Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika, wothukile, kwaye ungaqinisekanga xa ugqirha wakho ekuxelela okanye umntu omaziyo ukuba unomhlaza webele "weSigaba sesiThathu". Imibuzo efana nokuthi 'Ndenze ntoni ngoku?', 'Ngaba oku kuyanyangeka?', 'Ngaba unyango luza kuba nzima?' mhlawumbi ifika engqondweni. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Amayeza anamhlanje aphucukile kakhulu. Ke namhlanje, masithethe ngale meko kunye nonyango oluphumelelayo lwayo ngendlela elula kakhulu onokuyiqonda.
Yintoni kanye kanye 'iSigaba sesiThathu'?
Ngamafutshane, kweli nqanaba, umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwebele ukuya kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane, okanye ngokwentetho eqhelekileyo, ukuya emakhwapheni. Ngamanye amaxesha, ithumba linokukhula libe likhulu kangangokuba linamathele eludongeni lwesifuba okanye kulusu lwebele ngokwalo.
Liyinyaniso elokuba oku kuvakala kuyoyikisa, kodwa into ebalulekileyo kukuba kweli nqanaba, kungasetyenziswa indibaniselwano yonyango endaweni yendlela enye yonyango, kwaye iziphumo eziphumelelayo kakhulu zinokufumaneka.
Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezi ndlela zonyango.
Zeziphi iindlela zonyango eziphambili?
Xa unyanga umhlaza webele wesigaba sesi-3, iqela lakho lezonyango liza kuyila isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kwimeko yakho. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango eziphambili ezisetyenziselwa oku. Makhe sizijonge.
| Indlela yonyango | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Unyango ngamakhemikhali | Ukunika amayeza anamandla okutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. |
| Utyando | Ukususwa ngotyando kwethumba elinomhlaza kunye nezicubu ezingqongileyo. |
| Unyango lweMisebe | Ukusebenzisa imitha enamandla aphezulu ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo. |
| Unyango lweHormone | Ukuyeka ukusebenza kweehomoni ezinceda ukukhula komhlaza. |
| Unyango olujoliswe kulo | Unyango olujolise kwinkqubo ethile kwiiseli zomhlaza. |
Kulungile, masithethe ngenkqubo nganye yonyango ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.
Unyango ngamakhemikhali
Olu lolona nyango lusetyenziswa kakhulu kumhlaza wesigaba sesi-3.
- Ngaphambi kotyando: Ngamanye amaxesha, xa kukho iithumba ezinkulu, i-chemotherapy inikwa ngaphambi kotyando ukuze inciphise ithumba . Oku kwenza utyando lube lula kwaye luphumelele ngakumbi.
- Emva kotyando: I-chemotherapy inceda ekutshabalaliseni naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezinokuthi zihlale emzimbeni emva kotyando, kodwa zingabonakali emehlweni.
- Njengonyango oluphambili: Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba utyando alunakwenzeka, i-chemotherapy isetyenziswa njengonyango oluphambili.
Olu nyango lunokuthathwa njengepilisi okanye ulwelo, kodwa luhlala lunikwa ngomthambo (ngomthambo okanye nge-IV). Uya kunikwa ikhefu phakathi kwemijikelo ukuze umzimba wakho ukwazi ukuziqhelanisa.
Utyando
Utyando lwenziwa emva kokuba i-chemotherapy inciphise ithumba. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili:
- Ukususwa kwethumba: Oku kuquka ukususa ithumba elinomhlaza kunye nenani elincinci lezicubu eziphilileyo ezijikeleze lona, ukushiya ibele liphelele.
- Ukususwa kwebele: Oku kuquka ukususwa kwebele lonke.
Nokuba utyando luni na, ii-lymph nodes ezikwikhwapha apho umhlaza usasazeke khona nazo ziya kususwa . Emva kotyando, ingakumbi emva kotyando lwe-mastectomy, unokukhetha ukwenza utyando lokwakha amabele ukuba uyafuna. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.
Unyango lweMisebe
Emva kotyando, olu nyango lusetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli ezincinci zomhlaza ezinokuthi zihlale kwindawo yotyando. Kufana nokukhuhla nokuhlambulula kakuhle. Oku kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokubuyela komhlaza kwindawo efanayo.
Unyango lweHormone
Olu nyango alufanelekanga kuye wonke umntu. Lubaluleke kuphela kubantu abanomhlaza "one-hormone receptor-positive" .
Ithetha ntoni le nto?
Ngamafutshane, iihomoni ezifana ne-estrogen emizimbeni yethu zinceda ezo seli zomhlaza zikhule. Ngoko ke olu nyango luthintela ezo homoni ekufikeleleni kwiiseli zomhlaza okanye luthintele ukusebenza kwezo homoni.
- Iyeza elithi 'Tamoxifen' lisetyenziswa kakhulu kule njongo.
- Izithinteli ze-Aromatase, ezifana ne-anastrozole (Arimidex) kunye ne-letrozole (Femara), zinikwa abafazi abasele beyekile ukuya exesheni.
Indlela entsha yonyango: Unyango olujoliswe kuyo
Le yenye yezona zinto ziphambili zonyango lomhlaza. Ngokungafaniyo ne-chemotherapy, olu nyango lujolise kubuthathaka okanye kwithagethi ethile kwiiseli zomhlaza.
- Umhlaza One-HER2 Positive: Eminye imihlaza yamabele ineproteni eninzi ebizwa ngokuba yi-'HER2'. Oku kubangela ukuba umhlaza ukhule ngokukhawuleza. Aba bantu banikwa amayeza afana ne-'trastuzumab (Herceptin)' kunye ne-'pertuzumab (Perjeta).' La mayeza asebenza ngokuthintela ukusebenza kweproteni ye-'HER2' nokulawula umhlaza.
- Utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA: Eminye imingxunya ibangelwa kukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kwi-'BRCA` gene. Kwaba bantu, udidi lwamayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-'PARP inhibitors' (umz. `olaparib (Lynparza)`) lunokuba luncedo kakhulu.
- Ukongeza, kukho ezinye iindlela zonyango ezijoliswe kuzo ezifana ne-'CDK 4/6 inhibitors' kunye ne-'PIK3CA inhibitors'. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza wakho, oogqirha baya kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele wena.
Kwakhona cinga ngezilingo zeklinikhi.
Ezi zizifundo ezisakwinqanaba lophando, ezivavanya unyango oluphambili. Ezinye izigulane ezinomhlaza wesigaba sesi-3 zinokufumana ithuba lokuthatha inxaxheba 'kwiTyala leKlinikhi' elinje. Ngale ndlela, unokufumana unyango lwamva nje kwihlabathi. Ungalibali ukubuza ugqirha wakho ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga noku.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Nangona umhlaza webele wesigaba sesi-3 ungowona mbandela unzima, kodwa unokunyangwa kwaye uyalawuleka . Ingakumbi xa kusetyenziswa unyango oluninzi kunye, iziphumo eziphumelelayo kakhulu zinokufumaneka.
- Isicwangciso sonyango osifumanayo senzelwe wena ngokukodwa, ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lomhlaza wakho (umz., oluxhomekeke kwiihomoni, olune-HER2 positive).
- Nceda uzive ukhululekile ukubuza ugqirha wakho nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onokuba nazo malunga nonyango okanye iziphumo zalo. Bazimisele ukukunceda.
- Ukugcina imeko yengqondo eqinileyo kunye nenkxaso yosapho kunye nabahlobo kubaluleke kakhulu ngeli xesha lohambo. Musa ukubandezeleka wedwa.
- Ngenxa yeendlela zanamhlanje ezifana nonyango olujoliswe kulo, kukho ithemba elingcono kakhulu lokunyanga umhlaza webele namhlanje kunangaphambili.
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