Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesihloko esingavumelekanga kangako, kodwa sibaluleke kakhulu. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kubafana abancinci. Ngaba wakha waziva into eyahlukileyo, njengeqhubu elincinci, emasendeni akho? Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kancinci ukuba uziva into enjalo. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uphakuzele, kungcono ukuqaphela oku ngokupheleleyo. Kuba umhlaza wamasende sisifo esinokunyangwa ngokupheleleyo ukuba sifunyenwe kwangethuba.
Yintoni kanye kanye umhlaza wamasende?
Ngamafutshane, umhlaza wamasende uvela xa iiseli kumasende ziqala ukukhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga nangokungalawulekiyo. Oku kukhula kweeseli kubangela ukuba kubekho iqhuma okanye ithumba.
Ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni na amasende kunye nento ayenzayo. Amasende amabini emzimbeni wakho afana neewalnuts ezimbini. Akwisingxobo sesikhumba esingaphantsi kwepenis. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-scrotum. Anemisebenzi emibini ephambili:
1. Ukuveliswa kwesidoda.
2. Ukuveliswa kwe-testosterone, i-hormone yamadoda.
Njengayo nayiphi na umhlaza, le yimeko enzulu. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba umhlaza wamasende sisifo esinyangekayo nesinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zalo mhlaza?
Malunga ne-90% yomhlaza wamasende uvela kwiiseli zentsholongwane, iiseli eziphambili ezivelisa isidoda. Ezi zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili. Ukwazi umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini kubalulekile ekumiseleni unyango.
| Uhlobo lomhlaza | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| I-Seminoma | Olu hlobo ludla ngokukhula kancinci kwaye luxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-50 ubudala. |
| I-Non-seminoma | Olu hlobo lukhula ngokukhawuleza kune-seminoma. Luchaphazela kakhulu abantu abancinci, oko kukuthi, abo baphakathi kweminyaka eli-15 ukuya kwengama-35 ubudala. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezi. |
Ngamanye amaxesha, ithumba lomhlaza linokuba nomxube weentlobo zombini zeeseli.
Ixhaphake kangakanani le sifo?
Umhlaza wamasende ngokwenene sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Uchaphazela malunga nenye kumadoda angama-250. Nangona kunjalo, into ekhethekileyo ngayo kukuba lolona hlobo lomhlaza luxhaphakileyo kumadoda aphakathi kweminyaka eli-15 nengama-35 .
Ungayibona njani? Zithini iimpawu?
Uphawu oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza wamasende kukudumba okungenabuhlungu kwisende, kodwa kunokubakho ezinye iimpawu ezininzi.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ezi mpawu zinokubangelwa zezinye iimeko zonyango. Ngoko ke musa ukoyika xa uzibona. Kodwa, ungazihoyi. Ngokuqinisekileyo bonana nogqirha uze uhlolwe.
| Uphawu | Icacisiwe ngokulula |
|---|---|
| Iqhuma okanye ukudumba | Ukuziva iqhuma okanye ukudumba kwelinye okanye omabini amasende. Oku kudla ngokungabi buhlungu. |
| Ukuziva ubunzima kwindawo yesinqe | Ukuziva ubunzima kwisinqe okanye ukuziva ulwelo luzalisa. |
| Intlungu ephupheni | Intlungu ebuhlungu okanye ebuhlungu esiswini okanye kwindawo esezantsi kwesisu. |
| Intlungu okanye ukungakhululeki | Ukuva iintlungu okanye ukungakhululeki emasendeni okanye emathunjini. |
| Ukuncitshiswa kwamasende | Ubuncinci okanye ukushwabana kwesende elinye (ukuwohloka kwesende). |
Ukulibazisa ukuxilongwa kwandisa ixesha elithathwayo ukuze iiseli zomhlaza zisasazeke. Oku kwenza unyango lube nzima ngakumbi. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza ngokukhawuleza.
Ziziphi izinto ezinokubangela umhlaza wamatyhalarha?
Isizathu esichanekileyo somhlaza wamasende asikaziwa okwangoku. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba izinto ezithile zinokwandisa amathuba, okanye umngcipheko, wokufumana esi sifo. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zizinto ezinobungozi.
- Ubudala: Ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-15 nengama-35 ubudala.
- Amasende angaphumi: Ngokwesiqhelo, amasende akhula esiswini njengoko umntwana ongekazalwa ekhula esibelekweni . Ahlala kwisinqe ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Ngamanye amaxesha, oku akwenzeki. Nokuba le meko ilungisiwe ngotyando, inyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wamasende kwixesha elizayo.
- Imbali yosapho: Ukuba utata okanye umnakwenu ukhe waba nesi sifo, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba naso. Ezinye iimeko zemfuza (ezifana neKlinefelter Syndrome) nazo zinokunyusa umngcipheko wakho.
- Ukuba nomhlaza kwelinye isebe: Umntu oye waphiliswa umhlaza kwelinye isebe usemngciphekweni omncinci wokuba nomhlaza kwelinye isebe.
- Ukungazali: Ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba kunokubakho unxibelelwano phakathi kwezinto ezithile ezichaphazela ukungazali kwamadoda kunye nomhlaza wamasende. Oku kuphandwa ngakumbi.
Gqirha, uyixilonga njani le nto?
Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kwenza iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze axilonge esi sifo ngokuchanekileyo. Ungakhathazeki, makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezi nyathelo.
1. Uvavanyo lomzimba kunye nembali yezonyango: Okokuqala, ugqirha uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho. Emva koko, uza kuhlola amasende akho ngokomzimba ukujonga ukuba akukho maqhuqhuva okanye ukudumba. Ukuba kukho amathandabuzo okuba umhlaza usasazekile, ii-lymph nodes nazo zinokuhlolwa.
2. I-Ultrasound Scan: Ukuba kufunyenwe into engaqhelekanga ngexesha lovavanyo, i-ultrasound scan idla ngokuba linyathelo elilandelayo. Olu luvavanyo olungenabuhlungu. Lunokubonelela ngomfanekiso ocacileyo wento engaphakathi kwamasende. Lunokukuxelela okuninzi malunga nokuba iqhuma liqinile okanye lizele lulwelo, kunye nokuba linokuba ngumhlaza kangakanani.
3. Utyando kunye neBiopsy (Inguinal Orchiectomy kunye neBiopsy):Ukuba iskeni ibonisa ukuba kukho umhlaza, inyathelo elilandelayo kukususa i-testicle echaphazelekayo ngotyando. Oku kwenziwa ngokusikwa okuncinci kwindawo ye-groin. Inxalenye ye-testicle esusiweyo iyathathwa ize ihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope (biopsy). Olu vavanyo luya kuqinisekisa ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza okanye azikho.
Ezinye iimvavanyo ezinokuthi zifuneke
- Uvavanyo lweSazisi seTyhumbu: Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zikhupha izinto ezithile egazini. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba 'ziisazisi zeTyhumbu'. Kumhlaza wamasende, amanqanaba e-'AFP', `HCG' kunye ne-'LDH' anokunyuswa. Ngokujonga amanqanaba ale mpawu, sinokufumana umbono othile ngohlobo lomhlaza kunye nokusasazeka kwawo.
- Ii-CT scans, ii-X-reyi, kunye nee-MRIs: Ezi scans zisetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na kwezinye iindawo ezingaphandle kwe-testicle, umzekelo, ukuya kwi-lymph nodes esiswini, emiphungeni, okanye engqondweni.
Zithini izigaba zomhlaza?
Xa uxilongo luqinisekisiwe, ugqirha uya kugqiba inqanaba lomhlaza. Oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani. Unyango lucwangcisiwe ngokweli nqanaba.
- Inqanaba 0: Iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zikhulile, kodwa zisengaphakathi kwi-testicle.
- Inqanaba lokuQala: Umhlaza ukhawulelwe kwi-testicle.
- Inqanaba lesiBini: Umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph ezingasemva kwesisu.
- Inqanaba lesi-3: Umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph ezingaphandle kwesisu okanye kwezinye izitho ezifana nemiphunga, isibindi, okanye ubuchopho.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Indlela yonyango ixhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nemeko yakho yempilo, uhlobo lomhlaza, kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza.
| Indlela yonyango | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Utyando | Unyango oluphambili noluqhelekileyo kukususwa kwe-testicle enomhlaza (`Radical inguinal orchiectomy`). Kwezinye iimeko, ukuba umhlaza usasazekile, utyando lokususa ama-testicle esiswini (`RPLND`) lunokwenziwa. |
| Unyango lweMisebe | Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa ii-X-reyi ezinamandla aphezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-seminoma, uhlobo lomhlaza, ukuthintela isifo ukuba singabuyi emva kotyando. |
| Unyango ngamakhemikhali | Oku kuquka ukunika umzimba amayeza abulala iiseli zomhlaza. La mayeza anokunikwa ngemithambo okanye njengeepilisi. Olu nyango lubaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko apho umhlaza usasazeke khona. |
Ngaba esi sifo sinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo?
Ewe! Ngokuqinisekileyo. Lo ngumyalezo olungileyo nobaluleke kakhulu malunga nomhlaza wamasende.
Umhlaza wamatyhalarha sisifo esinokunyangwa ngempumelelo kwaye sinyangeke ngokupheleleyo ngesantya sempumelelo esingaphezulu kwama-95%. Ukuba isifo sifunyenwe kwangethuba, oko kukuthi, kumanqanaba okuqala, izinga lokunyangwa liphezulu ukuya kuma-98%.
Ngoko ke, esi sifo asifane sibulale. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo apha kukufumanisa kwangethuba kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo.
Nokuba awukwazi ukuyithintela, unokuyibona ngokukhawuleza! - Ukuzihlola
Akukho ndlela iqinisekileyo yokuthintela umhlaza wamatyhalarha. Kodwa kukho into enye ebaluleke kakhulu onokuyenza. Oko kukwenza uvavanyo lwamatyhalarha rhoqo ngenyanga (TSE). Oku kuya kukunika umbono olungileyo ngemeko ngokubanzi yamatyhalarha akho. Emva koko, ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho olungaqhelekanga, olufana neqhuma, unokulibona ngokukhawuleza.
Oku kuza kuthatha malunga nemizuzu emibini.
Nantsi indlela yokuzihlola:
1. Khetha elona xesha lifanelekileyo: Kungcono ukwenza oku xa uhlamba ngamanzi ashushu okanye emva nje kokuhlamba. Oku kungenxa yokuba ubushushu buyakhulula ulusu lwesinqe, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuva okungaphakathi.
2. Jonga i-testicle enye: Beka iminwe yakho yokwalatha neyesiphakathi phantsi kwe-testicle, uze ubhontsi wakho ubekwe phezulu. Ngoku, jonga i-testicle ngokuyijika phakathi kweminwe yakho.
3. Chonga okuqhelekileyo: Ngexesha lovavanyo, uya kuziva isakhiwo esifana nentambo ngasemva naphezulu kwe-testicle. Sibizwa ngokuba yi-epididymis. Sigcina kwaye sithutha isidoda. Musa ukubhidanisa oku neqhuma. Kuqhelekile nokuba ama-testicle amabini ahluke kancinci ngobukhulu.
4.Lumka izinto ezingaqhelekanga: Xa uhlola ngale ndlela, khangela naziphi na izihluma ezintsha, amaqhuma, ukuqina, okanye ukudumba okunobukhulu be-pea okanye okukhulu.
5. Hlola elinye i-testicle ngendlela efanayo.
Ukuba ubona naziphi na iziqwenga, ukudumba, utshintsho kubungakanani, okanye nantoni na engaqhelekanga, musa ukoyika okanye ukulibazisa, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Olu nyango luza kuba naliphi ifuthe ebomini bam?
Abantu abaninzi banemibuzo malunga nokuba kuza kwenzeka ntoni kubomi babo besondo kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukuba nabantwana xa kususwa i-testicle.
Ngokwesiqhelo, i-testicle enye esempilweni inokuvelisa i-testosterone eyaneleyo emzimbeni. Ke ngoko, inkanuko yesini ayinciphi. Ukuqina nokuphuma kolwelo kufuneka kwenzeke ngokwesiqhelo.
Kwakhona, isende elinye lanele ukuba ngumzali wabantwana. Kodwa ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye uloyiko ngaloo nto, thetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, isidoda sakho singaqokelelwa ngaphambi konyango kwaye sigcinwe ngokukhuselekileyo ukuze sisetyenziswe kwixesha elizayo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-sperm banking.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umhlaza wamasende sisifo esingaqhelekanga, kodwa lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza kumadoda aselula aphakathi kweminyaka eli-15-35.
- Uphawu oluqhelekileyo sisiqhuma esingenabuhlungu kwi-testicle.
- Ziqhelise ukuzihlola kube kanye ngenyanga. Oku kuya kukunceda ubone naluphi na utshintsho ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olungaqhelekanga (iqhuma, ukudumba, iintlungu), ungoyiki, ungabi neentloni, kwaye ungalibazisi . Bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Esi sifo sinokunyangwa ngokupheleleyo ngesantya sokuphiliswa esingaphezulu kwama-95% ukuba sifunyenwe kwangethuba. Ngoko ke, ulwazi kunye nesenzo sangethuba zezona zinto zibalulekileyo.
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