Ngaba wakha waziva into efana neqhuma entanyeni yakho? Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye ukhathazekile xa oko kusenzeka. Usenokucinga, "Yintoni le? Ingaba ngumhlaza?" Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka siyiqonde kuqala kukuba ayizizo zonke iziqhuma entanyeni ezingumhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqaphela izinto ezinjalo, ingakumbi umhlaza we-thyroid, esithetha ngawo namhlanje, kubaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yakho. Ngoko masithethe ngale nto ngendlela enobuhlobo nelula namhlanje.
Okokuqala, masibone, yintoni le ndlala ye-thyroid?
Ngamafutshane, i-thyroid gland sisitho esincinci, esimile okwebhabhathane esikwicala elingaphambili entanyeni yethu, kumacala omabini omphimbo womoya. Liyinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo ye-endocrine yomzimba wethu.
Cinga ngayo njengenjini encinci emzimbeni wethu. Iihomoni ezikhutshwa yile gland zilawula izinto ezininzi emzimbeni wethu, njengendlela umzimba wethu osebenzisa ngayo amandla, ubushushu bomzimba, ukubetha kwentliziyo, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Ngoko ke ngoku ungayiqonda indlela elibaluleke ngayo eli lungu lincinci. Umhlaza we-thyroid kwenzeka xa iiseli kwi-thyroid gland ziqala ukukhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye zingalawuleki.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zomhlaza we-thyroid?
Umhlaza we-thyroid awufani. Wahlulwe waba ziintlobo ezininzi eziphambili ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lweeseli ozakheka kuzo. Olu hlu lubaluleke kakhulu ekumiseleni unyango kunye nendlela esiza kuqhubeka ngayo esi sifo kwixesha elizayo. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezi ntlobo ziphambili.
| Uhlobo lomhlaza | Ulwazi olubalulekileyo |
|---|---|
| Umhlaza wePapillary | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Malunga nama-90% omhlaza we-thyroid ulolu hlobo. Ukhula kancinci kakhulu. Nokuba usasazeka kwiindawo ze-lymph entanyeni, usabela kakuhle kakhulu kunyango. Amathuba okuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo aphezulu kakhulu. |
| Umhlaza weFollicular (Follicular) | Olu lolona hlobo lwesibini oluxhaphakileyo (malunga ne-15%). Olu hlobo lunokwanda kancinci ukuya kwiindawo ezikude, njengamathambo nemiphunga. Ukuba luyasasazeka (umhlaza osasazekayo), unyango lunokuba nzima ngakumbi. |
| Umhlaza we-Oncocytic (i-Oncocytic) | Oku kwenzeka phakathi kwe-3% kunye ne-5% yamatyala. Kudla ngokusasazeka ngaphezu kwezinye iintlobo ezimbini. Kunokuba nzima ngakumbi ukunyanga. |
| Umhlaza weMedullary | Oku kubonakala kwiimeko ezingaphantsi kwe-5%. Malunga nekota yabantu abanale hlobo banembali yosapho, oko kuthetha ukuba kunokubakho impembelelo yemfuza. |
| Umhlaza we-Anaplastic | Olu lolona hlobo lunzima nolunzima ukulinyanga . Lukhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kwaye lusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwizicwili ezingqongileyo nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Kodwa ngethamsanqa, aluqhelekanga kakhulu (malunga ne-2%). |
Zithini iimpawu? Uyibona njani le nto?
Amaxesha amaninzi uphawu lokuqala lomhlaza we-thyroid luqhuma olungenantlungu entanyeni. Oku kuthiwa yi-thyroid nodule ngokwezonyango. Kodwa ungoyiki! Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, akukho mfuneko yokoyika ukuva iqhuma elinje. Kuba ezili-9 kwezili-10 zezi qhuma azingomhlaza.
Khumbula, umhlaza we-thyroid awusoloko ubonisa zimpawu kwasekuqaleni. Usenokufunyanwa ngengozi xa ugqirha wakho ekuvavanya esinye isifo.
Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, iimpawu ezinjalo zinokwenzeka:
- Ukudumba entanyeni okanye ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo.
- Ukurhawuzelela okanye ukutshintsha kwelizwi.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukuginya ukutya.
- Intlungu yentamo, ngamanye amaxesha iphuma iye ezindlebeni.
Ukuba unempawu ezinje, kungcono ukubonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza kwaye uhlolwe ngaphandle kokuzityeshela.
Kutheni umhlaza we-thyroid ukhula? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?
Njengayo nayiphi na imhlaza, umhlaza we-thyroid ubangelwa lutshintsho (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) kwi-DNA yeeseli kwi-gland. Olu tshintsho lubangela ukuba iiseli zahlukane kwaye zikhule ngokungalawulekiyo. Ezinye zezi nguqu ze-DNA zinokwenzeka ngexesha lobomi bethu, ngelixa ezinye zinokuzuzwa njengelifa nge-genes ezivela kubazali bethu.
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibangela umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza we-thyroid:
- Isini: Abafazi banamathuba aphindwe kathathu okuba nomhlaza we-thyroid kunamadoda.
- Ubudala: Idla ngokubonakala kakhulu kubasetyhini abakwiminyaka yabo engama-40 nama-50 kunye nakumadoda akwiminyaka yabo engama-60 nama-70.
- Imbali yosapho: Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho (abazali, abantakwenu noodadewabo) ukhe waba nomhlaza we-thyroid, nawe usenokuba sengozini.
- Iimeko zofuzo: Ezinye izifo ezizuzwe njengelifa (umz., `(MEN2A)`, `(MEN2B)`) zinokunyusa umngcipheko.
- Ukuvezwa kwimitha: Umngcipheko uphezulu, ingakumbi ukuba ukhe wafumana unyango lwemitha entanyeni nasentloko ngexesha lobuntwana okanye ukhe wavezwa kwizinto ezinemitha ezivela kwingozi yenyukliya.
- Ukunqongophala kwe-iodine: Ukunqongophala kwe-iodine ekutyeni nako kunokuba nefuthe elithile.
- Ukutyeba kakhulu: Ubunzima bomzimba obugqithisileyo buchongiwe njengesizathu esibangela umngcipheko.
Ugqirha ufumanisa njani esi sifo kanye kanye?
Xa usiya kugqirha oneqhuma entanyeni yakho, uza kuqala akuhlole, akubuze ngeempawu zakho kunye nembali yosapho lwakho, aze emva koko akucebise ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo oluninzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo.
- Uvavanyo lweGazi le-thyroid: Oku kujonga ukuba i-thyroid gland yakho ivelisa iihomoni ngokufanelekileyo na. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, amanqanaba eehomoni anokuba aqhelekileyo nokuba kukho umhlaza.
- I-Biopsy: Le yeyona ndlela ichanekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa . Kule nto, kufakwa inaliti ecolekileyo kakhulu (`(Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy)`) kwiqhuma, kuthathwa isampuli yeeseli apho ize ihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu. Oku kuya kunceda ukwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba iiseli zinomhlaza okanye akunjalo.
- Ii-Impression Scans: Ezi scans zinceda ekuboneni uhlobo kunye nobukhulu beqhuma kunye nokuba umhlaza usasazeke na.
- I-Ultrasound Scan: Le yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu, engenabuhlungu, kwaye ilula.
- I-Radioactive Iodine Scan: Oku kunokubonelela ngokuqonda okungcono ngokusebenza kwe-thyroid gland.
- I-CT scan kunye ne-PET scan: Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
Unyango lomhlaza lunjani?
Unyango lomhlaza we-thyroid luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka uhlobo lomhlaza, inqanaba lawo, ubudala bakho, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke. Ugqirha wakho uza kudala isicwangciso sonyango esikulungeleyo.
- Utyando: Olu lolona nyango luphambili noluqhelekileyo . Ugqirha ususa yonke i-thyroid gland (`(Thyroidectomy)`) okanye inxalenye yayo equlethe umhlaza (`(Lobectomy)`). Ukwasusa nee-lymph nodes ezikufutshane apho iiseli zomhlaza zisasazeke khona.
- Unyango lweRadioiodine: Olu nyango lunikwa emva kotyando ukuze kubulawe naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo. Uthatha ipilisi okanye ulwelo olune-radioactive iodine. Ngenxa yokuba le iodine ifunxwa kuphela ziithishu ze-thyroid, imitha yonakalisa ezo seli kuphela.
- Unyango lweMisebe: Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza azifunxi i-iodine. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, umatshini ovela ngaphandle uqondisa umqadi wemitha ojoliswe kuwo kumhlaza uze utshabalalise iiseli.
- Unyango lweeHormone: Emva kokuba i-thyroid gland isusiwe ngotyando, umzimba kufuneka unikwe iihomoni ze-thyroid ngaphandle. Oku kwenziwa ngokunika amayeza ehomoni enziweyo afana ne-levothyroxine. Oku kufuneka kuthathwe ubomi bonke . Eli yeza likwanceda ukuthintela umhlaza ukuba ungabuyi.
- Unyango Olujoliswe Kulo: Olu lonyango olutsha olujolise kubuthathaka obuthile kwiiseli zomhlaza kwaye lusetyenziselwa umhlaza odlamkileyo okanye ophucukileyo.
- Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Unyango lweKhemotherapy alusetyenziswa rhoqo kumhlaza we-thyroid. Lungasetyenziselwa iimeko ezinzima zomhlaza ezingasabelanga kwezinye iindlela zonyango.
Ngaba oku kunganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?
Ewe! Ezi zezona ndaba zibalulekileyo nezikhuthazayo. Uninzi lweentlobo zomhlaza we-thyroid zinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ngonyango. Ingakumbi ukuba umhlaza ufunyenwe kwangethuba, ngaphambi kokuba usasazeke kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba, amathuba okuphiliswa aphezulu kakhulu.
Uhlobo lomhlaza oluqhelekileyo, i-papillary, lunomlinganiselo wokusinda ongaphezulu kwama-98%. Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu ofunyenwe enale sifo unethuba eliphezulu lokuphila iminyaka emihlanu nangaphezulu, njengomntu ophilileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiintlobo ezingaqhelekanga nezinzima ezifana ne-anaplastic, imeko yahlukile. Ke ngoko, ngugqirha wakho kuphela onokukunika ingcaciso ecacileyo malunga nemeko yakho kunye noqikelelo lwayo. Ngoko ke, ungoyiki ukuthetha naye ngokukhululekileyo ngale nto.
Emva konyango, kuya kufuneka uhlolwe rhoqo ukuze ubone ukuba umhlaza ubuyile na. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuba ubona iqhuma, ukudumba, okanye utshintsho kwilizwi lakho entanyeni yakho, musa ukulityeshela uze ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Kodwa ungoyiki, kuba uninzi lwamaqhuma alunawo umhlaza.
- Uninzi lomhlaza we-thyroid, ingakumbi iintlobo eziqhelekileyo, lusabela kakuhle kunyango kwaye lunokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo.
- Okukhona isifo sifunyanwa kwangethuba, kokukhona amathuba okuba unyango luphumelele kwaye luphile ngokupheleleyo aba maninzi.
- Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo. Sela amayeza akho ngexesha, kwaye uye kwintlanganiso zokulandelela emva konyango.
- Kuqhelekile ukuba noloyiko xa ufumanisa ukuba unomhlaza. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo ngeemvakalelo zakho nosapho, abahlobo kunye nogqirha wakho.
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