Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kwaye wothukile xa ufumanisa ukuba unomhlaza we-colonectal. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi ngamaxesha anje. Ukuqonda ukuba loluphi unyango oza kulufumana kunye noko ukulindeleyo kunokuba luncedo olukhulu. Unyango lomhlaza we-colonectal luxhomekeke kakhulu "kwinqanaba" lawo. Ngamafutshane, isicwangciso sonyango simiselwa kukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani.
Inqanaba 0: Ukuqala komhlaza
Oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaza ukwinqanaba lokuqala. Oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zikwindawo encinci yekholoni okanye i-rectum yakho kuphela. Ngoko ke eli nqanaba linokunyangwa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando.
Uhlobo lotyando oluya kwenziwa luya kuxhomekeka kubukhulu bethumba.
- Kwizimila ezincinci: Ugqirha angasusa kuphela isimila esinomhlaza kunye neqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicwili esijikeleze sona. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-"Polypectomy." Oku kunokwenziwa rhoqo ngexesha le-colonoscopy, inkqubo esebenzisa ikhamera ukujonga ikholoni.
- Kwizimila ezinkulu: Ukuba isimila sikhulu kakhulu, ugqirha unokufuneka asike inxalenye yomhlaza yekholoni aze aphinde adibanise ezo ndawo zimbini ziphilileyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-anastomosis. Emva koko, amathumbu akho aya kusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kwakhona.
Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha angacinga nangonyango lwe-radiation.
Inqanaba I: Inqanaba elilawulekayo
Okwangoku, umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kolwelo lwekholoni, uye kumaleko wesibini nowesithathu. Kodwa okona kubaluleke kakhulu, umhlaza awukasasazeki ngaphaya kodonga lwemisipha yekholoni, okanye ngaphandle kwekholoni.
Okwangoku, unyango oluphambili luselutyando lokususa umhlaza kunye nenani elincinci lezicubu ezijikelezileyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, unyango olongezelelweyo (olufana ne-chemotherapy) alufuneki.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isigulana sikhulile kakhulu, okanye sinezinye izifo ezinzulu, ugqirha unokugqiba ekubeni anike unyango lwemitha endaweni yotyando.
Inqanaba lesiBini: Isasazeka eludongeni lwamathumbu
Kwinqanaba lesibini, iiseli zomhlaza zinkulu kwaye zikhule ngodonga lwemisipha yekholoni. Zisenokuba zisasazeke kumalungu akufutshane afana nesinyi, isibeleko (kwabasetyhini), okanye i-prostate gland (kwamadoda).
Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi apha zezokuba umhlaza awukasasazeki kwiindawo ze-lymph okanye kwiindawo ezikude emzimbeni.
Ngeli xesha, unyango lulandelayo:
- Umhlaza kunye nezicwili ezijikelezileyo osasazeke kuzo ziyasuswa ngotyando.
- Unyango lwemitha kunye ne -chemotherapy zinokunikwa ngaphambi okanye emva kotyando. Olu nyango lunikwa ngaphambi kotyando ukuze lwenze ithumba libe lincinci kwaye kube lula ukulisusa. Lunikwa emva kotyando ukuze kutshatyalaliswe naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo kwaye kuthintelwe ukuba isifo singabuyi.
Inqanaba lesi-3: Isasazeka kwiindlala ze-sebaceous
Inqanaba lesi-3 kuxa umhlaza usasazeke kwi-lymph nodes enye okanye ezingaphezulu. Ii-lymph nodes zizakhiwo ezincinci ezenza iiseli ezilwa nosulelo emzimbeni wethu kwaye zisebenza njengezihluzi.
Eli nqanaba lahlulwe ngakumbi libe ngamacandelo amathathu: u-A, u-B, kunye no-C. Ngamafutshane:
- Inqanaba lesi-IIIA: Umhlaza ungaphakathi kodonga lwamathumbu amakhulu kwaye usasazeke ukuya kwii-lymph nodes.
- Inqanaba lesi-3B: Umhlaza ukhule wadlula eludongeni lwekholoni kwaye usasazeke ukuya kwi-1-4 lymph nodes.
- Inqanaba lesi-3C: Umhlaza usasazeke kwii-lymph nodes ezingaphezu kwe-4 kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba usasazeke nakwizitho ezikufutshane.
Isicwangciso sonyango ngeli xesha sidla ngokubonakala ngolu hlobo:
- Utyando: Ukuba kunokwenzeka, ithumba elinomhlaza kunye nazo zonke ii-lymph nodes ezinxulumene nalo ziyasuswa.
- Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Unyango lweKhemotherapy ludla ngokunikezelwa emva kotyando.
- Unyango ngemitha: Ukuba umhlaza mkhulu kwaye usasazeke kwizicwili ezingqongileyo, unyango ngemitha lunokunikwa.
Isigaba IV: Umhlaza weMetastatic
Inqanaba lesi-4 kuxa umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ezikude emzimbeni, ingakumbi isibindi okanye imiphunga . Oogqirha bakwabiza eli nqanaba ngokuthi "umhlaza osasazekayo". Kule ndawo, injongo ephambili yonyango kukulawula isifo, ukunciphisa iimpawu, ukwandisa ubomi bomguli kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kunye nokugcina umgangatho wobomi uphezulu.
Makhe sijonge iindlela eziphambili zonyango ezisetyenziswayo ngeli xesha kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
| Indlela yonyango | Inkcazo kunye nemizekelo |
|---|---|
| Unyango ngamakhemikhali | Olu lolona nyango luphambili ngeli xesha. Amayeza asetyenziswa rhoqo aquka i-`5-fluorouracil`, i-`Capecitabine (Xeloda)`, i-`Irinotecan (Camptosar)`, i-`Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)`, kunye ne-`trifluridine kunye ne-tipiracil (Lonsurf)`. Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke esibindini, i-chemotherapy inokunikwa ngqo esibindini. |
| Unyango olujoliswe kulo | La ngamayeza ajolise kwiimolekyuli ezithile ezinceda iiseli zomhlaza zikhule kwaye zisasazeke, ngelixa zinciphisa umonakalo kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo. La aquka amayeza afana ne-`Bevacizumab (Avastin), `Cetuximab (Erbitux),` kunye ne-`Panitumumab (Vectibix).` La akwabizwa ngokuba yi-`(Monoclonal antibodies)`. |
| Utyando | Injongo yotyando kukulawula iimpawu. Umzekelo, utyando lwenziwa ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuvaleka kwamathumbu okanye kumiswe ukopha okungalawulekiyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ithumba elinye okanye amabini anomhlaza esibindini anokususwa. Ezinye iindlela ziquka ukukhenkceza ithumba (cryosurgery) okanye ukusebenzisa ubushushu (radiofrequency ablation). |
| Unyango ngemitha | Unyango lwemitha lusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iimpawu ezifana neentlungu. |
Kuthekani ukuba umhlaza ubuya? (Umhlaza Ophindaphindayo)
Ngamanye amaxesha, umhlaza ungabuya emva konyango. Oogqirha bawubiza lo mhlaza ngokuthi "umhlaza ophinda ubuye." Oku kungaba kwindawo enye apho umhlaza wawukhona ngaphambili okanye kwenye indawo yomzimba. Lo mngcipheko uphezulu kancinci kubantu ababenomhlaza kwinqanaba eliphezulu (umz., iSigaba sesiThathu).
Unyango ukuba umhlaza uphinde wavela:
- Utyando: Izifundo zibonise ukuba ukuba umhlaza ophinde wabuyela kwimeko yawo unokususwa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando, oko kunokunceda isigulana siphile ixesha elide.
- Unyango lweKhemotherapy kunye nonyango lwemitha: Olu nyango lusetyenziswa ukuba utyando alunakuwususa ngokupheleleyo umhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha olu nyango lunokunciphisa ithumba ukuze lisuswe ngotyando kamva.
- Uvavanyo lwezonyango:Ezi zizifundo ngamayeza amatsha okanye unyango. Ngamanye amaxesha, oku kunokukunika ithuba lokuzama unyango olutsha olungasetyenziswa rhoqo okwangoku. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isicwangciso sonyango lomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu sixhomekeke phantse ngokupheleleyo kwinqanaba lesifo.
- Kwiimeko zokuqala (iSigaba 0, I), unyango oluphambili lutyando.
- Kwiimeko eziphambili apho umhlaza usasazeke khona (Inqanaba lesi-2, lesi-3, lesi-4), indlela enye okanye ezingaphezulu ezifana notyando, i-chemotherapy, unyango lwe-radiation, kunye nonyango olujoliswe kulo zisetyenziswa kunye.
- Iqela lezonyango, elikhokelwa ngugqirha ohlola imeko yakho, liza kugqiba ngesicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe okanye kulowo umthandayo.
- Ngoko ke, vuleka kakhulu kwaye uthembeke kubo malunga nemibuzo, amathandabuzo, okanye uloyiko onokuba nalo. Ngolwazi olufanelekileyo kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo, unokukwazi ukulwa nale meko ngempumelelo.
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