Ngaba wakha wamiselwa uhlobo lweyeza "leSulfa" ngugqirha ebomini bakho? Mhlawumbi uyakhumbula, okanye mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngalo. Xa abantu abaninzi besiva igama elithi "sulfa," bacinga ukuba liyeza elifanayo. Kodwa eneneni ligama eliqhelekileyo leqela elikhulu lamayeza. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngezinto ezi zi-sulfonamides, izinto ezizenzayo, kunye nezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka uzazi ngazo.
Zithini kanye kanye ezi sulfonamides?
Ngamafutshane, ii-sulfonamides liqela lamayeza enziwa kwilebhu ngabantu (eyenziweyo). Aziveli ngokwendalo. Ukuba ujonga ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali lwala mayeza, onke anenxalenye efanayo equlethe i-element yesulfure. Kulapho igama elithi "sulfonamide" livela khona.
Ngoko ke la mayeza asebenza njani? Cinga ngayo, iintsholongwane ezingena emizimbeni yethu zifuna ukutya ukuze ziphile kwaye zisasazeke. Esinye sezondlo ezifunekayo zezi ntsholongwane yi -folate, okanye i-vitamin B9 . Oko kwenziwa ngala mayeza e-sulfa kukuthintela amandla eentsholongwane okwenza le folate. Kufana nokulamba ngaphandle kokutya. Xa iintsholongwane zilahlekelwa yi-folate, azikwazi ukwahlukana okanye ukukhula kwaye zife kancinci kancinci.
Ngoku usenokuba ucinga, "Nathi siyayifuna i-folate, ngoko ke ayizukusenzakalisa?" Ngumbuzo olungileyo lowo! Kodwa thina, oko kukuthi, abantu, sifumana i-folate esiyidingayo ekutyeni esikutyayo. Asenzi i-folate emizimbeni yethu. Ngoko ke la mayeza awachaphazeli ngqo iiseli zethu ngaloo ndlela. Yiyo loo nto eyindlela esebenzayo kakhulu yokubulala iintsholongwane.
Amayeza e-sulfa abaluleke kakhulu namhlanje njengoko ayenjalo ngelo xesha.
IiSulfonamides bezingengazo ii-antibiotics zokuqala ukufunyanwa. Kodwa emva kokufunyanwa kwazo ngeminyaka yoo-1930, beziludidi oluphezulu nolunamandla lwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane olwalukho kangangeminyaka elishumi. Ngaphambi kokuba i-penicillin ithandwe, la mayeza e-sulfa ancede kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukufa ngenxa yosulelo lweentsholongwane.
Kodwa namhlanje, ii-sulfonamides azisetyenziswa kuphela ekunyangeni izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane. Olu hlobo lwamayeza lusetyenziswa ekunyangeni izifo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka isifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, usulelo lwe-HIV, kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza.
Ngawaphi amanye amayeza akwiqela le-sulfonamide?
Olu luhlu lude kancinci, kodwa luza kukunika umbono wokuba la mayeza asetyenziswa kangaphi. Masiwahlule abe ngamacandelo amabini.
| Igama leziyobisi | Iindlela Ezisetyenziswa Ngazo Eziqhelekileyo |
|---|---|
| 1. Ii-antibiotic sulfonamides | |
| I-Sulfacetamide | Njengesithambiso sokuthambisa i-acne okanye njengethontsi lamehlo kwizifo zamehlo (conjunctivitis) |
| I-Sulfadiazine (i-Silvadene®) | Ukuthintela ukosuleleka kwamanxeba okutsha |
| I-Sulfasalazine (i-Azulfidine®) | I-ulcerative colitis kunye ne-rheumatoid arthritis |
| I-Sulfamethoxazole (equlethwe kwiBactrim™) | Iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo ezifana nosulelo lomchamo, usulelo lokuphefumla |
| 2. Ii-sulfonamides ezingezizo ii-antibiotic | |
| I-Furosemide (Lasix®), iBumetanide (Bumex®) | I-Diuretics yokunciphisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi (ukudumba) emzimbeni kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu |
| I-Celecoxib (iCelebrex®) | Kwiintlungu zamalungu ezifana ne-arthritis |
| I-Sumatriptan (Imitrex®) | Kwiintloko ezibuhlungu ze-migraine |
| I-Tolbutamide, i-Chlorpropamide | Kwisifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini |
| I-Tamsulosin (iFlomax®) | Kwiingxaki zomchamo ezibangelwa kukwanda kwe-prostate gland (i-benign prostatic hyperplasia) |
| IDarunavir (iPrezista®) | Iyeza lokulwa nosulelo lwe-HIV |
Ukusuka koku, ungabona ukuba nangona igama elithi "sulfa" libizwa ngokuba yi "sulfa", alifani, kwaye liluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lwamayeza.
Ingaba ibali elithi 'sulfa allergy' liyinyani?
Ewe, i-allergies kwi-sulfonamide drugs inokwenzeka. Ehlabathini lonke, phakathi kwabantu aba-3 naba-8 kwi-100 nganye bane-allergies kwi-sulfa drug. Kodwa oku kufana nesantya se-allergies kwezinye ii-antibiotics eziqhelekileyo, ezifana ne-penicillin.
Kodwa into ebalulekileyo apha kukuba ngenxa yokuba ubune-allergy kwiyeza elinye le-sulfa, awuyi kuba ne-allergy kuzo zonke ezinye iziyobisi ze-sulfa . Umzekelo, umntu one-allergy kwi-antibiotic iBactrim kusenokwenzeka ukuba angabi ne-allergy kwi-Celebrex ye-painkiller. Kuba ulwakhiwo lweekhemikhali lwala mayeza mabini lwahlukile.
Ngoko ke, ukuba wakha waba ne-allergy kwiyeza le-sulfa, qiniseka ukuba uxelele ugqirha wakho ukuze akwazi ukukunika enye indlela ekhuselekileyo.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga okanye iingozi ngale mithi?
Njengayo nayiphi na iyeza, ii-sulfonamides zinokuba neengxaki kunye neengozi ezithile.
- Ukumelana neentsholongwane: Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezinye iintsholongwane zinokuba 'zikhoboka' kula mayeza zize zikwazi ukumelana nawo. Amayeza ke ayayeka ukusebenza kuloo ntsholongwane.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinzulu: Kunqabile kakhulu, abanye abantu banokufumana iimpendulo eziqatha zesikhumba. I-Stevens-Johnson syndrome kunye ne-toxic epidermal necrolysis zimbini zezi meko zinzima, kodwa zinqabile kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuba woyike into efana nale, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga namayeza owasebenzisayo.
Ngaba iBactrim yi-sulfonamide?
Ewe, ngokuyinxenye. Iyeza iBactrim™ liqulethe i-sulfamethoxazole, i-sulfonamide, kunye nelinye iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-trimethoprim, elisebenza ngendlela efanayo.
Ingaba iCelebrex nayo liyeza le-sulfa?
Ewe. I-Celecoxib (Celebrex®) sisithomalalisi sentlungu esikudidi lwe-sulfonamide.
Ngaba eli yeza linokubangela ukuba kubekho iikristale kumchamo?
Amanye amayeza e-sulfa anokubangela ukuba kubekho iikristale kumchamo. Oku akuyonto ixhaphakileyo. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukunike enye, uza kukuxelela into omawuyenze ukuthintela oku (umzekelo, sela amanzi amaninzi). Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki ngayo.
IiSulfonamides ludidi lwamayeza oluvavanyiweyo noluqinisekisiweyo olunembali ethatha iminyaka engaphezu kwama-90. Ekuqaleni zazisetyenziselwa kuphela usulelo lweentsholongwane, ngoku zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga iintlobo ngeentlobo zezifo ukusuka entloko ukuya ezinzwaneni.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- IiSulfonamides, okanye "i-sulfa," aziloyeza linye. Ziliqela elikhulu lamayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ezahlukeneyo, kuquka isifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, usulelo kunye nentlungu.
- Ukuba wakha waba ne-allergy kuyo nayiphi na iyeza le-sulfa, qiniseka ukuba wazise ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe naliphi na iyeza.
- Iyeza ngalinye le-sulfa lahlukile. Ngenxa yokuba une-allergy kwelinye, ungakhathazeki ukuba uza kuba ne-allergy kwezinye. Buza ugqirha wakho ngale nto.
- Sela naliphi na iyeza kuphela xa ucetyiswe ngugqirha. Ukuba unenkxalabo okanye uloyiko malunga nemiphumo emibi, thetha nogqirha wakho ngalo mba ngokucacileyo.
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