Ngaba nawe uyafuna ukwazi ngesi sifo sithwalwa ziingcongconi? Masithethe ngeSt. Louis Encephalitis Virus!

Iingcongconi aziqhelekanga kwilizwe lethu. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba ezinye iingcongconi zinokusasaza izifo eziyingozi? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esingaqhelekanga kodwa esinokuba yingozi esisasazwa ziingcongconi. Esi sisifo iSt. Louis Encephalitis Virus, okanye iSLEV ngamafutshane.

Yintoni iSt. Louis Encephalitis Virus (SLEV)? Isasazeka njani?

Ngamafutshane, le yintsholongwane esasazwa ziingcongconi. Isasazwa ngokukodwa yingcongconi yaseCulex. Xa le ntsholongwane ingena emzimbeni wakho, eyona nto iyingozi kukuba inokubangela ukudumba ngaphakathi kwengqondo, oku kukudumba. Ngokwezonyango, oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-encephalitis.

Uninzi lwabantu lufumana i-SLEV ngokulunywa yingcongconi enesifo. Nangona kunjalo, ayisasazeki ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye ngokuxhawulana izandla, ukuwolana, ukusela kwiglasi enye, okanye ukwanga. Oko kuyanceda kakhulu, akunjalo? Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu, ukuba ingasasazeki ngokutofelwa igazi .

Iphi le sifo ixhaphake kakhulu? Ingaba ixhaphake kakhulu?

Esi sifo, esibizwa ngokuba yi-SLEV, asixhaphakanga kangako. Uninzi lweziganeko zibikwa zivela eMelika, ingakumbi kumazwe asempuma, embindini, nakumazantsi-ntshona. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zigulana zikwabikwa nakwamanye amazwe afana neArgentina, iKhanada, iCaribbean, neMexico.

Ngokutsho kweZiko loLawulo lweZifo lase-US (i-CDC), zingaphezulu kancinci nje kwe-300 iimeko ze-SLEV eziye zaxelwa phakathi kowama-2003 nowama-2024. E-US, esi sifo sidla ngokuvela ngexesha lonyaka oshushu, ukususela ngoJuni ukuya ku-Okthobha. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezifudumeleyo, sinokwenzeka unyaka wonke.

Zithini ezi mpawu ze-SLEV?

Iimpawu ze-SLEV ziyahluka. Ngamanye amaxesha usenokungabi nazo naziphi na iimpawu kwaphela, okanye usenokuba neempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo.

Iimpawu ezibuthathaka

Ezi ziimpawu ezincinci eziqhele ukubonwa:

• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu (ndidinwe kakhulu)
• Ifiva
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha
• Isicaphucaphu

Iimpawu eziqatha

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-SLEV iba nkulu, inokubangela ukudumba kwengqondo, nto leyo esiyikhankanyileyo ngaphambili, i-encephalitis. Iimpawu ziyingozi ngakumbi:

• Utshintsho kwindlela osebenza ngayo ingqondo yakho, njengokudideka, ukuxhalaba, kunye nokudideka
• Intamo eqinileyo
• Ukungcangcazela okungalawulekiyo kwamalungu omzimba (ukungcangcazela)

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ubonakalisa iimpawu zokulahlekelwa zingqondo, kufuneka uye kwigumbi likaxakeka esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. Kubaluleke kakhulu!

Kwiimeko ezinzima ze-SLEV, i-coma kunye nokufa kunokwenzeka.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba iimpawu zibonakale?

Kudla ngokuthatha iintsuku ezine ukuya kwezilishumi elinesine ukuba iimpawu ze-SLEV zibonakale emva kokuba ulunywe yingcongconi enesifo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba lixesha lokufukama, okanye ixesha nje ngaphambi kokuba iimpawu zibonakale.

Ikhula njani i-encephalitis yaseSt. Louis?

Iingcongconi zifumana i-SLEV ngokufunxa igazi leentaka ezineentsholongwane. Emva koko, xa ezi ncongconi zineentsholongwane ziluma ulusu lwakho, oko kukuthi, xa zifunxa igazi, intsholongwane ye-SLEV ingena emzimbeni wakho. Okubalulekileyo kukuba, abantu bathathwa 'njengabasindisi abangapheliyo' bale ntsholongwane. Uyazi ukuba kutheni? Awunawo amanqanaba aphezulu entsholongwane egazini lakho, ngoko ke awunakusasaza esi sifo komnye umntu. Ukuba umntu ufumana i-SLEV, akufuneki azihlukanise, anxibe imaski, okanye abulale iintsholongwane emakhayeni akhe.

Kodwa njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, kunqabile kakhulu ukuba olu sulelo lusasazeke ngokutofelwa igazi.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa oku?

Intsholongwane ye-encephalitis yaseSt. Louis sisifo esingaqhelekanga, kodwa usenokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana i-SLEV ukuba:

• Ukuba uhlala okanye usebenza kwiindawo apho i-SLEV ixhaphakileyo khona, ingakumbi kufutshane neendawo apho iingcongconi zizalela khona, njengeendawo zamanzi, imigxobhozo, okanye iindawo ezinamahlathi.
• Ukuba uchitha ixesha elininzi ngaphandle kwiindawo ezinesifo sobhubhane, ingakumbi kusasa nangokuhlwa, kuba kulapho iingcongconi zisebenza khona kakhulu.

Ngubani onokuba neempawu ze-SLEV ezinzima?

Usenokwenzeka ukuba ube neempawu ze-SLEV ezinzima ukuba ezi zinto ziyasebenza kuwe:

• Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 ubudala.
• Ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka.
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile .

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zentsholongwane ye-encephalitis yaseSt. Louis?

Nokuba unyango luphumelele, i-SLEV inokubangela iingxaki ezithile ezihlala ixesha elide. Oku kuthetha ukuba ezinye iingxaki zisenokuhlala zikho nasemva kokuba isifo siphelile. Umzekelo:

• Utshintsho kwindlela oziphatha ngayo. Oku kuquka izinto ezifana nokucaphuka msinya, ixhala, ukudakumba, kunye nokucaphuka.
• Ubunzima bokuhamba.
• Ubunzima bokukhumbula izinto (ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo).
• Kwakhona, i-SLEV inokubangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo ebantwaneni abancinci .

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani intsholongwane ye-encephalitis yaseSt. Louis?

Ugqirha uza kuqala akubuze ngembali yakho yezonyango, iimpawu, aze enze uvavanyo lomzimba. Emva koko angakubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngaba ukhe wahamba naphi na kutshanje?
• Ngaba ukhe walunywa ziingcongconi kutshanje?
• Zilunywe nini iingcongconi?
• Uqale nini ukuqaphela iimpawu?

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba une-SLEV, uza kuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwe-serological. Oku kukhangela ii-antibodies egazini lakho, ngakumbi i-antibody ebizwa ngokuba yi-Immunoglobulin M (IgM). Inkqubo yakho yomzimba yenza ezi antibodies ukuba zikukhusele kwintsholongwane. Ezi antibodies ziveliswa nakwintsholongwane ye-SLEV.

Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha banokucebisa ukuba uthathe isampuli yolwelo lwakho lomqolo (umqolo otyhafileyo/ukubhobozwa kwe-lumbar) ukujonga ii-antibodies ze-IgM kwi-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Iphathwa njani i-SLEV?

Akukho nyango lukhethekileyo lwentsholongwane ye-encephalitis yaseSt. Louis. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uneempawu ezincinci, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa oku kulandelayo:

• Xa uneentloko ezibuhlungu, thatha amayeza okudambisa iintlungu anjenge-acetaminophen (umz. iTylenol®), i-aspirin (umz. iBayer®, iBufferin®), i-ibuprofen (umz. i-Advil®, iMotrin IB®), okanye i-naproxen sodium (umz. i-Aleve®).
• Ukusela amanzi amaninzi, ingakumbi amanzi, yindlela elungileyo yokuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
• Amayeza okunyanga isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-bismuth subsalicylate (umz. iPepto-Bismol®) kunye nesisombululo se-phosphorus carbohydrate (umz. iEmetrol®).

Kodwa ukuba uneempawu eziqatha, kunokufuneka ulaliswe esibhedlele kwaye ujongwe. Ukuba i-SLEV ibangela ukudumba okukhulu engqondweni yakho, ugqirha wotyando unokufuna ukususa inxalenye yolusu lwakho (craniotomy) ukuze anciphise uxinzelelo engqondweni yakho.

Ngaba i-SLEV inganyangwa ngamayeza okulwa neentsholongwane?

Hayi, amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane awanakunyanga i-SLEV. Iimpawu ezingembi kangako zinokuthomalaliswa ngamayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha.

Ngaba ikho igonyo le-SLEV?

Hayi, akukho gonyo lifunyenweyo lokukhusela kwi-SLEV.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphiliswa?

Ixesha elithathayo ukuze uphile lixhomekeke kubukhulu bosulelo. Kwiimeko ezincinci, iimpawu zakho zinokuphela kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimpawu zingathatha iinyanga ezininzi ukuba ziphele ngokupheleleyo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu zentsholongwane ye-encephalitis yaseSt. Louis, ingakumbi ukuba usandul’ ukulunywa yingcongconi, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko. Ugqirha unokuvavanya iimpawu zakho, enze naluphi na uvavanyo olufunekayo, aze acebise unyango.

Ungabuza ugqirha imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngaba iimpawu zam ziyingozi kakhulu?
• Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndilaliswe esibhedlele?
• Ndiza kuqala nini ukuziva ngcono?
• Ndingazilawula njani iimpawu zam ekhaya?
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na iimpawu ezinzulu ekufuneka ndizazi?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndibuye ukuze ndifumane idinga lokulandelelana?

Ndingalindela ntoni ukuba ndinayo le meko?

Uninzi lwabantu abafumana intsholongwane ye-encephalitis yaseSt. Louis abanazo iimpawu, okanye iimpawu zabo zincinci kakhulu. Ungaphila ngaphambi kokuba intsholongwane ibangele ukudumba engqondweni yakho. Nangona kunjalo, inokuba yingozi ebomini, ingakumbi ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50, unesifo seswekile, okanye unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka. Ukuba uneempawu, bona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso. Uza kukuxelela into omawuyilindele.

Lingakanani izinga lokufa kwabantu abane-encephalitis yaseSt. Louis?

Izinga lokufa kwabantu abanesifo se-SLEV liphakathi kwe-5 kunye ne-20 kwi-100. Eli zinga liphezulu ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwe-50 ubudala okanye unoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu).

Ngaba intsholongwane ye-encephalitis yaseSt. Louis ingathintelwa?

Njengoko sele sitshilo, akukho gonyo lokuthintela intsholongwane ye-encephalitis yaseSt. Louis. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kwi-SLEV kukuphepha iingcongconi. Ungenza oku kulandelayo ukuze uzikhusele kwiingcongconi:

• Kuphephe ukuhamba uye kwiindawo apho i-SLEV ixhaphake khona.
• Ukuphepha amanzi amileyo, njengamachibi nemigxobhozo. Kwakhona, soloko ukhupha amanzi kwiindawo zokuhlambela iintaka, iibhakethi, iitini zokunkcenkceshela, kunye neetini zenkunkuma. Oku kungenxa yokuba iingcongconi zizalela emanzini amileyo.
• Ukufaka izikrini eziqinileyo kwiifestile nakwiingcango zekhaya lakho.
• Ukusebenzisa into yokugxotha izinambuzane xa uphuma ngaphandle.
• Xa uchitha ixesha ngaphandle, nxiba iihempe ezinkulu, ezinemikhono emide, iibhulukhwe kunye neekawusi.

Kutheni oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-St. Louis encephalitis?

Esi sifo sibizwa ngokuba yi-St. Louis encephalitis kuba intsholongwane yaqala ukubonwa ngo-1933 eSt. Louis, eMissouri, e-USA. Ngelo xesha, kwaxelwa amatyala angaphezu kwe-1,000.

Ndinganikela ngegazi ukuba ndinosulelo lwentsholongwane ye-encephalitis yaseSt. Louis?

Hayi, awunakunikela ngegazi ukuba une-SLEV sulelo esebenzayo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ukwazi ukunikela ngegazi malunga neenyanga ezine emva kokuba usulelo luphelile. Ngaphambi kokuba unikele ngegazi, qiniseka ukuba uxelele ugqirha ukuba usandul' ukuba nosulelo lwe-SLEV.

Ixesha elininzi, iingcongconi ziyacaphukisa. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zinokuthwala izifo, kwaye xa zikuluma, zinokukudlulisela kuwe. Intsholongwane ye-encephalitis yaseSt. Louis yenye yezifo ezinjalo. Kubantu abaninzi, umngcipheko wokugula kakhulu ngenxa yayo uphantsi. Kodwa iimpawu ezinzima, ngamanye amaxesha ezisongela ubomi, zinokubakho. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kukuphepha iingcongconi, ingakumbi kwiindawo apho i-SLEV ixhaphake khona. Ukuba ulunywe yingcongconi kwaye ubonakalise iimpawu ze-SLEV, bona ugqirha. Unokuyinyanga iimpawu zakho kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, akubeke esweni ukuqinisekisa ukuba azibi mbi.

Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule kweli nqaku

Intsholongwane ye-encephalitis yaseSt. Louis (SLEV) sisifo esithwalwa ziingcongconi esinokubangela ukudumba kwengqondo (encephalitis). Asiqhelekanga ukuba sidluliselwe komnye umntu siye komnye.

• Iimpawu zingaqala kwizinga eliphantsi (umkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu) ukuya kwizinga eliqatha (ukudideka, intamo elukhuni). Ukuba ufumana iimpawu eziqatha, yiya esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza.
• Akukho nyango okanye isitofu esithile sokugonya oku. Unyango lolweempawu.
• Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuzikhusela kwiingcongconi. Yenza izinto ezifana nokususa amanzi angcolileyo, ukusebenzisa izinto ezigxotha iingcongconi, kunye nokunxiba impahla egquma umzimba wakho.
• Ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50, unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, okanye unesifo seswekile, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nesifo esibi kakhulu.
• Ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye iimpawu, ungaze ulibazise ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

I- St. Louis Encephalitis, i-SLEV, iingcongconi, intsholongwane, ukudumba kobuchopho, i-Encephalitis, iimpawu, uthintelo