Ngaba unesifo seswekile? Okanye ngaba ilungu losapho okanye umhlobo wakho unengxaki yesi sifo? Ngoko ke mhlawumbi uyazi ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani ukulawula 'iswekile yegazi', oko kukuthi, inqanaba leswekile egazini. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba sizama kangakanani na, linokungalawuleki. Ngoko ke, kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene xa oko kusenzeka? Ngaba le yinto enokuthatyathwa lula? Makhe sithethe ngale ngongoma ibaluleke kakhulu namhlanje.
Kuthetha ukuthini oku kulahlekelwa kulawulo lweswekile egazini?
Ngamafutshane, oku kuthetha ukuba amanqanaba eglucose egazini lakho aphezulu kakhulu okanye aphantsi kakhulu, nto leyo eyingozi.
Cinga nje, iiseli emzimbeni wethu zifuna amandla ukuze zisebenze. Eyona nto iphambili kula mandla yiglucose, eyiswekile. Sifumana le glucose ekutyeni esikutyayo, ingakumbi ukutya okuqulethe iicarbohydrate (istatshi). Xa sisitya, umzimba wethu uvelisa ihomoni ebizwa ngokuba yi-insulin . Le insulin isebenza njengesitshixo esivula ucango lokuba iglucose ingene kwiiseli.
Umntu onesifo seswekile unengxaki ngale nkqubo. Kumntu onesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1, umzimba awuvelisi i-insulin eyaneleyo. Kumntu onesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini, umzimba uvelisa i-insulin, kodwa iiseli aziphenduli kakuhle kuyo. Ngenxa yezi zizathu zombini, iswekile iyaqokelelana egazini kwaye amanqanaba ayo ayanda.
Amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini angalawulekiyo ixesha elide anokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu kakhulu. Le yinto ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ngabantu abanesifo seswekile nabangenaso.
Ngawaphi amanqanaba eswekile egazini anokuba yingozi?
Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ngqo ukuba ingakanani iswekile egazini esempilweni kuwe, kodwa ngokubanzi, masiqaphele amanqanaba anokuba yingozi kumntu onesifo seswekile.
| Imeko | Inqanaba leswekile egazini (mg/dL) | Inkcazo |
|---|---|---|
| Iswekile ephezulu egazini (iHyperglycemia) | Ngaphezulu kwe-180 mg/dL (iiyure ezi-2 emva kokutya) | Eli linqanaba ekufuneka lixhalatyelwe. Okukhona liphezulu, kokukhona ingozi iba nkulu. |
| Iswekile ephantsi egazini (iHypoglycemia) | Ngaphantsi kwe-70 mg/dL | Eli linqanaba elifanele liqwalaselwe. |
| Inqanaba eliphezulu lengozi (eliphezulu) | Ngaphezulu kwe-600 mg/dL | Le yimeko enokuba yingozi ebomini efuna unyango olungxamisekileyo. |
| Inqanaba eliphezulu lengozi (eliphantsi) | Ngaphantsi kwe-40 mg/dL | Oku kungabeka ubomi esichengeni kwaye kufuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. |
Kuvakala njani xa iswekile egazini iphezulu (iHyperglycemia)?
Usenokungawuboni umahluko omkhulu xa iswekile yakho egazini iphezulu. Kungathatha iintsuku okanye iiveki ukuba iimpawu zibonakale. Iimpawu eziphambili zezi:
- Ndiziva ndinxaniwe ngaphezu kwesiqhelo
- Umbono ofipheleyo
- Ukudinga rhoqo ukuchama
- Ndiziva ndilambile kakhulu kunesiqhelo
- Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu
- Ukuvela rhoqo kwezifo zolusu
- Amanxeba athatha ixesha ukuphola.
Injani iswekile ephantsi egazini (hypoglycemia)?
Ukuba uthatha i-insulin okanye amanye amayeza okwehlisa iswekile, usengozini yokuba neswekile ephantsi egazini. Izizathu eziphambili zoku zizinto ezifana nokuzilolonga, ukungatyi ngexesha, kunye nokusela utywala. Le meko inokwenzeka nakubantu abangenaso isifo seswekile. Iimpawu ziquka:
- Ukuziva ngathi umzimba wakho uyangcangcazela
- Ubumhlophe , ukubila
- Ixhala , ukuphelelwa lithemba
- Ndiziva ndilambile kakhulu
- Ukudinwa okugqithisileyo
- Ukuziva unesizungu , ujikeleza, okanye ujikeleza
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo
Ngamaxesha anje, ukusela into eneswekile encinci (isiselo seziqhamo, isiselo esimnandi) okanye ukuthatha ipilisi yeglucose kunokubonelela ngesiqabu.
Iingxaki ezenzekayo ukuba iswekile egazini ayilawulwa ixesha elide
Asingomdlalo lo. Ukuba namanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini ixesha elide kunokukuchaphazela ukusuka entloko ukuya ezinzwaneni.
- Isifo sentliziyo/uhlaselo: Ukonakala kwemithambo yegazi kwandisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
- Istroke: Ukonakala kwemithambo yegazi ekhokelela ebuchotsheni kunokubangela ukukhubazeka.
- Ukonakala kwezintso: Ekuhambeni kwexesha, izintso zinokungasebenzi kakuhle.
- Ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo: Oku kunokubangela ukuba amalungu omzimba angabi namvakalelo, iintlungu, kunye nokulahlekelwa zimvakalelo.
- Ukonakala Kwamehlo: Ukubona kusenokungacaci kwaye nokuba yimfama kunokubakho.
- Iingxaki Zesikhumba: Kunokubakho izifo zesikhumba kunye namanxeba angapholiyo.
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha ngoko nangoko?
Amanqanaba aphezulu nesezantsi eswekile egazini ziimeko ezingxamisekileyo zonyango. Ukuba anganyangwa ngokukhawuleza, anokubangela ukuphelelwa zingqondo (i-diabetic coma). Ukuba umazi umntu onesifo seswekile ongaphazamiyo, mse kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele (ETU) ngokukhawuleza.
Qaphela ngakumbi ezi meko zimbini zilandelayo ezingxamisekileyo.
| Imeko engxamisekileyo | Inkcazo kunye neempawu |
|---|---|
| I-Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) | Xa i-insulin ingekho ngokwaneleyo, iiseli azikwazi ukusebenzisa iswekile. Umzimba emva koko utshisa amafutha ukuze ufumane amandla. Oku kuvelisa iikhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuba zii-ketones . Ezi ziyaqokelelana egazini, zenze igazi libe ne-asidi kwaye zinokubeka ubomi esichengeni. Iimpawu: Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuhlanza, ukudinwa kakhulu, ivumba elibi lomlomo, ulusu olomileyo, ukoma kakhulu. |
| Isifo seHyperosmolar Hyperglycemic (HHS) | Apha, inqanaba leswekile egazini linyuka ngaphezu kwe -600 mg/dL . Oku kuyingozi kakhulu. Iimpawu:Unxano olugqithisileyo (olunokuthi luphele kamva), umkhuhlane, ukozela, ukudideka, ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba, ukulahleka kombono, ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo. |
| Wenza ntoni ngamaxesha anje? | |
Ukuba inqanaba leswekile egazini lakho lingaphezulu kwe-240 mg/dL, sebenzisa umcu wovavanyo lwe-urine ketone. Ukuba inqanaba liphakathi okanye liphezulu, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba uneempawu ze-DKA okanye ze-HHS, yiya kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) ngaphandle kokuthandabuza. | |
Zingaphetshwa njani ezi meko ziyingozi?
Le asinto onokuyenza wedwa. Yinto ekufuneka niyenze, wena, usapho lwakho, kunye nogqirha wakho kunye.
- Sebenza ngokusondeleyo nogqirha wakho: Babuze ngqo ukuba zithini iinjongo zakho zeswekile egazini, into omawuyenze ukuba iphantsi kakhulu, kunye nento omawuyenze ukuba uyagula. Landela imiyalelo yabo ngqo.
- Jonga amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho rhoqo: Jonga amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho amaxesha amaninzi ngemini njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuxelela. Ngeteknoloji entsha ekhoyo namhlanje, kukho nezixhobo ezilinganisa amanqanaba eswekile egazini rhoqo (iiContinuous Glucose Monitors).
- Sebenzisa amayeza akho kanye njengoko kuyalelwe: Sela i-insulin okanye amanye amayeza ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ngedosi efanelekileyo. Ukutsiba okanye ukuthatha amayeza amaninzi kakhulu yimbangela yeemeko ezingxamisekileyo ezininzi.
- Funda ngomzimba wakho: Qonda indlela izinto ezinje ngokutya okutyayo, umthambo owenzayo, kunye noxinzelelo ezichaphazela ngayo amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho. Emva koko ungahlengahlengisa ngokufanelekileyo.
- Lumka kwindlela otya ngayo: Yazi ukuba zeziphi ukutya ezinyusa iswekile egazini kwaye zeziphi ukutya ezilawula iswekile egazini (umz., ukutya okunefayibha eninzi). Ukutya ngexesha nako kubaluleke kakhulu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Amanqanaba eswekile egazini aphezulu (i-hyperglycemia) kunye nasezantsi (i-hypoglycemia) ayingozi kakhulu.
- Amanqanaba eswekile egazini angalawulekiyo ngokuhamba kwexesha anokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu ezifana nesifo sentliziyo, isifo sezintso, isifo sohlangothi, umonakalo wemithambo-luvo, kunye nokungaboni.
- Hlala uqaphela iimpawu ezilumkisayo zokuba neswekile ephezulu nesezantsi egazini (ezifana nokunxanwa, ukungcangcazela, ukubona izinto ezingaqondakaliyo).
- Kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo ezifana ne-DKA kunye ne-HHS, kubalulekile ukuya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Lawula isifo sakho seswekile kakuhle. Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho, uvavanye iswekile yakho rhoqo, usele amayeza akho njengoko kuyalelwe, kwaye ulandele indlela yokuphila esempilweni.
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