Akumnandi na ukuthamela ilanga? Ubushushu obuvayo, ubutsha obufumanayo... Ixesha elininzi, siphuma elangeni ukuze sifumane umbala omhle nokhanyayo. Kodwa nokuba silithanda kangakanani ilanga, ilanga alilungelanga kakhulu ulusu lwethu. Eli langa libangela uninzi lwemibimbi ebusweni bakho kunye namabala ahamba nobudala. Khawuthelekelele oku: kukho abafazi ababini abaneminyaka engama-40 ubudala. Omnye wabo uhlala ekhusela ulusu lwakhe elangeni. Omnye akazange acinge kakhulu ngako. Ulusu lwalowo ukhusela ulusu lwakhe elangeni lunokufana nolomntu oneminyaka engama-30 ubudala. Yiloo ndlela ulusu lwethu oluguga ngayo ilanga.
Sisoloko sicinga ngolusu olukhanyayo nolukhanyayo njengophawu lwempilo. Kodwa ukutshaya, nokuba kuselangeni okanye kusetyenziswa i-tanning booth, kuyakhawulezisa inkqubo yokwaluphala kwaye kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza wolusu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukukhanya kwe-UV konakalisa imicu ye-elastin eluswini lwethu. Xa ezi micu ziqhekeka, ulusu luqala ukugoba nokwelula. Kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba amanxeba olusu aphole. Ngoko ke, nokuba umonakalo ovela elangeni awubonakali xa usemncinci, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuyibona imiphumo yawo njengoko ukhula.
Yintoni kanye kanye eyenzayo eluswini lwakho ilanga?
Ukutshiswa lilanga kakhulu kunokubangela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomonakalo kulusu. Ngamafutshane, kunokubangela:
| Iimeko ezibangelwa kukukhanya kwelanga | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Iimeko zangaphambi komhlaza kunye nezomhlaza | Ukuncipha kokuzikhusela komzimba kulusu kunokukhokelela ekukhuleni kwezifo ezibangelwa ngumhlaza (i-Actinic Keratosis) kunye nomhlaza wolusu (i-Basal Cell Carcinoma, i-Squamous Cell Carcinoma, i-Melanoma) . |
| Iithumba ezingenobungozi | Amaqhuma amancinci, angenabungozi okanye amaqhuma avela eluswini. |
| Imibimbi | Imibimbi emincinci nenzulu eluswini. |
| Amaqhuqhuva | Amabala amancinci amdaka ebusweni nasezizandleni. |
| Ukutshintsha kombala wolusu (Ukutshintsha kombala okunamabala) | Ukuba mnyama okanye ukufiphala kwesikhumba kwiindawo ezithile. |
| Ukutyheli kolusu (Ubuthuntu) | Ulusu lulahlekelwa ngumbala walo ophilileyo kwaye lube tyheli. |
| Imbonakalo yemithambo yegazi emincinci phezu komphezulu (i-Telangiectasias) | Imithambo yegazi emincinci ebomvu iqala ukubonakala phezu kolusu. |
| Ulusu olugobileyo (i-Elastosis) | Ulusu olugobileyo lubangelwa kukutshatyalaliswa kweefayibha ze-elastin kunye ne -collagen , ezibangela ukuba ulusu luthambe. |
Zithini izizathu eziphambili zomhlaza wolusu?
Umhlaza wolusu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza emhlabeni. Ngamafutshane, umhlaza wolusu kukukhula okungaqhelekanga, okungalawulekiyo kweeseli zolusu. Oku kukhula kweeseli kubangela iithumba. Ezinye zezi zinokuba zingenabungozi (ezingengomhlaza) kwaye ezinye zinokuba yingozi (umhlaza).
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zomhlaza wolusu:
1. I-Basal Cell Carcinoma
2. I-Squamous cell carcinoma
3. I-Melanoma
Kwezi, iintlobo ezimbini zokuqala (i-basal cell kunye ne-squamous cell) zezona zixhaphakileyo. Ezi zikwaziwa ngokuba yi -non-melanoma cancers. Azingobungozi kangako kwaye zinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ukuba zifunyenwe kwangethuba.
Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo olubizwa ngokuba yiMelanoma lubi kakhulu. IiMelanocytes , ezinika ulusu umbala walo,Olu hlobo lomhlaza luvela kwiiseli ezibizwa ngokuba zii-s) kwaye lubangela i-75% yokufa komhlaza wolusu. Ukuba alunyangwa, lunokusasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
Eyona nto ibangela umhlaza wolusu yimitha ye-ultraviolet (UV) evela elangeni. Oku kuyafana nakwimitha ye-UV evela kwiindawo zokuthambisa isikhumba. Imitha ye-UV isafikelela emhlabeni nokuba kunemvula okanye kunefu, ngoko ke kuyingozi ukuphuma ngaphandle kokuzikhusela, ucinga ukuba ilanga alinamandla.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza wolusu?
Nangona nabani na enokuba nomhlaza wolusu, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
- Kwabo banesikhumba esimhlophe kakhulu abatshiswa lula lilanga.
- Kwabo banemisonto emininzi eluswini lwabo.
- Kwabo banamehlo akhanyayo .
- Kwabo baneenwele ezimthubi okanye ezibomvu .
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho ukhe waba nomhlaza wolusu ngaphambili.
- Kwabo badla ngokusebenza ngaphandle (njengabalimi, abasebenzi bokwakha).
- Kwabo bahlala kwiindawo ezifumana ilanga elininzi .
- Ukutshiswa lilanga kakhulu ebuntwaneni kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza we-melanoma.
- Ukuba uneempawu zokuzalwa ezingaphezu kwama-30 ezinkulu nezimile ngendlela engaqhelekanga emzimbeni wakho.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama njengathi nabo banokuba nomhlaza wesikhumba . Nangona umngcipheko uphantsi, kusafuneka sikhathazeke ngale nto.
Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wolusu? Uwubona njani?
Uphawu oluqhelekileyo lwesilumkiso somhlaza wolusu kukutshintsha kolusu. Oku kungaba yi-mole entsha, ibala, okanye iqhuma, okanye utshintsho kwi-mole ekhoyo.
- I-Basal Cell Carcinoma: Ingaqala njengeqhubu elincinci, eligudileyo, elicwebezelayo ebusweni, ezindlebeni, okanye entanyeni.
- I-Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Isenokubonakala njengeqhubu elibomvu, eliqinileyo okanye njengendawo erhabaxa, enamaxolo, neyophayo.
- I-Melanoma: Ihlala ibonakala njengebala elimdaka/elimnyama okanye iqhuma, kodwa inokuba bomvu okanye imhlophe. Nangona ibukeka njengebala eliqhelekileyo, ayimilo ingaqhelekanga.
Kukho umthetho obaluleke kakhulu obizwa ngokuba ngumthetho we-ABCDE wokufumanisa i-melanoma. Gcina oku engqondweni xa uhlola ulusu lwakho ukuze ubone ukuba kukho ii-moles.
| Umthetho we-ABCDE | Yintoni ekufuneka uyiqwalasele |
|---|---|
| Ulungelelwaniso | Icala elinye lophawu lokuzalwa alifani nelinye. Ukuba ulwahlula phakathi, amacala omabini awafani. |
| Umyalelo we -B (umda) | Umphetho awucaci, awucacanga, kwaye awubonakali. |
| Umbala | Ukubakho kwemibala emininzi kwi-birthmark efanayo, njengomdaka, omnyama, obomvu, omhlophe, okanye oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. |
| Ububanzi | Inkulu kune-6 mm ububanzi (ubukhulu be-pensile raser). Kwakhona, ukuba uphawu lokuzalwa lwalo naluphi na ubukhulu luba lukhulu, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. |
| Ukuvela | Naliphi na ibala elitsha okanye utshintsho kumbala, imo, okanye ubungakanani bebala elikhoyo, ukurhawuzelelwa, okanye ukopha. |
Wenza ntoni xa ubona utshintsho olunje?
Musa ukoyika konke konke. Kodwa ungalibazisi. Bonisa ugqirha wosapho lwakho okanye ugqirha wesikhumba ngoko nangoko. Uza kuyihlola aze akunike iingcebiso ezifanelekileyo.
Umhlaza wolusu ufunyaniswa kwaye unyangwa njani?
Ukuba ugqirha ubona indawo ekrokrisayo eluswini lwakho, uhlala ethatha iqhekeza elincinci lesikhumba (i-biopsy) ukuze alivavanye . Oku kulula kakhulu. Baza kufaka iyeza elibangela ukuba umntu angakwazi ukuziva, bathathe iqhekeza elincinci lesikhumba baze balihlole phantsi kwe-microscope. Oku kuya kubanceda babone ukuba ingaba inomhlaza okanye akunjalo, kwaye loluphi uhlobo lwayo.
Iindlela zonyango zimiselwa ngohlobo, ubungakanani, indawo yomhlaza, kunye neminqweno yomguli.
- Kwi-non-melanoma cancer: Unyango luquka ukususwa komhlaza wesikhumba ngotyando kunye nenani elincinci lezicubu eziphilileyo ezijikeleze wona, ukukrazula iiseli zomhlaza nokuzitshisa ngombane, kusetyenziswa ubushushu obugqithisileyo ukutshabalalisa iiseli (cryosurgery), okanye i-topical chemotherapy.
- Kwi-melanoma: Umhlaza udla ngokususwa ngotyando olukhulu. Uvavanyo lunokwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na kwiindawo ze-lymph nodes. Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke, unyango ngamayeza anjenge-chemotherapy lunokufuneka.
Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela konke oku aze akuncede ukhethe unyango olulungele wena.
Singenza ntoni ukuze sizikhusele kumhlaza wolusu?
Nangona umonakalo welanga ungenakucinywa ngokupheleleyo, ukhuseleko oluqhelekileyo lolusu lunokunceda ekubuyiseleni omnye umonakalo. Ngoko ke, akukaze kube semva kwexesha ukuqala ukukhusela ulusu lwakho.
- Kufuneka usebenzise i-sunscreen eninzi: Faka isixa esikhulu se-sunscreen kunye ne-SPF engama-30 nangaphezulu imizuzu engama-20 ngaphambi kokuba uphume phandle. Phinda ufake i-sunscreen rhoqo emva kweeyure ezimbini ukuba ubila okanye udada.
- Nxiba impahla yokuzikhusela: impahla enemikhono emide, iminqwazi ebanzi, kunye neeglasi zelanga ezikhuselwe yi-UV.
- Kuphephe ilanga elirhabaxa: Nanini na xa kunokwenzeka, kuphephe ukuvezwa ngqo elangeni elirhabaxa phakathi kwentsimbi ye-10 kusasa kunye neye-2 emva kwemini.
- Zihlolele ulusu lwakho: Ubuncinane kanye ngenyanga, yiya phambi kwesibuko ujonge umzimba wakho wonke. Khangela amabala amatsha, amaqhuma, okanye utshintsho kumabala amadala.
- Khusela abantwana bakho: I-80% yelanga ebomini bomntu ibakho ngaphambi kokuba afikelele kwiminyaka eli-18. Ngoko ke njengabazali, fundisani abantwana benu indlela yokuzikhusela elangeni besebancinci. Yibani ngumzekelo omhle.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Imitha ye-ultraviolet (UV) evela elangeni yeyona nto ibangela umhlaza wolusu. Le mitha ifikelela emhlabeni nokuba kumnyama.
- Jonga ulusu lwakho rhoqo, ingakumbi ngokukhumbula umthetho we-ABCDE nokunikela ingqalelo kutshintsho olukwiimoko zakho.
- Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olungathandabuzekiyo kulusu lwakho, indawo entsha okanye iqhuma, musa ukoyika okanye ukulibazisa, kodwa bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Ziqhelise ukusebenzisa i-SPF 30+ sunscreen, unxibe iminqwazi, kunye nempahla yokuzikhusela ngalo lonke ixesha uphuma phandle.
- Ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba, uninzi lomhlaza wolusu lunokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo, ngoko ke ukuqaphela nokukhusela yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.
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