Emva kokudlala elunxwemeni, ukudlala ikhilikithi, okanye ukwenza igadi, ngaba ulusu lwakho luba bomvu, lube buhlungu, kwaye lurhawuzelele xa uluchukumisa? Ngamanye amaxesha, sinokukubona oku nokuba siphuma siye kwimisebenzi yethu yemihla ngemihla okanye nokuba siphuma siye kwisidlo sasemini. Ngamafutshane, oku sikubiza ngokuba kukutshiswa lilanga, okanye njengoko wonke umntu esazi, ukutshiswa lilanga . Oku kwenzeka xa ulusu lwethu luvezwa kwimitha ye-ultraviolet (UV) evela elangeni. Nangona oku kunokubonakala ngathi yinto encinci, ukuba kuyaqhubeka, kunokubangela ukwaluphala kwangethuba kolusu kunye nomhlaza wolusu. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba sikuqonde oku kwaye sikhusele ulusu lwethu.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zokutshiswa lilanga?
Oogqirha bahlula ukutsha lilanga ngokweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani bomonakalo eluswini lwethu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iintlobo ezimbini esizibona rhoqo.
1. Ukutshiswa lilanga kwinqanaba lokuqala: Oku konakalisa kuphela umaleko ophezulu wolusu lwethu. Ngokuchanekileyo, ulusu luba bomvu, ludumbe kancinci, kwaye lube buhlungu xa luchukunyiswa. Oku kudla ngokuziphilisa ngokwako kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiveki.
2. Ukutshiswa lilanga kwinqanaba lesibini: Oku kubandakanya umonakalo kumaleko ongaphantsi kolusu (i-dermis). Ukongeza ekubeni bomvu, amadyungudyungu azaliswe ngamanzi aqala ukwenzeka. Le meko ingathatha iiveki ezininzi ukuba iphole kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inokufuna unyango.
Kukwakho nohlobo lokutsha olubizwa ngokuba kukutsha kwelanga okukwinqanaba lesithathu, kodwa akusoloko kubangwa lilanga. Kukutsha okunzulu ngakumbi, okuhlala kubangelwa ngumlilo okanye iikhemikhali. Yimeko efuna unyango olungxamisekileyo.
Zithini iimpawu zokutshiswa lilanga?
Iimpawu zokutsha lilanga ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali balo. Ngamanye amaxesha ulusu lusenokuvakala ngathi luyatsha. Kunokuba buhlungu nokuba impahla iyagudla ulusu. Makhe sijonge indlela ezi mpawu ezahluka ngayo ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwalo.
| Inqanaba lokutsha | Iimpawu onokuzilindela |
|---|---|
| Isidanga sokuqala |
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| Isidanga sesibini |
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Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu, ingakumbi ukuba amaqhuqhuva asasazeke kwindawo enkulu.
Zithini izizathu zokutshiswa lilanga?
Unobangela oyintloko yimitha ye-ultraviolet (UV) evela elangeni. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zezi: i-UVA kunye ne-UVB. Zombini ezi ntlobo zinokutshisa ulusu lwethu. Nangona nabani na enokutshiswa lilanga, kukho izinto ezithile eziyandisa umngcipheko.
- Ixesha elangeni: Ngokucacileyo, okukhona uhlala ixesha elide elangeni, kokukhona umngcipheko uphezulu.
- Ixesha lemini: Ilanga lidla ngokuba namandla kakhulu ukusuka ngentsimbi ye-10 kusasa ukuya kweyesi-4 emva kwemini.
- Amayeza athile: Amanye amayeza owasebenzisayo, umzekelo, amanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, amayeza okunciphisa iintlungu (ii-NSAID), ii-retinoids zeengxaki zolusu, kunye namanye amayeza entliziyo, anokwenza ulusu lwakho lube buthathaka elangeni.
- Uhlobo lolusu kunye nombala: Abantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo nesikhanyayo badla ngokutshiswa lilanga lula.
- Indawo: Ngenxa yokuba sihlala kufutshane ne-ikhweyitha, ilizwe lethu lifumana ukukhanya kwelanga okungakumbi. Kwakhona, iziphumo zemitha ye-UV zinkulu kwiindawo ezineentaba.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweebhedi zokuthambisa isikhumba: Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezithambisa isikhumba ngokwenziwa kukwangunobangela omkhulu wokutshiswa lilanga kunye nomhlaza wolusu.
Ngawaphi amanye amayeza asekhaya okunyanga ukutsha lilanga?
Uninzi lwexesha, singakwazi ukulawula ukutsha kancinci lilanga ngeqondo lokuqala nelesibini ekhaya. Kodwa khumbula, ukuba olu nyango aluncedi okanye ukuba imeko imbi kakhulu, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha.
1. Pholisa ulusu:Phuma elangeni ngokukhawuleza uze uhlambe ngamanzi abandayo. Okanye, faka ilaphu elicocekileyo elifakwe emanzini abandayo kwindawo etshileyo okwethutyana.
2. Fumisa ulusu: Ukusebenzisa ijeli ye-aloe vera kulungile kakhulu. Kunciphisa ukudumba kwaye kunika umphumo wokuphola. Ikhrimu ye-hydrocortisone, enokuthengwa kwikhemesti, inokunceda ekunciphiseni ukubomvu kunye nentlungu.
3. Ukuphelisa iintlungu: I-Paracetamol okanye ezinye ii-painkillers (NSAIDs) zingathathwa njengoko ugqirha eyalele ukunciphisa iintlungu nokudumba.
4. Sela amanzi amaninzi: Ukutshiswa lilanga kunokubangela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ngoko sela amanzi amaninzi kunye neziselo imini yonke.
5. Yintoni omawuyenze ngama-blister? Oku kubaluleke kakhulu . Ukuba une-blister eluswini lwakho, musa ukuyikhupha nangasiphi na isizathu . Ukwenza njalo kwandisa umngcipheko wosulelo. Zivumele ziphilise zodwa.
6. Khusela ulusu lwakho: Kuphephe ukuphinda ubeke indawo etshileyo elangeni ide iphole. Ukuba uyaphuma phandle, nxiba impahla ekhululekileyo egquma kakuhle indawo leyo.
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?
Nangona uninzi lokutsha lilanga lunokunyangwa ekhaya, kwezinye iimeko, kufuneka uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ninezinye zezi mpawu zilandelayo, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele elikufutshane (ETU) okanye ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
| Ixesha lokufuna ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza | |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu zesikhumba ezinzulu | Ukuba amaqhuqhuva asasazeke kwindawo enkulu yomzimba (umz., umlenze wonke, umqolo wonke) okanye avuvukele kakhulu. |
| Umkhuhlane kunye nokubanda | Ukuba ubushushu bomzimba bungaphezulu kwama-39 degrees Celsius (102 Fahrenheit) okanye ukuba umzimba uyangcangcazela (uyagodola). |
| Intlungu ebuhlungu | Ukuba unentlungu enganyamezelekiyo. |
| Iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni | Iimpawu ziquka isiyezi (vertigo), umlomo owomileyo, ukudinwa kakhulu, ukoma kakhulu, kunye nokuncipha kokuchama. |
| Iimpawu zosulelo | Ukuba ulwelo olufana nobovu luphuma kwiimpumlo. |
| Abantwana abancinci | Ukuba umntwana ongaphantsi konyaka omnye utsha lilanga, nokuba lincinci, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha. |
Iziphumo zexesha elide zokutshiswa lilanga kunye nomngcipheko womhlaza wolusu
Intlungu yokutshiswa lilanga isenokuphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Kodwa umonakalo kwiiseli zethu zolusu awupheli. Ngamafutshane, imisebe ye-UV yonakalisa i-DNA engaphakathi kwiiseli zethu zolusu. Nangona imizimba yethu inokulungisa lo monakalo ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, umonakalo uyaqokelelana uze uhlale uhleli xa siqhubeka sitsha elangeni.
Ngalo lonke ixesha utshiswa lilanga, ubeka umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wolusu kwixesha elizayo. Kufana nokongeza imali ebhankini, kodwa ngendlela eyingozi kuthi.
Ezinye iingxaki ezinokuvela ngenxa yokutsha lilanga rhoqo:
- Ukwaluphala kwesikhumba ngaphambi kwexesha: Amabala esikhumba, amabala amdaka, imibimbi, kunye nolusu olugobileyo lunokwenzeka xa luselula.
- Ukonakala kwamehlo: Imitha ye-UV inyusa umngcipheko wokuba ne-cataracts.
- Izilonda zesikhumba ezingaphambi komhlaza: Amabala arhabaxa, anamaxolo anokubonakala eluswini, aze kamva abe ngumhlaza.
Ungazikhusela njani ekutshisweni lilanga?
Ukuthintela kusoloko kungcono kunokunyanga. Ukutshiswa lilanga yinto esinokuyithintela ngokupheleleyo.
- Faka i-sunscreen yonke imihla: Nanini na xa uphuma phandle, nokuba lilanga okanye alikho, faka i-sunscreen eyi-'Broad Spectrum' (ekhusela kwi-UVA kunye ne-UVB) kwaye ubuncinane ine-'SPF 30'. Phinda ufake i-sunscreen rhoqo emva kwemizuzu engama-90, kwaye ukuba ubila okanye ungena emanzini.
- Phuma ngexesha elifanelekileyo: Nanini na xa kunokwenzeka, kuphephe ukuba selangeni elishushu phakathi kwentsimbi ye-10 kusasa ne-4 emva kwemini.
- Nxiba impahla yokuzikhusela:Nxiba impahla ekhanyayo nekhululekileyo egquma ulusu lwakho kakuhle, njengeemikhono ezinde kunye neebhulukhwe ezinde. Umnqwazi obanzi unokukhusela ubuso bakho, iindlebe kunye nentamo.
- Nxiba iiglasi zelanga ezikhusela i-UV: Ukukhusela amehlo akho kubalulekile.
- Funa umthunzi: Xa ungaphandle, zama ukuhlala phantsi komthi okanye kwenye indawo enomthunzi.
Ukutshiswa lilanga yinto esinokuyifumana ngokulula, kodwa umonakalo okubangelayo awungomnqakathi. Ukulandela la manyathelo okhuseleko kwasebuntwaneni kuya kunceda kakhulu ekusikhuseleni kwizifo ezinzulu ezinokuvela kwixesha elizayo. Lumka ulusu lwakho, kuba lolona xabiso luxabisekileyo oza kuba nalo ubomi bakho bonke.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukutsha lilanga kukonakalisa ulusu okubangelwa yimitha ye-UV evela elangeni. Kubangela ukuba bomvu, iintlungu kunye nokudumba.
- Ukutsha okuncinci lilanga kunokunyangeka ekhaya ngokuhlanjwa ngamanzi abandayo, ukugcoba i-aloe vera, nokusela amanzi amaninzi.
- Ukuba unamaqhuqhuva, ungaze uwavule . Oku kunokubangela usulelo.
- Ukuba unamaqhuqhuva kwindawo enkulu, umkhuhlane ophezulu, iintlungu eziqatha, okanye iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba umntwana ongaphantsi konyaka omnye utsha lilanga, qiniseka ukuba ucela ingcebiso kugqirha.
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela ukutsha lilanga kukusebenzisa i-sunscreen yonke imihla, ukunxiba impahla yokuzikhusela, kunye nokuphepha ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo.
- Ungalibali ukuba ukutshiswa lilanga ngakunye kwandisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wolusu kwixesha elizayo.
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