Ukulimala okukhulu emgogodleni: Funda ngokulimala komqolo

Ngaba wakha wambona umntu engakwazi ukuhamba okanye ukulahlekelwa lilungu emva kwengozi? Isizathu esiphambili seemeko ezinzima kangaka sinokuba kukonakala komqolo, okuyi-nerve cord ephambili edlula emqolo wethu. Esi sisifo abantu abaninzi abasoyikayo, kwaye sikwasisifo esibi kakhulu. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni kanye kanye iSpinal Cord Injury?

Ngamafutshane, ukwenzakala komqolo (SCI) kukwenzakala komqolo, eyona ntambo iphambili yomqolo ngaphakathi komqolo wethu. Le ntambo yomqolo ithwala kwaye idlulisele imiyalezo esuka kwingqondo yethu iye phantse kuwo onke amanye amalungu omzimba wethu. Lo monakalo ungahluka ukusuka kumanqanaba amancinci, alawulekayo ukuya kumanqanaba aqatha kakhulu, obomi bonke.

Cinga ngenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo njengendlela enkulu. Iinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili zale ndlela yingqondo kunye nomqolo. Le ndlela inkulu ineendlela zezithuthi (imiyalezo) ezivela engqondweni, kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zezithuthi (imiyalezo) eziya engqondweni.

Imithambo-luvo ephuma kwi-spinal cord ifana neendlela eziya kwindlela enkulu neziya ngaphandle kwayo. Imiyalezo ihamba iye kuzo zonke iindawo zomzimba ngezi ndlela zingena ngaphandle kwayo.

Ngoku, ukwenzakala komqolo kufana nokuvalwa kwendlela enkulu. Kodwa ebomini bokwenyani, ngokungafaniyo nendlela enkulu, akukho ndlela iphambukayo xa umqolo wonzakele. Ukuba indlela ivaliwe, izithuthi (imiyalezo) ezidlula kuyo azikwazi ukuya apho kufuneka ziye khona. Ukuba umonakalo mkhulu, ezi ndlela zivaliweyo zinokuba ngunaphakade. Yiyo loo nto kuvela iimpawu ezinzima ezifana nokungakwazi ukuhamba kakuhle.

Uzihlela njani ezi monakalo?

Oogqirha bahlulahlula ukwenzakala komgogodla (SCI) ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili. Enye isekelwe kwindawo yokwenzakala. Enye isekelwe kubukhulu bengozi. Khumbula, oku kunokuphazamisa imiyalezo ehamba iye naphi na kuwo onke amalungu omzimba angaphantsi kwengozi.

Uhlu ngokwendawo yomonakalo

Umqolo wethu wahlulwe waba ziinxalenye ezininzi. Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni leliphi icala elonakeleyo.

• Umqolo womlomo wesibeleko: Oku kukwintamo yakho. Kuqala ezantsi kwentloko yakho ukuya kwinqanaba lamagxa akho. Umonakalo kule ndawo ngowona unzima.
• Umqolo wesifuba: Oku kususela kwisisu esingaphezulu ukuya kwinqanaba le-pelvis.
• Umqolo weLumbar: Oku kukwisiqu esisezantsi.
• Umqolo weSacral: Oku kuqulathe iingcambu zemithambo-luvo ezisuka ezantsi ukusuka ezinqeni.

Uhlu ngokobukhulu bomonakalo

Oku kukuxelela ukuba ungakanani umonakalo owenziweyo kwi-nerve cord.

• Umonakalo ongaphelelanga:Kungathi zimbalwa iindlela ezivaliweyo kwindlela enkulu. Ezinye zeendlela zisasebenza, ngoko ke kusekho ukusebenza okushiyekileyo kwiindawo ezingaphantsi komonakalo.
• Gqibezela: Oku kuthetha ukuba zonke iindlela zomgaqo zivaliwe. Akukho miyalezo inokuhanjwa. Oku kudla ngokubangela ukulahleka okungapheliyo kwayo yonke imisebenzi engaphantsi komonakalo.

Zithini iimpawu zale meko?

Iimpawu ezenzekayo xa umqolo wonzakele zixhomekeke ekubeni zeziphi iintlobo zemiyalezo eziphazamisekileyo. Iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zemiyalezo zinokuchaphazeleka.

Zithini izizathu eziphambili zokonakala komqolo?

Zininzi izizathu zokuba kwenzeke le meko imbi kangaka. Iingozi zezona zibangela.

• Iingozi zeemoto: Le yimbangela ye-37% yokwenzakala komqolo.
• Ukuwa: Izinto ezifana nokuwa ukusuka phezulu, ukutyibilika, njl. Ezi zibalelwa malunga ne-31%.
• Izenzo zobundlobongela: Ukulimala komqolo okubangelwa zizinto ezifana nokudutyulwa nokuhlatywa. Oku kubalelwa malunga ne-15%.
• Iingozi zemidlalo: Malunga ne-8% yokulimala kwenzeka ngenxa yemisebenzi efana nokuntywila, ingakumbi phantsi kwamanzi.

Ukongeza kwezi ngozi, ezinye iimeko zonyango zinokubangela umonakalo kumqolo.

• I-Osteoporosis.
• Iithumba kunye nomhlaza womqolo.
• Ii-cysts ezizaliswe lulwelo ngaphakathi kwi-spinal cord (iSyringomyelia).
• Iintsholongwane.
• Ukuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwi-spinal cord (ischemia).
• Ezinye iziphene zokuzalwa (i-Spina bifida).
• Iimeko zokuzikhusela komzimba ezifana ne-Guillain-Barré syndrome kunye ne-multiple sclerosis.
• Umothuko wombane.

Ziziphi iingxaki eziyingozi zoku?

Iziphumo zokulimala komqolo zinokuba yingozi kwaye zihlale ubomi bonke. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukukhubazeka komzimba.

• I-Tetraplegia: Oku ngamanye amaxesha kubizwa ngokuba yi-"quadriplegia." Oku kukulahlekelwa ngamandla ukusuka entanyeni ukuya ezantsi. Oku kwenzeka xa umqolo wesibeleko wonakele.
• I-Paraplegia: Oku kukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi kwinxalenye esezantsi yomzimba, oko kukuthi, imilenze kunye nomzimba ongezantsi. Oku kwenzeka xa iindawo zesifuba okanye ezisezantsi zonakele.

Ukongeza koku, kukho nezinye iingxaki ezininzi ezinokwenzeka:

• Intlungu ye-neuropathic
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga
• Usulelo lwendlela yomchamo
• Amahlwili egazi emilenzeni nasemiphungeni
• Izilonda zoxinzelelo
• Usulelo olunzima olufana ne-sepsis
• Ukufa (ingakumbi ukuba ukwenzakala kumqolo ongasentla)

Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le nto?

Xa kurhanelwa ukuba kukho ukwenzakala komqolo, oogqirha basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa oko.

1. Uvavanyo lomzimba: Fumana umbono osisiseko wobungakanani bomonakalo.

2.Uvavanyo lwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo: Lujonga ukuba amalungu omzimba angashukunyiswa na, ukuba anamandla kangakanani, ukuba anemvakalelo kangakanani, kwaye ayakwazi ukusabela njani.

3. Iiskeni zomfanekiso: Iskeni ye-CT (i-Computed Tomography) inokubona ngokukhawuleza umonakalo emathanjeni. Iskeni ye-MRI (i-Magnetic Resonance Imaging) inokuvelisa umfanekiso ocacileyo wamathambo, izicubu ezithambileyo, kunye nemithambo-luvo.

4. Ezinye iimvavanyo: Uvavanyo olufana ne-electromyography, olulinganisa imiqondiso yombane evela kwimisipha, lunokunceda ekufumaneni indawo echanekileyo yomonakalo wemithambo-luvo.

Iphathwa njani?

Iindlela zonyango zahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nesizathu somonakalo.

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntu ube sengozini waza wenzakala emqolo, musa ukuzama ukumshukumisa okanye ukumphakamisa nangasiphi na isizathu. Okukuphela kwento eyahlukileyo kukuba umntu akasuswanga kwaye kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokwenzakala okusongela ubomi (umzekelo, ukuba imoto iyatsha). Ukuba umntu ongaqeqeshwanga uyamshukumisa, umonakalo unokuba mbi nangakumbi. Fowunela i-ambulensi ngoko nangoko uze umse kwigumbi likaxakeka (ETU) lesibhedlele.

Kwigumbi likaxakeka nakwiyunithi yokhathalelo oluphezulu esibhedlele (ICU), injongo ephambili yoogqirha kukuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi kwintambo yomqolo.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili zonyango:

• Utyando: Utyando lwenziwa ukuze kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo kumqolo kunye nokulungisa umonakalo kwizicubu ezingqongileyo.
• Amayeza: Amayeza anjengee-steroids anikwa ukunciphisa ukudumba okujikeleze umqolo.
• Ukutsala: Le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukugcina indawo eyonzakeleyo ingashukumi.
• Izixhobo zokuxhasa: Izixhobo ezifana neekhola (iibraces) kunye neehalo zinceda ukuzinzisa indawo eyonzakeleyo.

Ukongeza, oogqirha bagxile kunyango olutsha olusesekwinqanaba lophando.

Ukhathalelo lwexesha elide kunye nokuvuselelwa

Umntu onesifo sokulimala komqolo uya kufuna unyango olongezelelekileyo kangangeeveki neenyanga, mhlawumbi ubomi bakhe bonke.

• Unyango lomzimba: Lunceda ukwakha amandla kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokuphila nokulimala.
• Unyango lomsebenzi: Uqeqesho lokwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ngokuzimela.
• Unyango lokuthetha: Lunceda abantu abenzakeleyo kumqolo ongasentla abaneengxaki zokuginya kunye nokunxibelelana.
• Inkxaso yempilo yengqondo:Xa into efana nale isenzeka, inokuba yingozi kakhulu, kungekuphela nje ngokwasemzimbeni, kodwa nangokwengqondo. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna uncedo kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo.

Ngaba le meko ingaphetshwa?

Uninzi lweziphene zomqolo zibangelwa ziingozi ezingalindelekanga, kodwa kukho izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko.

• Nxiba izixhobo zokhuseleko kunye neebhanti zesihlalo ngokuchanekileyo.
• Qhuba ngononophelo nangokukhuselekileyo.
• Kuphephe ukuwa. Lumka kwiindawo ezityibilikayo ekhayeni lakho.
• Kuphephe ukuntywila kwiindawo apho ungenakubona khona ezantsi kwamanzi.
• Kuphephe ukusebenzisa utywala neziyobisi. Ezi zinto zinokunyusa kakhulu umngcipheko weengozi.