Ngaba unesihlungu somqala esingapheliyo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa? Okanye ngaba ufumanisa ukuba ithonsili enye ibonakala inkulu kunenye xa uzijonga esipilini? Sihlala sizithatha ezi zinto njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo okanye ithonsili evuvukileyo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zokuqala zento enzulu ngakumbi, umhlaza wethonsili. Ungakhathazeki, akufuneki woyike xa usiva eli gama. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi kakuhle oku. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni umhlaza weetonsil?
Umhlaza weetonsil ngumhlaza okhula kwiindlala ezimbini ezingasemva komqala wakho ezibizwa ngokuba ziitonsil. Ezi tonsils zifumaneka eludongeni olungasemva lomqala wakho, okanye inxalenye yomqala wakho ebizwa ngokuba yi-"pharynx." Enyanisweni, umhlaza weetonsil ngomnye weentlobo zomhlaza ezixhaphakileyo ezikhula emqaleni, okanye "umhlaza we-oropharyngeal."
Eyona nto ingcono kukuba lo mhlaza phantse unganyangeki ngokupheleleyo ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba, ngaphambi kokuba usasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kangaka ukuba uqaphele iimpawu.
Kodwa lo mhlaza awuxhaphakanga kangako. Oko kuthetha ukuba awuchaphazeleki ngumntu wonke. Kodwa kulungile ukuba abantu abaneengxaki zomhlaza baqaphele ngakumbi oku.
Ufanele ukhathazeke ngezi mpawu.
Uphawu oluphambili noluqhelekileyo lomhlaza weetonsil yintlungu yomqala engapheliyo kangangeentsuku okanye iiveki. Ukongeza, olunye lweempawu eziphambili kukudumba kwetonsil enye kuphela kwaye iba nkulu kunenye. Makhe sijonge ezi mpawu ngokusondeleyo.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Umphimbo obuhlungu ongapheliyo | Ukuba umphimbo wakho ubuhlungu kangangeeveki ezininzi, kunokuba uphile kwiintsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu njengomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. |
| Ukwandiswa kwetoni enye | Ukuba, xa ujonge esipilini, enye itonsil ibonakala inkulu kwaye idumbile kunenye, |
| Umoya ombi (iHalitosis) | Ukuba unevumba elibi emlonyeni, loo nto ayipheli nokuba sele uhlambe amazinyo akho kwaye uhlambe umlomo wakho. |
| Igazi ematheni | Ukuba ubona igazi elincinci xa ukhohlela okanye utshica. |
| Ubunzima bokuginya nokuthetha | Ukuba uziva ngathi kukho into ebambeke emqaleni wakho xa uginya ukutya, okanye ukuba ilizwi lakho libonakala litshintshile. |
| Intlungu yendlebe | Ingakumbi ukuba indlebe enye kwelinye icala iyaqhubeka ibuhlungu (kuba imithambo-luvo emphinjeni iqhagamshelwe endlebeni). |
| I-lymphadenopathy yomlomo wesibeleko | Ukuba uva iqhuma elincinci ecaleni kwentamo yakho, phantsi kwesilevu sakho, oku sikubiza ngokuba 'yiqhuma elipheleleyo'. |
Kubalulekile: Ukuba nezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza weetonsil. Isenokuba lusulelo oluqhelekileyo lweetonsillitis. Kodwa ukuba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho.
Kutheni olu hlobo lomhlaza luvela? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?
Izazinzulu azikaqiniseki ngokupheleleyo ukuba kutheni iiseli eziphilileyo ziguquka zibe ziiseli zomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ngoku zichonge izinto ezininzi ezibangela oku.
1. I-Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo enobungozi echongiweyo. I-HPV yintsholongwane edluliselwa ngesondo. Uphando lubonise ukuba ezinye iintlobo zale ntsholongwane, ingakumbi i-HPV-16, zinempembelelo enkulu ekuphuhlisweni komhlaza weethonsi.
2. Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba: Ayizizo kuphela iicuba, iicuba, kunye neebeedis, kodwa nee-e-cigarettes (vaping) ziyingozi. Iikhemikhali ezikwicuba zingonakalisa iiseli zomqala kwaye zibangele umhlaza.
3.Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo: Umntu osela utywala ngelixa etshaya usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana lo mhlaza. Xa ezi zinto zimbini zidityanisiwe, umngcipheko womhlaza uyanda nangakumbi.
4. Ubuthathaka benkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela: Abantu abane-HIV okanye abo bathatha amayeza okunciphisa amasosha omzimba ngenxa yokufakelwa amalungu omzimba basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa lolu hlobo lomhlaza.
Ugqirha uyifumanisa njani le nto? (Ukuxilongwa)
Xa usiya kugqirha onezi mpawu uzikhankanyileyo apha ngasentla, into yokuqala aza kuyenza kukuhlola umqala wakho ngononophelo. Baza kujonga naluphi na utshintsho kwiitoni zakho, izilonda, njl. Banokwenza ne-throat culture ukujonga usulelo.
Ukuba kukho norhanelwa oluncinci lokuba unomhlaza weetonsil, uza kukuthumela kwingcali yendlebe, impumlo nomqala (ENT Surgeon - Otolaryngologist). Apho, kuya kufuneka enze olunye uvavanyo.
I-Biopsy
Le yindlela yokuqinisekisa ukuba ngumhlaza okanye akunjalo. Oku kuquka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicwili kwi-tonsil ekrokrisayo uze ulihlolisise phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze ubone ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza na. Oku kungenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
- I-Incisional Biopsy: Kwenziwa umsikelo omncinci ukuze kufunyanwe isiqwenga sethishu.
- Ukufuthwa Kweenaliti Ezincinci (FNA): Ukuba kukho iqhuma entanyeni, kufakwa inaliti encinci kwaye kususwa isampuli encinci yeeseli ukuze ihlolwe.
Uvavanyo lokuFanekisa
Ukuba i-biopsy iqinisekisa ukuba ngumhlaza, inyathelo elilandelayo kukubona ukuba usasazeke kangakanani na kwaye nokuba usasazeke na kwezinye iindawo. Uvavanyo olufana nolu lusetyenziselwa loo nto.
- Iiskeni ze-CT (iiskeni ze-Computed Tomography)
- Iiskeni zeMRI (iiskeni zeMagnetic Resonance Imaging)
- Iiskeni zePET (iiskeni zePositron Emission Tomography)
Iziphumo zezi mvavanyo zimisela inqanaba lomhlaza. Unyango lucwangcisiwe ngokusekelwe kwelo nqanaba. Ngamafutshane, inqanaba lokuqala lithetha ukuba umhlaza uphelela kwiitoni kuphela. Inqanaba lokugqibela lithetha ukuba usasazeke kwii-lymph nodes okanye kwezinye izitho kwaye kuthiwa yi-metastasize.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lomhlaza weetonsil. Unyango olungcono kuwe luya kuxhomekeka kubukhulu bethumba, indawo elikuyo, nokuba lisasazeke na, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke. Unyango oluphambili lutyando, unyango ngemitha, kunye ne-chemotherapy.
1. Utyando
Ukuba umhlaza mncinane kwaye usekwinqanaba lokuqala, ungasuswa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando.
- Utyando lweRobhothi oluTshintshayo (i-TORS):Le yindlela entsha nephucukileyo. Kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe berobhothi, ithumba elinomhlaza lisuswa ngobuchule kakhulu ukusuka emlonyeni ukuya ngasemva emqaleni. Ekubeni kungekho nxeba likhulu, ukuphiliswa kuyakhawuleza.
- Ukususwa kwe-Lymphadenectomy (Ukususwa kweNtlalo): Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph entanyeni, icandelo lentamo liya kunqunyulwa kwaye ezo ndawo ze-lymph ziya kususwa.
2. Unyango lweMisebe
Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa imitha enamandla aphezulu (njenge-X-ray) ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Olu nyango ngamanye amaxesha lunikwa njengendlela eyahlukileyo kunotyando, okanye ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezinokuthi zihlale emva kotyando.
3. Unyango ngamakhemikhali
Oku kuquka ukunika umzimba amayeza anamandla abulala iiseli zomhlaza. Oku kudla ngokunikezelwa xa umhlaza usasazeke kakhulu, okanye ukuphucula iziphumo zonyango lwemitha.
Iqela lakho loogqirha liza kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olukulungeleyo, ngoko ungathandabuzi ukuxoxa ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onokuba nazo nabo.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?
Ewe, njengalo naluphi na unyango lomhlaza, kunokubakho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kodwa ngoku kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuzilawula.
- Emva kotyando: Ukopha, usulelo, ubunzima bokuginya (dysphagia), kunye notshintsho kwilizwi lunokwenzeka.
- Emva kokusetyenziswa kwe-radiation kunye ne-chemotherapy , ukudinwa, isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, ukulahleka kweenwele, izilonda emlonyeni, kunye nokuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya zizinto eziqhelekileyo.
Uninzi lwezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zezokwexeshana. Ziyaphela kancinci kancinci xa unyango luphelile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukutya kakuhle nokulandela imiyalelo kagqirha ngeli xesha.
Ngaba ikho indlela yokuthintela lo mhlaza?
Nangona ingenakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo, kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo: Yeka ukusebenzisa naluphi na uhlobo lwecuba.
- Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala: Kungcono ukunciphisa utywala kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
- Zikhusele kwi-HPV: Ukufumana isitofu se-HPV kunokukukhusela kwiintlobo zentsholongwane, ezifana ne-HPV-16, ezizezona zibangela lo mhlaza. Ukwabelana ngesondo ngokukhuselekileyo kubalulekile.
- Nyamekela impilo yomlomo wakho: Hlola umlomo wakho rhoqo ngugqirha wamazinyo. Oku kuya kunceda ekufumaneni utshintsho kwasekuqaleni.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nomphimbo obuhlungu ohlala iintsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa, iitoni ezidumbileyo, okanye ubunzima bokuginya, musa ukuzityeshela. Bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Eyona nto ibangela umhlaza weetonsil yintsholongwane yeHPV. Ukutshaya nokusebenzisa utywala nazo zizinto eziyingozi kakhulu.
- Ukuba lo mhlaza ufunyenwe usaqala, izinga lokunyangwa kwawo liphezulu kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ukuxilongwa kwangoko kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Iindlela zonyango ziphucukile. Utyando, unyango lwemitha, kunye ne-chemotherapy zinokuphumelela.
- Ukuba ufunyaniswe unomhlaza, ungatyhafi. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo ngayo nosapho lwakho, abahlobo, kunye neqela lezonyango. Ukufumana inkxaso eyiyo kunamandla amakhulu kwinkqubo yokuphiliswa.
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