Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba sinomkhosi omncinci kodwa onamandla kakhulu ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu wokulwa nezifo? Iiseli ze-T ziyinxalenye ekhethekileyo yalo mkhosi osikhusela kwiintshaba ezifana neentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya ngaphandle kokuba sazi. Ezi zifana ngokwenene namaqhawe amancinci emizimbeni yethu. Namhlanje, masithethe ngala maqhawe amancinci ngendlela elula.
Zithini kanye kanye ii-T cells?
Ngamafutshane, ii-T cells luhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi egazini lethu. Ngokwezonyango, zibizwa ngokuba zii-lymphocytes. Ezi seli, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-lymphocytes, zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela . Inkqubo yokuzikhusela yinkqubo yokuzikhusela elwa neentsholongwane, ezinje ngeentsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, kunye nefungi, ezingena emizimbeni yethu. Ayipheleli apho, le nkqubo ikwasebenza ukutshabalalisa izinto eziyingozi emzimbeni, ezinje ngeeseli zomhlaza.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zamajoni kumkhosi wethu we-lymphocyte. Zii -T cells kunye nee-B cells . Xa zidibene, ziyasikhusela.
- Iiseli ze-B: Ezi seli zenza iiproteni ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-antibodies. Ezi antibodies ziyahamba zize zitshabalalise iintsholongwane.
- Iiseli ze-T: Ezi zisebenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo kancinci. Iiseli ze-T ziya ngqo kwiiseli zethu ezisulelekileyo ziintsholongwane kwaye zitshabalalise izinto ezifana neeseli zomhlaza. Zikwathumela imiqondiso kwezinye iiseli ezikwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, zisithi, "Le yindlela esifanele silwe ngayo."
Ngaba kukho iintlobo eziphambili zee-T cells?
Ewe, kukho amaqela amabini aphambili ee-T cells. Njengokuba umkhosi unomkhosi ohlaselayo kunye negosa elilawulayo. Masibone ukuba ngoobani.
| Uhlobo lweseli T | Umsebenzi Wabo Ophambili |
|---|---|
| Iiseli ze-T ezibulalayo (iiseli ze-T ezinobungozi) Ezi zikwabizwa ngokuba ziiseli ze-CD8+. | Aba ngabo bahamba ngqo edabini. Bafumana baze batshabalalise iiseli zethu ezisuleleke ziintsholongwane ezifana neentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya. Bakwalungile ekutshabalaliseni iiseli zomhlaza. Ngeli gama, igama elithi "cyto" lithetha iseli, kwaye elithi "toxic" lithetha ityhefu. Oko kuthetha "ityhefu kwiiseli." |
| Iiseli ze-T ezincedisayo Ezi zikwabizwa ngokuba ziiseli ze-CD4+. | Aziyi ngqo zibulale iiseli. Njengabaphathi bomkhosi, zithumela imiqondiso kwezinye iiseli. Ezi seli ze-T ezincedisayo zezona zixelela iiseli ze-T ezibulalayo, iiseli ze-B, kunye nolunye uhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-macrophage, "Nalu utshaba, yile ndlela esifanele sihlasele ngayo." |
Ukongeza kwezi ntlobo zimbini ziphambili, kukwakho nee-T cells ezilawulayo . Umsebenzi wazo kukulawula umsebenzi wezinye ii-T cells xa umlo uphelile okanye xa kufuneka. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba kungenjalo ii-T cells zethu zinokuhlasela iiseli zethu eziphilileyo.
Zisebenza njani ezi T cells?
Iiseli ze-T ziyinxalenye yenkqubo yokuzikhusela eguquguqukayo. Zicinge njenge "nkqubo yokuzikhusela ekrelekrele" ephucukileyo kakhulu. Zihlala zikhangela iintshaba. Nje ukuba ziqaphele utshaba, zihlasela olo tshaba ngandlela ithile.
Into emangalisayo kukuba, iseli nganye ye-T yenzelwe ukulwa nohlobo olunye lotshaba, njenge-missile eyenzelwe injongo enye kuphela.
Xa inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela iqonda utshaba, ifumana iseli ethile ye-T enokutshabalalisa olo tshaba ize iyibize ukuba isebenze. Loo seli ye-T emva koko yenza amawaka eekopi zayo. Iiseli ze-T ezijoyina lo mlo zibizwa ngokuba ziiseli ze-effector . Ezi seli ze-effector zezona zitshabalalisa utshaba kwaye zisikhusela kwizifo.
Iiseli ze-T ziyasikhusela nasemva kokuba umlo uphelile. Ezinye iiseli ze-T, endaweni yokuba ziiseli ezibangela uqhushululu, ziba ziiseli zememori . Ezi seli zememori azilwi. Endaweni yoko, zikhumbula iinkcukacha zotshaba. Ukuba utshaba olufanayo lubuyela emzimbeni, ezi seli zememori zivumela inkqubo yomzimba ukuba iluqaphele ngokukhawuleza kwaye iqalise uhlaselo ngesicwangciso esifanayo esidala.
I-T cell isebenza njani?
Iseli ye-T ayilwi nje kuphela. Kufuneka isebenze kuqala. Kukho amanyathelo aliqela okwenza oko.
1. Okokuqala, iseli ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-antigen-presenting cell (APC) ifumana ubungqina botshaba (umzekelo, iqhekeza lentsholongwane) ize ilincamathisele kwisakhiwo esibizwa ngokuba yi-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) . Oku kufana nokuthatha ifoto yamapolisa yesela ulibeke kwibhodi yentengiso. Ii-T cell azinakulubona utshaba ngokuthe ngqo, zinokulubona kuphela xa luboniswa kule MHC.
2. Okulandelayo, iseli ye-T ingena ize ibophelele kule MHC. Kodwa ayizizo zonke iiseli ze-T ezinokubophelela kwi-MHC nganye. Iiseli ze-T ezibulalayo (CD8+) zinokubophelela kuphela kwi-MHC yohlobo lwe-I. Iiseli ze-T ezincedisayo (CD4+) zinokubophelela kuphela kwi-MHC yohlobo lwe-II. Kufana nomdlalo wesitshixo kunye nesitshixo.
3. Xa yonke into ilungelelaniswe ngolu hlobo, i-T cell iyavulwa. Kulapho ke ingena edabini. Olu lungelelwaniso lubaluleke kakhulu, kuba luqinisekisa ukuba i-T cell efanelekileyo yolo tshaba iya edabini.
Ziveliswa phi kwaye ziphi ii-T cells emzimbeni wethu?
Umjikelo wobomi bee-T cells ufana nohambo oluncinci. Kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zolo hambo, zikwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
- Indawo yokuzalwa - Umongo wethambo: Izicubu ezithambileyo ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu, ezibizwa ngokuba ngumongo wethambo, kulapho ii-T cells ziqala khona ukukhula. Njengazo zonke iiseli zegazi, ii-T cells ziqala njengee -hematopoietic stem cells .
- Isikolo soQeqesho - iThymus: Ezi seli ze-T ezingavuthwanga (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-thymocytes) emva koko ziya kwi-thymus, ilungu elisembindini ophezulu wesifuba sethu, ukuze ziqeqeshwe. I-thymus ifana "nesikolo soqeqesho lomkhosi" seeseli ze-T. Apha, ziyavavanywa ukuze kubonwe ukuba zingakwazi na ukubopha ngokufanelekileyo kwi-MHC kwaye zingahlaseli iiseli zethu eziphilileyo. Kulapho ke zifumana khona "ikhadi labo lobunikazi" - i-CD4 okanye i-CD8. Ziiseli ze-T kuphela eziphumelela zonke ezi mvavanyo ezikhutshwayo.
- IiNdawo zoMsebenzi - Izicubu zeLymphatic kunye neGazi: Iiseli ze-T eziqeqeshwe kakuhle ziya kwinkqubo yethu ye-lymph, njenge-spleen, iitoni, kunye nee-lymph nodes. Ezinye zijikeleza egazini. Kulapha apho zihlala khona, zilinde ukubizwa ukuba zithathe amanyathelo.
Khawucinge nje, i-thymus gland yethu inkulu xa sisebancinci, kwaye iyancipha kancinci kancinci njengoko sikhula. Emva kweminyaka engama-20 ubudala, ukuveliswa kwee-T cells ezintsha nako kuyancipha. Emva koko, inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela ixhomekeke ngakumbi ekwenzeni iikopi zee-T cells ezindala.
Zeziphi izifo kunye neemeko ezichaphazela ii-T cells?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifo ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwee-T cells. Ezi zinokuhlulwahlulwa njengezifo ezibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba kunye neengxaki zokungakwazi ukuzikhusela komzimba . Kwizifo ezibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba, inkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba ihlasela ngempazamo iiseli zethu eziphilileyo. Izifo ezibangelwa kukungakhuseleki komzimba ziimeko apho inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba iba buthathaka khona.
Ezinye iimeko ezinokuchaphazela ii-T cells ziquka:
- I-acute lymphocytic leukemia: Uhlobo lomhlaza oluqala egazini nasemongweni wethambo.
- I-lymphoma yabantu abadala iHodgkin:Uhlobo lomhlaza wegazi oluqala kwinkqubo ye-lymphatic.
- Ii-T-cell lymphomas: Ii-cancers eziqala kwii-T cells.
- I-HIV (i-Human Immunodeficiency Virus): Le ntsholongwane ihlasela ikakhulu ii-helper T cells zethu (ii-CD4+ T cells). Oku kunokukhokelela ekwaphukeni kweziko lomyalelo wenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, nto leyo ekhokelela kwi-AIDS.
- I-DiGeorge syndrome: Yimeko yemfuza ethintela umzimba ekuveliseni ii-T cells ezaneleyo ezisempilweni.
- Ukungakwazi komzimba okudibeneyo okunamandla (i-SCID): Iqela lezifo ezingaqhelekanga zemfuza apho inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka kakhulu ngenxa yeengxaki zeeseli ze-T.
Lifanele libe lithini inani eliqhelekileyo lee-T cells?
Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwee-T cells kumntu omdala osempilweni zezi:
- Inani lee-CD4 (ii-helper T cells): Phakathi kwama-500 - 1,200 ee-cells nge-cubic millimeter nganye.
- Inani lee-CD8 (iiseli ze-T ezibulalayo): Phakathi kwe-150 - 1,000 yeeseli nge-cubic millimeter nganye.
Nangona kunjalo, la maxabiso anokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kwilabhoratri eqhuba uvavanyo lwakho lwegazi. Ke ngoko , kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga namaxabiso akwingxelo yakho.
Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba nokuncipha kwee-T cells?
Inani eliphantsi leeseli ze-T lithetha ukuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka. Oku kuthetha ukuba usesichengeni ngakumbi sokungenwa ziintsholongwane. Kunokubakho izizathu ezininzi zokuba inani eliphantsi leeseli ze-T lingabikho. Umzekelo, izifo zemfuza ezikhoyo ekuzalweni, izifo ezifunyanwa kamva, ezifana ne-HIV, okanye amayeza athile (afana nonyango lomhlaza) nawo anokubangela inani eliphantsi leeseli ze-T.
Kuthetha ukuthini ukwandisa ii-T cells?
Ukuveliswa ngokugqithisileyo kwee-T cells kunqabile. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo xa inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ivelisa ii-T cells ezininzi kakhulu ukulwa nosulelo emzimbeni. Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zinokubangela ukwanda kwee-T cells.
Singawandisa njani amandla ee-T cells zethu?
Kukho amayeza athile okanye unyango olunokunceda ekuqiniseni ii-T-cells, kodwa kufuneka zithathwe kuphela phantsi kweliso likagqirha. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngazo. Kodwa, kukwakho nezinto ezininzi esinokuzenza ukugcina amajoni ethu omzimba eqinileyo ngokubanzi. Ngamanye amaxesha eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokukhusela ii-T-cells zethu kukungazisebenziseli kakhulu. Oko kuthetha ukuhlala kude neentsholongwane kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwaye unyamekele umzimba wakho kakuhle.
- Yitya ukutya okunempilo nokunesondlo .
- Fumana zonke iigonyo zakho ngexesha.
- Ziphephe ngokupheleleyo utywala nokutshaya .
- Lala kakuhle ubuncinane iiyure ezisi-7-8 ubusuku ngabunye.
- Yenza umthambo ophakathi ubuncinane imizuzu eli-150 ngeveki.
- Kangangoko kunokwenzekaHlamba izandla zakho ngesepha.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iiseli ze-T zifana namajoni akhethekileyo kwinkqubo yomzimba yethu yokuzikhusela alwa neentsholongwane kunye neeseli zomhlaza.
- Iiseli ze-T ezinetyhefu zitshabalalisa ngokuthe ngqo iintshaba, ngelixa iiseli ze-T ezincedisayo zilawula umlo.
- Ukuncipha kwee-T cells kwenza umzimba ube sesichengeni sosulelo. Izifo ezifana ne-HIV ziyonakalisa ngokukodwa ii-helper T cells.
- Ukugcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni (ukutya okunempilo, ukulala, ukuzilolonga) kunokugcina amajoni akho omzimba enamandla.
- Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nenani leeseli zakho ze-T okanye inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, umntu ofanelekileyo ukuthetha naye ngayo ngugqirha wakho.
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