• Ukudinwa, ukuziva ungenabomi.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ngamanye amaxesha bubizwa ngokuba yi-"Dyspnea", oko kuthetha ukuziva ufuthanisekile okanye ukuba nobunzima bokuphefumla).

Ezi mpawu zisenokuba zincinci, okanye zibe nzima kakhulu. Kusenokuba kukho uphawu olunye okanye ngaphezulu. Kusenokuba kukho isizathu sezonyango soku, okanye kusenokuba kungabikho sizathu sicacileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukongeza kwezi mpawu zomzimba, iimpawu eziphambili ze-"Somatic Symptom Disorder" yindlela aba bantu abacinga, abaziphatha ngayo, nabavakalelwa ngayo xa besabela kuzo. Oko kukuthi:

• Bayoyika kakhulu baze baxhalabele iimpawu zabo zomzimba.
• Nokuba luphawu oluncinci lucingelwa ukuba luphawu lwesifo esibulalayo. Khawuthelekelele, ukuba uneentlungu zesisu ezincinci, uya kuba nexhala kangangeentsuku, ucinge, 'Owu, andazi nokuba ndikhe ndanomhlaza na.'
• Baya koogqirha baze bafumane iimvavanyo, kodwa xa iziphumo zibuya, abakholwa. Bacinga ukuba, "Ugqirha akanakukwazi ukufumanisa isifo sam."
• Ndivakalelwa kukuba ugqirha akanandaba neempawu zam.
• Ukutshintsha ukusuka komnye ugqirha ukuya komnye, okanye ukufumana amayeza koogqirha abaninzi ngaxeshanye (oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-'doctor shopping').
• Bachitha ixesha elininzi kunye nomgudu becinga ngeengxaki zabo zempilo kwaye befumana izisombululo zazo.
• Basoloko bebonakala benovelwano kakhulu kwimiphumo emibi yamayeza. Bahlala besithi, 'Owu, gqirha, emva kokusela loo mayeza, oku kwenzeke kum, oku kwenzeke kum.'
• Baqala ukuxhomekeka kwabanye. Bacela uncedo, inkxaso yeemvakalelo. Bayacaphuka xa iimfuno zabo zingafezekiswa.
• Iingcinga, iimvakalelo, kunye nokuziphatha malunga neempawu zabo zomzimba kwenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ngokufanelekileyo.

Okubalulekileyo kukuba, phakathi kwama-30% nama-60% abantu abaneSomatic Symptom Disorder basenokuba neengxaki zempilo yengqondo ezihambisanayo ezifana nokuxhalaba kunye/okanye ukudakumba.

Zithini izizathu zoku?

Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Abaphandi bathi kukho izizathu ezininzi ezinokubakho. Ezi ziquka iimpembelelo zemfuza, izinto ezisingqongileyo, kunye nezinto zengqondo. Ezinye zezizathu eziphambili ezichongiweyo zezi:

• Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwesondo ngexesha lobuntwana. Ezi zinto zinokubangela ukwenzakala ngokweemvakalelo.
• Ukungakwazi ukuqonda nokulawula iimvakalelo zomntu ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lobuntwana. Oku ngamanye amaxesha kunokubangelwa zizinto ezifana 'nokungahoywa kwabazali' okanye 'ukungasondelani ngokweemvakalelo', okubangelwa kukungabikho kothando, ingqalelo, okanye ukusondelana ngokweemvakalelo kubazali.
• Ukuxhalabela kakhulu utshintsho emzimbeni wakho kunye noko ukuvayo ('iinkqubo zomzimba'), uhlala uzibuza, 'Ngaba ndiza kugula?'

Ifunyaniswa njani le nto?

Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kuqala akuhlole (`Uvavanyo lomzimba`), kwaye angayalela uvavanyo lwegazi, uvavanyo lomchamo, njl.njl. (`Uvavanyo lwelebhu`). Oku kwenzelwa ukubona ukuba kukho na esinye isizathu somzimba seempawu ozifumanayo. Uza kubuza nangezifo zakho zangaphambili (`Imbali yezeMpilo`).

Emva kwezi mvavanyo, ukuba kuqinisekiswa ukuba awunaso isifo esinzima somzimba, okanye ukuba akukho sizathu sezonyango esifumanekayo malunga nobunzima beempawu zakho, ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kumcebisi wezempilo yengqondo , njengogqirha wengqondo okanye ingcali yezengqondo .

Umcebisi wezempilo yengqondo uza kugqiba ukuba unesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-"Somatic Symptom Disorder" ngokusekelwe kwiindlela ezithile. Ukuze umntu afumanise oku, kufuneka:

1. Kufuneka ube neempawu zomzimba eziphazamisana nobomi bakho bemihla ngemihla nezikubangela uxinezeleko ubuncinane iinyanga ezintandathu .

2. Kwakhona, kufuneka kubekho iingcinga, iimvakalelo, okanye ukuziphatha okugqithisileyo xa kuziwa kwezo mpawu. Oko kukuthi, ubuncinane enye yezi zilandelayo kufuneka ibe khona:

• Ukucinga ngokugqithisileyo nangokude malunga nobunzima beempawu zomzimba.
• Ukuba nexhala elingapheliyo malunga nempilo okanye iimpawu zomzimba.
• Ukuchitha ixesha elininzi namandla amaninzi kwiimpawu zomzimba kunye neengxaki zempilo.

Kubantu abanesi sifo (iSomatic Symptom Disorder)`, ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukwamkela ukuba iinkxalabo zabo kunye noloyiko "lugqithisile."

Ngaba ikhona indlela yokunyanga oku?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Injongo ephambili yonyango kukulawula iimpawu zomzimba ngelixa kunyangwa iimpawu zengqondo. Oku kubandakanya ukuthetha ngeendlela zonyango (psychotherapy) kwaye ngamanye amaxesha amayeza okunceda ixhala kunye nokudakumba okubangelwa yimeko .

Unyango Lokuziphatha Olusebenzisa Ingqondo (i-CBT) luhlobo olusetyenziswa kakhulu lwe-psychotherapy. Lunceda abantu batshintshe iindlela zabo zokucinga kunye nokuziphatha, ngaloo ndlela batshintshe indlela abavakalelwa ngayo. Phantsi kwesikhokelo sengcali yezifo zengqondo okanye ingcali yezengqondo, i-CBT inokunceda abantu bajongane noxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo kwaye bajongane ngempumelelo neemeko ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuba une-`(Somatic Symptom Disorder),`(CBT)` inokukunceda kwizinto ezifana nezi:

• Vavanya iimvakalelo zakho kunye neenkolelo zakho malunga neempawu zakho zomzimba kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.
• Fumana iindlela zokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuxhalaba malunga neempawu zakho.
• Yeka ukuxhalabela iimpawu zakho zomzimba.
• Chonga izinto ezenza iimpawu zakho zomzimba zibe zimbi ngakumbi.
• Nokuba unentlungu okanye ezinye iimpawu, fumana iindlela zokuhlala usempilweni kwaye unxibelelana nabantu.
• Yenza imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla ngcono.

Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza afana ne-antidepressants . Ukongeza ekuphuculeni imo yengqondo, kuye kwaxelwa ukuba la mayeza anceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu ezifana neentlungu, ukudinwa, iintlungu zamalungu, kunye nokungalali.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wale meko?

Izifundo zichonge izinto ezininzi ezibangela umngcipheko ezinegalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwesi sifo. Imizekelo ibandakanya:

• Ingqwalasela egqithisileyo kwiimvakalelo zomzimba.
• Ingxaki Yokusetyenziswa Kweziyobisi.
• Ingxaki Yokusetyenziswa Kotywala.
• Ukungahoywa ngexesha lobuntwana.
• Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwesondo.
• Indlela yokuphila engaqhelekanga/Ukwenzakala.
• Ukugula ixesha elide ngexesha lobuntwana (`Isifo esingapheliyo ngexesha lobuntwana`).
• Ukuba nezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo, ingakumbi ixhala okanye ukudakumba.
• Ukuba neengxaki ezithile zobuntu, umzekelo, i-Avoidant Personality Disorder, i-Paranoid Personality Disorder, kunye ne-Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder.

Unyango lwengqondo lunokunceda abantu abane-SSD bafunde ezinye iindlela zokujongana noxinzelelo kunye nezinto ezibangela ukuba iimpawu zinyuke. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa ubukhali beempawu zabo.

Ithini ingqikelelo yale meko?

Isifo seSomatic Symptom Disorder sisenokuba yimeko yexesha elide (engapheliyo). Oko kukuthi, inokuba yimeko apho iimpawu zifika zidlule, kunye namaxesha okuxolelwa, ahlala ukusuka kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ukuya kwiminyaka.

Ukuba ayinyangwa, iSomatic Symptom Disorder inokubangela oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuncitshiswa kwemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.
• Ukungakwazi ukufumana umsebenzi okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle emsebenzini.
• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.
• Umgangatho wobomi ophantsi.
• Ukuxhomekeka kutywala neziyobisi.

Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ngonyango, abantu abaninzi banokufumana unyango okanye ukuncipha okukhulu kweempawu zabo. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuhlala unethemba.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe uneSomatic Symptom Disorder, ukulandela la manyathelo kuya kukunceda kunyango lwakho nasekuchacheni:

• Yakha ubudlelwane obuhle, obusebenzisanayo, nobunokuthembana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo oyintloko, ugqirha ombona rhoqo.
• Gcina ugqirha ofanayo. Oku kunokukunceda uphephe iimvavanyo kunye nonyango olungeyomfuneko.
• Bona ugqirha wakho rhoqo ukuze ubone ukuba uhlangabezana njani neempawu zakho zomzimba.
• Bona ingcali yakho yezempilo yengqondo (ingcali yezengqondo okanye umcebisi) rhoqo ukuze ulawule kwaye ubeke iliso kwiimpawu zakho zempilo yengqondo, ezinje ngokuxhalaba kakhulu kunye noloyiko.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha ngale nto?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonana nomboneleli wakho wezempilo oyintloko kunye/okanye ingcali yezempilo yengqondo ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi:

• Ukuba uziva uxhalabile kakhulu ngeempawu zakho zomzimba kangangokuba awukwazi ukwenza nto ngazo, okanye ukuba ziphazamisana nemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla.
• Ukuba uneempawu zokuxhalaba okanye ukudakumba (ukuziva ulusizi ngalo lonke ixesha, ungenamdla kwinto ethile, unengxaki yokulala, ukungakwazi ukutya, njl.njl.).

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba iSomatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) yimeko yempilo yengqondo. Njengazo zonke iimeko zempilo yengqondo, ukufuna uncedo ngokukhawuleza xa iimpawu zibonakala kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka ebomini bakho. Iingcali zempilo yengqondo zinokubonelela ngezicwangciso zonyango ukukunceda ulawule iingcinga zakho kunye nokuziphatha kwakho.

Ngoko ke, yintoni esiyithathayo kweli bali?

Ngamafutshane, "Isifo Somatic Symptom Disorder" yimeko apho uxhalaba kakhulu kwaye uxhalabele iimpawu zomzimba, nokuba akukho sifo sibalulekileyo emzimbeni wakho. Le asiyonto uyicingayo, yinto oyivayo ngokwenene. Isizathu sale nto sinxulumene kakhulu nengqondo kunomzimba.

• Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, oko kuthetha ukuba kunye neempawu zomzimba, ufumana uloyiko olukhulu kunye nexhala ngayo, nto leyo ephazamisa imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla, ungabi nantloni okanye woyike ukubona ugqirha okanye umcebisi wezempilo yengqondo .
• Ngonyango olufanelekileyo (ingakumbi unyango lwengqondo olufana ne-CBT kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, amayeza) kunye nenkxaso, le meko inokulawulwa kakuhle.
• Awuwedwa, nabanye abantu baye bahlangabezana nezi zinto. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukucela uncedo nokufuna unyango. Zininzi iindlela zokufumana isiqabu.

Ingxaki yeempawu zomzimba, iimpawu zomzimba, impilo yengqondo, ixhala, ukudakumba, i-CBT, unyango lwengqondo