Izinto ekufuneka uzazi malunga nomhlaza wegazi - Musa ukoyika, masithethe ngayo!

Xa sisiva igama elithi "umhlaza," sonke siyoyika kancinci, akunjalo? Xa sisiva igama elithi "umhlaza wegazi," sinokuziva soyika nangakumbi. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuba yintoni kanye kanye, kutheni ikhula, zithini iimpawu, kwaye ingaba kukho unyango. Emva koko unokujongana nale meko ngaphandle koloyiko olungeyomfuneko. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngalo mhlaza wegazi ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni umhlaza wegazi? Kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni wethu?

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza wegazi sisifo esichaphazela iiseli ezenza igazi emzimbeni wethu kunye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo ezo seli. Uninzi lwale mihlaza yegazi luqala kumongo wethu wamathambo. Umongo wamathambo yinto ethambileyo, efana nesiponji ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu. Lo mongo wamathambo kulapho umzimba wethu wenza khona iiseli ezisisiseko. Ezi seli ezisisiseko kamva ziba ziiseli zegazi ngolu hlobo:

• Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu: Ezi zithwala ioksijini emizimbeni yethu. Zicinge njengeelori ezincinci ezithwala ubomi kuyo yonke inxalenye yomzimba wethu.
• Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe: Ezi zifana namajoni alwa nezifo neentsholongwane ezingena emizimbeni yethu.
• Iiplatelets: Ezi zinceda ekumiseni ukopha xa kukho inxeba.

Ngoku, xa kuvela umhlaza wegazi, ngesizathu esithile, inkqubo yokwenza ezi seli zegazi iyaphela. Iiseli zomhlaza ezivelelayo azikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi owenziwa ziiseli zegazi eziqhelekileyo. Endaweni yoko, ezi seli zomhlaza ezingaqhelekanga zahlukana ngokukhawuleza kwaye zingalawuleki, ziminyanisa iiseli zegazi ezilungileyo kwaye zikhubaze yonke inkqubo. Kufana nokhula olukhula luze lugqume izityalo ezilungileyo.

Umhlaza wegazi sisifo esibi kakhulu, yinyani leyo. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba abantu abaninzi ngoku bayaphola kumhlaza wegazi, okanye baphila ngempumelelo nesi sifo.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo zomhlaza wegazi? Zithini ezo?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zomhlaza wegazi. Uhlobo ngalunye luneentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza.

1. I-Leukemia: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wegazi, ingakumbi ebuntwaneni. Iiseli ze-leukemia ziqala kumongo wethambo. Ukusuka apho, zinokusasazeka ziye egazini. Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi ziiseli zegazi ezimhlophe ezingavuthwanga.

2. I-Lymphoma: Lo ngumhlaza okhula kwinkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic. Iiseli ze-lymphoma ziqala kuhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi ebizwa ngokuba yi-lymphocytes. Ezi seli zomhlaza zinokwenza ii-tumor kwiindawo ezifana nee-lymph nodes zethu. I-Hodgkin Lymphoma kunye ne-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma zezona ntlobo zimbini ziphambili.

3. I-Myeloma: Le ikwangumhlaza oqala kumongo wethambo. Ichaphazela uhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba ziiseli zeplasma. I-Multiple Myeloma lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo.

Ukongeza kwezi ntlobo ziphambili, kukwakho nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wegazi ezingaqhelekanga:

• IiMyeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN): Lo mhlaza ubangela ukuba umongo wakho wethambo uvelise iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, okanye iiplatelets ezingaphezulu kunokuba kuyimfuneko.
• I-Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS): Kule meko, umongo wakho wenza iiseli zegazi ezingaqhelekanga. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi seli zegazi azivuthwa kakuhle, yiyo loo nto zingaqhelekanga. Ezi seli zingavuthwanga zikwabizwa ngokuba zii-blasts.

Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?

Iimpawu zomhlaza wegazi zingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza, kodwa kukho ezinye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uziqwalasele ngokubanzi:

• Ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu (Ukudinwa): Asikuko ukudinwa nje kuphela, kodwa kukudinwa kakhulu okungapheliyo nokuba ulala kangakanani na.
• Ukuphefumla kancinci: Nokuba ukwenza umsebenzi omncinci kunokukwenza uzive uphelelwa ngamandla.
• Ii-lymph nodes ezidumbileyo: Ukudumba okungenabuhlungu kwiindawo ezifana nentamo, emakhwapheni, nasemqolo.
• Usulelo oluqhelekileyo: Usulelo luvela rhoqo kuba iiseli zomzimba ezilwa nezifo zibuthathaka.

Ukongeza koku, kunokubakho nezinye iimpawu:

• Iintlungu zomzimba, ingakumbi iintlungu zamathambo.
• Ukubila ebusuku okumanzi: Ukuya kwinqanaba apho amalaphu ebhedi emanzi.
• Isibindi esikhulu okanye i-spleen.
• Intlungu yamalungu.
• Umkhuhlane ongapheliyo.
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngendlela engachazekiyo.
• Ukukruquka okanye ukopha okungaqhelekanga, ukopha nokuphuma kwimivumbo emincinci, amabala amancinci abomvu (i-petechiae) okanye amabala amfusa (i-purpura) eluswini.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, ungoyiki ukuba unomhlaza kuba nje unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zezinye izifo eziqhelekileyo. Kodwa ukuba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka kangangeeveki ezimbalwa, ngokuqinisekileyo kububulumko ukubona ugqirha uze uhlolwe.

Kutheni le nto lo mhlaza wegazi uvela? Yintoni unobangela?

Eyona nto ibangela umhlaza wegazi kukutshintsha (ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo) kwi-'DNA' yeeseli zegazi. Kalula nje, '(i-DNA)' ifana "neziko lolawulo" elinika imiyalelo kwiiseli zethu. Yonke into emisela ukuba iseli yegazi kufuneka ikhule nini, ukuba ifanele yahlulwe nini, kwaye ukuba ifanele ife nini imiselwa yimiyalelo enikwe yile '(i-DNA)'.

Ngoko ke, ukuba imiyalelo engalunganga ibhaliwe kule `(DNA)`, oko kukuthi, ukuba kwenzeka `(uguquko)`, iiseli zegazi ezingaqhelekanga ziqala ukwakheka emzimbeni wethu. Ezi seli ezingaqhelekanga ziqala ukwahlukana ngokukhawuleza nangokungalawulekiyo kuneeseli eziqhelekileyo. Xa oko kusenzeka, iiseli zegazi ezilungileyo neziqhelekileyo ziyawohloka kancinci kancinci, kwaye inkqubo izaliswe ziiseli ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga.

Ekugqibeleni, inani leeseli eziqhelekileyo eziveliswa ngumongo wethambo liyancipha. Oku kuthetha ukuba azikho iiseli ezilungileyo ezaneleyo ezenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo emzimbeni.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umhlaza wegazi?

Kukho izinto ezithile ezibangela umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wegazi. Nazi:

• Ubudala: Umngcipheko uyanda ngokuhamba kweminyaka.
• Isini: Amadoda anamathuba amaninzi okufumana umhlaza wegazi.
• Ukutshaya: Abantu abatshayayo okanye abachanabeka kumsi otshayiweyo ngabantu abangengabo basengozini enkulu.
• Ukuvezwa kwiikhemikhali ezinobungozi: Ukuvezwa kwiikhemikhali ezinobungozi ixesha elide ezifana ne-`(Benzene)` kunye ne-`(Formaldehyde)` kunokunyusa umngcipheko. Lo mngcipheko uphezulu kubantu abasebenza kwiindawo ezifana neefektri.
• Unyango lomhlaza lwangaphambili: Ukuba ukhe wafumana unyango lomhlaza olufana ne-chemotherapy okanye unyango lwe-radiation, umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza wegazi unokwanda kancinci.
• Imbali yosapho: Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wegazi zifumaneka kwiintsapho. Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu ofumana umhlaza wegazi onembali yosapho lwakhe yesi sifo.
• Iimeko ezithile zempilo: Abantu abanezifo ezithile zokuzikhusela komzimba (izifo ezihlasela iiseli zomzimba), ukudumba okungapheliyo, kunye nezifo ezithile zofuzo basengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza wegazi.

Ngaba kukho into esinokuyenza ukunciphisa lo mngcipheko?

Inyaniso kukuba, umhlaza wegazi awusosifo esinokuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo. Nokuba umntu ophilileyo ongenazo izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko unokuba nomhlaza wegazi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuziphepha ezinye izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko, njengokuphepha ukutshaya, umngcipheko ungancitshiswa ngandlela ithile.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le sifo? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuba unale mpawu, ugqirha uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho, imbali yakho yezonyango, kunye nokuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nale ngxaki. Emva koko baza kwenza uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza ugqirha alukrokrelayo, kusenokufuneka benze iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo.

• Uvavanyo lwegazi:
• Ubalo lweGazi olupheleleyo (CBC): Oku kujonga amanqanaba aphantsi okanye aphezulu eeseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe, kunye neeplatelets egazini.
• `Uvavanyo lweKhemistri yeGazi`: Olu vavanyo luhlola iiproteni ezithile kunye nee-enzymes egazini. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zomhlaza wegazi.
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: Olu vavanyo lunokukhangela iimpawu zomhlaza emzimbeni. Imizekelo yale mizekelo ibandakanya ii-CT scans, ii-MRI scans, kunye nee-PET scans.
• I-Bone Marrow Biopsy: Ugqirha wakho uza kuthatha isampuli encinci yomongo wakho aze awuhlole. Oku kuya kunceda ukubona ukuba zingaphi iiseli zomhlaza ezingaqhelekanga ezikhoyo xa kuthelekiswa neeseli eziqhelekileyo, kunye nokuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho kwi-DNA olunokubangela umhlaza.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zomhlaza wegazi?

Ngethamsanqa, ngoku kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango eziphambili zomhlaza wegazi. Nazi ezinye zeendlela eziphambili zonyango:

• Unyango ngamakhemikhali:Olu lolona nyango luphambili lomhlaza wegazi. Lusebenza ngokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza nokulawula ukusasazeka kwesifo, okanye ukusiphelisa ngokupheleleyo. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zamayeza ``eChemotherapy`` zisetyenziselwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wegazi.
• Unyango lweMisebe: Olu nyango lusebenzisa imisebe enamandla aphezulu ukonakalisa i-DNA yeeseli ezingaqhelekanga kwaye luthintele ukwahlukana kwazo. Ngamanye amaxesha olu nyango lunikwa ukunciphisa iimpawu (Ukhathalelo lwePalliative). Luhlala lunikezelwa kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango.
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Oku kusebenza ngokuqinisa amasosha omzimba wakho ukuze akuncede ekulweni nomhlaza. Ii-Monoclonal Antibodies kunye ne-CAR T-cell Therapy ziindlela zonyango ezidumileyo ezisetyenziselwa oku.
• Unyango Olujoliswe Kulo: La mayeza enzelwe ukujolisa nokuhlasela ubuthathaka obuthile kwiiseli zomhlaza obubangelwa lutshintsho lwemfuza.
• Ukufakelwa kweeseli zeStem:
• Ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-Autologous Stem: Kule meko, oogqirha baqokelela baze bagcine iiseli ze-stem kwi-bone marrow yakho ngaphambi kokuba bakunike i-chemotherapy enomthamo ophezulu. Emva kokuba i-chemotherapy ibulale iiseli zomhlaza, iiseli ze-stem eziphilileyo zibuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho. Emva koko zivelisa iiseli zegazi eziphilileyo.
• Ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-Allogeneic Stem: Ngamanye amaxesha, kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha umongo wethambo owonakeleyo ngomongo wethambo ophilileyo. Kwimeko enjalo, oogqirha bafumana umntu onikela ngomongo wethambo ofanelekileyo kuwe baze basebenzise iiseli zabo ukutshintsha iiseli zakho ezonakeleyo.

Ufuna ukuphinda umbone ugqirha kwakhona nini?

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi iimpawu okanye iimpawu ekufuneka uziqaphele emva konyango. Zonke iindlela zonyango lomhlaza zinokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ezinye zazo zinokuba yingozi. Ugqirha wakho uza kuchaza indlela onokuzilawula ngayo ezinye zezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ekhaya. Uza kukuxelela nokuba kufuneka wenze idinga lokulandelelana okanye ufumane unyango olungxamisekileyo.

Ngaba umhlaza wegazi unganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Ewe! Kwiimeko ezininzi, injongo yonyango lomhlaza wegazi kukunyanga isifo ngokupheleleyo. Oko kuthetha ukuba umhlaza awusekho ngokupheleleyo kwaye awuyi kubuya. Nangona ngamanye amaxesha unyango olupheleleyo lungenakwenzeka, unyango oluphambili ngoku luvumela ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wegazi ukuba zifikelele kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi- "remission." '"Remission"' kuthetha ukuba unyango luye lwanciphisa umhlaza ukuya kwinqanaba apho ungasabonakali kwaye awunakubonwa ngovavanyo. Oko kuthetha ukuba ungaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobunempilo kunye nesifo.

Zithini izinga lokusinda kumhlaza wegazi?

Amanqanaba okusinda ayahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza, kodwa uninzi lwabantu lunokulindela ukuphila ixesha elide njengomntu ongenawo umhlaza wegazi.

Khumbula, akukho mntu unokuqikelela ukuba umntu uza kuphila ixesha elingakanani. Umzekelo, ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza wegazi ziyingozi kakhulu kunezinye. Kwakhona, la manqanaba okusinda awayithatheli ingqalelo impumelelo yonyango lwamva nje. Enyanisweni, inani labantu abasinda kwi-lymphoma liphindwe kabini kwiminyaka engama-40 edlulileyo. Kwaye izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kubantu abasinda kwi-leukemia liphindwe kane kwiminyaka engama-40 edlulileyo! Abantu abaninzi bayasinda kumhlaza wegazi yonke imihla.

Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndizive ngcono?

Umhlaza wegazi kunye nonyango lwawo lunokuchaphazela impilo yakho iyonke. Nazi ezinye izinto ezinokukunceda uhlale uphilile:

• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo nokulinganayo. Umhlaza wegazi kunye nonyango lwawo lunokubangela ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya. Ukuba unengxaki yokutya, thetha nogqirha wezondlo malunga nendlela onokusifumana ngayo isondlo osifunayo.
• Hlala usebenza kangangoko unako. Ukuzilolonga kubalulekile, kodwa buza ugqirha wakho ukuba loluphi uhlobo lokuzilolonga onokulwenza ngokukhuselekileyo.
• Phumla kuqala. Mamela umzimba wakho. Phumla nanini na xa ufuna, kungekuphela nje xa uziva udiniwe.
• Zikhusele kwiintsholongwane. Buza ugqirha wakho ngeendlela zokuthintela ukugula (umz., ukuphepha iindawo ezinabantu abaninzi, ukuhlamba izandla zakho rhoqo).
• Nyamekela impilo yakho yengqondo. Ngamaxesha anzima anje, ukuthetha nogqirha wengqondo okanye ukujoyina iqela lenkxaso kunokuba ngumthombo omkhulu wamandla. Kunokukunceda ukwazi ukumelana nobomi emva komhlaza.

Ngenxa yonyango olutsha, abantu abaninzi ngoku baphila ne-leukemia kunangaphambili. Kwaye abantu abaninzi abaye bafunyaniswa ukuba bane-leukemia baphilile. Ezi ziindaba ezimnandi. Kodwa i-leukemia isesisifo esibi kakhulu. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukusebenzisa lonke uncedo kunye nezixhobo ezikhoyo kuwe. Qonda zonke iindlela zakho zonyango. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela ukuxilongwa kwakho kunye nonyango oluya kuyichaphazela ngayo ikamva lakho.

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Igama elithi umhlaza wegazi liyoyikisa. Kodwa khumbula ezi zinto:

• Ulwazi yeyona nto inamandla amakhulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nolwazi olupheleleyo ngesi sifo kunye nonyango lwaso.
• Namhlanje, kukho unyango olusebenzayo kakhulu lomhlaza wegazi. Abantu abaninzi bayachacha ngokupheleleyo okanye baphila kakuhle nesi sifo silawulwa.
• Ukuba uneempawu ezithile, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
• Xoxa ngayo yonke into ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngexesha lenkqubo yonyango.Buza yonke imibuzo yakho kunye noloyiko lwakho.
• Awuwedwa. Fumana uncedo kusapho, kubahlobo, kubasebenzi bezonyango, nakumaqela enkxaso.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kuwe. Hlala usempilweni!

Umhlaza Wegazi , I-Leukemia, I-Lymphoma, I-Myeloma, Iimpawu Zomhlaza, Unyango Lomhlaza