Ngaba umntwana wakho ushukumisa umzimba wakhe ngokungalawulekiyo? Ngaba wenza ingxolo? Ngaba yiyo loo nto (iTourette Syndrome)?

Mhlawumbi ukhe wambona umntwana wakho, umntwana womntu ongamaziyo, okanye esikolweni okanye esitalatweni, abanye abantwana ngequbuliso beqhwanyaza amehlo abo, beshukumisa amahlombe abo, bejika iintamo zabo ngendlela engaqhelekanga, okanye benze ingxolo evakala ngathi bakhupha imiqala yabo. Ngamanye amaxesha njengabantu abadala, sinokucinga, "Ngaba lo mntwana uyadlala? Okanye uzama ukufumana ingqalelo yomntu?" Kodwa eneneni, ezi zizinto abangenakuzilawula, zenzeka nje ngokwendalo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko efana nale, enzima kancinci, kodwa xa iqondwa, inokulawulwa kakhulu. Leyo yi -`(Tourette Syndrome)` okanye i-Tourette Syndrome, imeko yemithambo-luvo.

Yintoni i-`(Tourette Syndrome)`? Masiyiqonde ngokulula!

Ngamafutshane, `(Tourette Syndrome)` yimeko echaphazela ingqondo yethu kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Okwenzekayo koku kukuba umntu ngequbuliso abe neentshukumo zomzimba okanye izandi angenakuzilawula. Ngokwezonyango oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-`(tics)` okanye `tics.` Cinga ngako njenge-`switch` encinci emzimbeni wethu ephumayo, kodwa asinakuyilawula ngendlela esiyifunayo.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zezi `(tics)`:

1. `(Iintshukumo zokunyakaza komzimba)`: Ezi `(iintshukumo zokunyakaza komzimba)` ezibandakanya iintshukumo zomzimba. Umzekelo, ukushukumisa amagxa, ukuqhwanyaza amehlo, ukunikina intloko, kunye nokuqhwanyaza amalungu omzimba.

2. Ukushukuma kwelizwi: Ezi ziintshukumo ezibandakanya ilizwi. Umzekelo, ukwenza ingxolo efana nokucoca umphimbo, ukuphefumla ngempumlo, ukubhomboloza, ukuthetha amazwi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukukhwaza.

Ngokwesiqhelo "i-motor tics" iqala kuqala, ilandelwe "yi-vocal tics". "I-Tourette Syndrome" yeyona "ngxaki imbi kakhulu" kwezi, okanye eyona ibonakalisa kakhulu. Idla ngokuqala ebuntwaneni, phakathi kweminyaka emi-5 ne-7. Ngethamsanqa, kubantu abaninzi, le meko iyancipha kakhulu njengoko bekhula, ingakumbi xa bekwishumi elivisayo. Isenokuphela ngokupheleleyo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani `(iTourette Syndrome)`?

Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ngokomyinge, malunga nomnye kubantwana abali-100 unokuba nohlobo oluthile lwesifo sokungakwazi ukuhambahamba. Nangona kunjalo, ukuxhaphaka kwesifo se-"Tourette Syndrome" kuphantsi kancinci. Oko kuthetha ukuba ngumntwana omnye kuphela kwabali-160 oxelwe ukuba une-"Tourette Syndrome."

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeengxaki zokushukuma komzimba? Ngaba kukho iTourette Syndrome kuphela?

Hayi, iTourette Syndrome lolunye uhlobo lwesifo sokudinwa. Kukho ezinye iintlobo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwesifo sokudinwa onaso ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho.

Izifo ze-Tic zingahlulwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ingxaki yokushukuma kwesikhashana: Kule meko, nokuba kushukuma kwemisipha, ukushukuma kwelizwi, okanye zombini zihlala ixesha elingaphantsi konyaka.
• Isifo sokushukuma esingapheliyo (esingapheliyo): Kule meko, kukho indibaniselwano ye-motortics okanye i-vocal tics (kodwa kungekhona zombini) ixesha elingaphezu konyaka.
• I-Tourette Syndrome: Kule meko , zombini iintshukumo zomzimba kunye neentshukumo zelizwi kufuneka zibe khona ixesha elingaphezu konyaka.

Zithini iimpawu ze-`(Tourette Syndrome)`?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, uphawu oluphambili lweTourette Syndrome kukushukuma komzimba. Oku kudla ngokuqala phakathi kweminyaka emi-5 ne-7, kwaye kudla ngokufika kwincopho xa uneminyaka eli-12. Emva koko, kuncipha kancinci kancinci.

Ezi `(tics)` zinokuba `(simple)` okanye `(complex)`:

IiTics ezilula kunye neeTics ezintsonkothileyo

• Ukushukuma okulula: Ezi ziintshukumo okanye izandi ezikhawulezayo neziphindaphindayo ezidla ngokubandakanya amaqela ambalwa emisipha. Cinga ngokushukumisa amahlombe akho, ukuqhwanyaza amehlo akho, okanye ukuphefumla ngempumlo yakho.
• Iintshukumo ezintsonkothileyo: Ezi ziquka iintshukumo ezininzi kunye namaqela emisipha. Umzekelo, ukutsiba phezulu nasezantsi, ukuphinda igama okanye ibinzana ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukuphinda oko kuthethwa ngabanye (echolalia), kunye nokusebenzisa ulwimi olungcolileyo (coprolalia) yimizekelo yeentshukumo ezintsonkothileyo.

Eminye imizekelo ye-`(Motor Tic)`:

• Ukuqhwaba okanye ukuphosa amalungu omzimba
• Ukugoba esinqeni
• Ukuxhuzula kwamehlo (rhoqo)
• Ukuxhuzula okanye ukujika intloko ngequbuliso
• Ukutsiba phezulu
• Ukuhambisa ihoko
• Imbonakalo yobuso egqwethekileyo okanye etsaliweyo

Eminye imizekelo ye-`(Vocal Tic)`:

• Ukwenza ingxolo efana nenja ekhonkothayo
• Ukwenza isandi sokurhona
• Ngequbuliso ekhwaza
• Ukuphefumla ngesandi esirhabaxa ngempumlo
• Ukucoca umphimbo rhoqo

Ngaba ezi `(Tics)` zingaba yingozi ngamanye amaxesha?

Uninzi lwexesha, iintshukumo zomzimba azibangeli monakalo mkhulu. Kodwa ezinye iintshukumo zomzimba zinokubangela ukuzenzakalisa. Umzekelo, ukuzibetha ebusweni.

Kwakhona, kukho `(vocal tic)` ebizwa ngokuba `(coprolalia)`. Kukuthetha okungalawulekiyo kwamagama angcolileyo okanye angafanelekanga eluntwini. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abanye banokucinga ukuba lo mntu uhlukumeza kwaye ukhathaza abanye ngabom. Ingakumbi ukuba umntwana unolu hlobo `(tic)`, unokohlwaywa ngokungeyomfuneko esikolweni okanye ekhaya.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuqonda ukuba ezi "ntshukumo" aziyonto eyenziwa ngumntu ngabom. Zizinto ezenzeka ngaphandle kolawulo.

Yintoni ebangela iTourette Syndrome?

Isizathu esichanekileyo seTourette Syndrome asikaziwa okwangoku . Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba le meko idla ngokusasazeka kwiintsapho, izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba kukho impembelelo yemfuza . Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho ithuba lokuba abantwana baza kuzuza esi sifo kubazali babo.

Ukongeza, kukwakho nethiyori yokuba utshintsho oluthile ekusebenzeni kwee-neurotransmitters (ezi ziikhemikhali ezilawula indlela esiziphatha ngayo kunye neentshukumo zethu) engqondweni yethu, ingakumbi ukungalingani kwi-neurotransmitter ebizwa ngokuba yi-dopamine, lunokuba negalelo koku.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokukhula kweTourette Syndrome?

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibangela umngcipheko kule meko:

• Isini: Abafana banamathuba amathathu ukuya kwamane okufumana iTourette Syndrome kunamantombazana.
• Imbali yosapho: Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukuba kukho umntu kusapho onale meko, inokudluliselwa ebantwaneni ngee-genes.
• Impilo yangaphambi kokuzalwa: Ukuba umama utshaye ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye unezinye iingxaki zempilo, umntwana usenokuba sengozini enkulu yokuba neTourette Syndrome. Isenokunxulunyaniswa nokuzalwa enobunzima obuphantsi.

Ifunyaniswa njani iTourette Syndrome?

Ukuze ugqirha axilonge `(isifo sokushukuma komzimba)`, `(i-tics)` kufuneka ukuba iqale ngaphambi kokuba ifikelele kwiminyaka eli-18. Ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba une `(i-Tourette Syndrome)`, zombini `(i-motor tics)` kunye `(i-vocal tics)` kufuneka zibe zikho ixesha elingaphezu konyaka .

Akukho vavanyo lwegazi okanye iskeni ethile yokuxilonga iTourette Syndrome. Endaweni yoko, ugqirha wakho uya kumamela ngononophelo imbali yakho (okanye yomntwana wakho) yezonyango kunye neempawu. Nazi ezinye izinto onokufuna ukuzazi malunga neTics:

• Zingaphi izihlandlo apho i-tics zenzeka khona?
• Waqala eneminyaka emingaphi u-`(Tics)`?
• Yintoni uhlobo lwe-`(tics)` (elula okanye enzima)?

Kwakhona, ugqirha unokwenza uvavanyo oluthile ukuze aqinisekise ukuba azikho ezinye iimeko zonyango ezinokubangela ukudumba.

Ngaba ezinye iimeko zempilo zinokwenzeka xa une-`(Tourette Syndrome)`?

Ewe, abantu abaninzi abaneTourette Syndrome banokuba nenye okanye ezinye iingxaki zempilo. Ezi zihlala zizifo zengqondo okanye zokuziphatha. Eminye imizekelo yile:

• Iingxaki zokuxhalaba
• Ingxaki Yokungakwazi Ukuqwalasela Izinto Ngokupheleleyo (ADHD)
• Ingxaki ye-Autism Spectrum (ASD)
• Uxinzelelo
• Ukukhubazeka kokufunda
• Isifo Sokuxhalaba Okugqithisileyo (OCD)
• Ingxaki Yokuchasana Nokuchasana (ODD)

Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqwalasela ezi meko zinxulumene nazo xa unyanga iTourette Syndrome.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-`(Tourette Syndrome)`?

Ukuba i-`(tics)` incinci kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba ayinampembelelo ingako kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, unyango lusenokungabi yimfuneko. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-`(tics)` inzima, oko kuthetha ukuba iphazamisana nomsebenzi, umsebenzi wesikolo, ubudlelwane bezentlalo, okanye ukuba ezinye i-`(tics)` zibangela ukuzenzakalisa, unyango ngokuqinisekileyo luyafuneka.

Amayeza kunye nonyango lokuziphatha zisetyenziswa kakhulu koku.

Ngaba amayeza ayanceda?

Ewe, ugqirha angakunika udidi lwamayeza abizwa ngokuba yi -neuroleptics yeTourette Syndrome. La mayeza asebenza ngokunciphisa umsebenzi wekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-dopamine engqondweni. Kuba ukunyuka kwamanqanaba e-dopamine kucingelwa ukuba yimbangela yokwanda kwe-tics.

Ukongeza, amayeza ahlukeneyo anokunikwa kwezinye iimeko ezenzeka kwiTourette Syndrome, njenge-ADHD okanye i-OCD.

Unyango lokuziphatha lunokunceda njani?

Sasisithi iintshukumo ezihambisana neTourette Syndrome azilawuleki kwaye azilawuleki. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela ezintsha zokuziphatha ezinokunceda ekulawuleni ezi ntshukumo kwaye zinciphise impembelelo yazo embi kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Enye yezona ndlela ziphambili zonyango yi- "Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT)" . Ngamafutshane, yenza oku:

1. Ukufunda indlela yokuphendula kwi-`(tics)`: Xa uziva i-`(tic)` iyeza, uziqhelisa ukwenza into echasene nayo, oko kukuthi, ukwenza enye intshukumo okanye isenzo esicinezela i-`(tic)`. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-`(competition response)`. Umzekelo, ukuba uziva ngathi uza kuqhwanyaza, uziqhelisa ukuvala amehlo akho ngokuqinileyo ngabom endaweni yoko.

2. Uqeqesho lokuqaphela `(Tics)`: Abanye abantu baziva ``umnqweno wokubona kwangaphambili`` ngaphambi kokuba kufike `(tic)`. Njengokuva into engaqhelekanga empumlweni ngaphambi kokuba uthimle. Wakuba ufunde ukuqaphela lo mnqweno wokubona kwangaphambili, ungazama ukuwucinezela okanye ukuwutshintsha ngaphambi kokuba kufike `(tic)`.

3. Ukunceda ukunciphisa i-`(Tics)`: `(tics)` idla ngokwanda xa uxhalabile, uxinezelekile, okanye wonwabile kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ngokuziqhelanisa nokuhlala uzolile kangangoko unako kwaye uphephe iimeko ezixinzelelekileyo, unokunciphisa ukuphindaphindeka kwe-`(tics)`.

Liyintoni ikamva lomntu one-`(Tourette Syndrome)`?

Akukho nyango lweTourette Syndrome. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, le meko idla ngokuphucuka kakhulu njengoko abantu bekhula . Nangona ukushukuma kwengqondo kusenokuqhubeka, uninzi lwabantu aludingi mayeza okanye unyango lokuziphatha xa sele bekhulile. Abantu abaneTourette Syndrome baphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo . Oku kuthetha ukuba ayisiyo imeko yobomi bonke, efinyeza ubomi.

Ngaba iTourette Syndrome ingathintelwa?

Hayi, akukho ndlela yokuthintela iTourette Syndrome. Oku kungenxa yokuba inefuthe kwimfuza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye inyangwa ngokufanelekileyo , iTourette Syndrome inokuthintelwa ukuba ingabi mandundu kwaye ingancitshiswa ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile de ibe ngumntu omdala.

Yintoni enokwenziwa ukuze kube lula ukuphila neTourette Syndrome?

Ukuphila neTourette Syndrome kunokuba nzima, ingakumbi ebantwaneni. Kunokuba nzima ukugxila kumsebenzi wesikolo kunye nokusebenzisana nabanye. Ke ngoko, inkxaso enamandla evela kubahlobo, kusapho, nakootitshala inokunceda kakhulu ekuncedeni umntwana oneTourette Syndrome ukuba alawule esi sifo.

Abantwana abaneTourette Syndrome nabo banokuzuza kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukufunda eklasini apho kukho abafundi abambalwa.
• Ukufumana ingqalelo yobuqu esikolweni.
• Ukuba nexesha elongezelelweyo lokwenza izinto ezifana nemisebenzi.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba umntwana, usapho, kunye nootitshala babe nokuqonda okuchanekileyo ngale meko. Emva koko, endaweni yokumgxeka okanye ukuhlekisa ngomntwana, wonke umntu unokumnceda aze amxhase ekuphuhliseni izakhono zakhe.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha malunga ne-`(Tourette Syndrome)`?

Ukuba umntu oneTourette Syndrome ubonakalisa naziphi na kwezi mpawu, kufuneka abonane nogqirha ngoko nangoko :

• Ukuba uziphatha ngogonyamelo.
• Ukuba uzenzakalisa.
• Ukuba uthetha ngokuzibulala. (Kwiimeko ezinjalo, eSri Lanka, ungafowunela iinkonzo zenkxaso ezifana ne-1926 Sumithrayo.) Kwimeko engxamisekileyo, tsalela umnxeba ku-119.

I-Tourette Syndrome yimeko yemithambo-luvo ebangela ukuba umntu enze iintshukumo okanye izandi ezinganyanzelekanga (tics). Le ngxaki idla ngokuqala ebuntwaneni kwaye idla ngokuphucuka njengoko ekhula. Amayeza kunye nonyango lokuziphatha zezona ndlela ziphambili zonyango lwe-Tourette Syndrome. Iingcali ze-neurologists okanye iingcali zengqondo ziyayinyanga le meko.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, makhe sihlolisise ezinye zezinto esithethe ngazo (iTourette Syndrome) esicinga ukuba zibalulekile kuwe:

• I-Tourette Syndrome yimeko yengqondo nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo eyenzeka ebantwaneni. Ibangela ukushukuma okungalawulekiyo (ukushukuma kwemisipha kunye nokuvakala kwezwi).
• Ezi "ntshukumo" aziyonjongo. Ngoko ke musa ukumgxeka umntwana.
• Kwiimeko ezininzi, le meko iyancipha kakhulu xa abantu bekhula, ingakumbi kubantu abaselula.
• Le meko ingalawulwa kakuhle ngamayeza kunye nonyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo (i-CBIT).
• Uthando, ukuqonda, kunye nenkxaso umntwana oneTourette Syndrome ayifumana kusapho, kootitshala nakubahlobo kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Ukuba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngale nto, okanye ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho unale mpawu, bonana nogqirha wabantwana, ingcali yezifo zengqondo, okanye ugqirha wengqondo ukuze akunike iingcebiso.

Ungakhathazeki, iTourette Syndrome yimeko enokuphathwa ngempumelelo ngokuqonda nokulawula ngokufanelekileyo.

I- Tourette Syndrome, ii-Tics, ii-Motor Tics, ii-Vocal Tics, i-Neurology, iiPediatrics, unyango lokuziphatha