Ngaba umama wakho, utata, umakhulu, okanye umakhulu wakho ekhaya bayalibala izinto ngakumbi? Ngaba ngequbuliso uyalibala into obuyithetha? Mhlawumbi nawe ngokwakho ufumana kunzima ukukhumbula iziganeko zakutshanje? Usenokuba uzibuza ukuba le yinto eqhelekileyo yokwaluphala, okanye sisifo esifanele sisoyike. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngesifo sika-Alzheimer, esikukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo okuqhubekayo okukhathaza abantu abaninzi.
Ndingaqiniseka njani ukuba ndinesifo sika-Alzheimer?
Ukuba unesikrokro sokuba wena okanye umntu osapho lwakho uneempawu zesifo sika-Alzheimer, eyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Kuba iimpawu ezifana nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo azifani nesifo sika-Alzheimer. Ezi mpawu zinokubangelwa zezinye iimeko zonyango kunye nezizathu.
Cinga ngezi zizathu zilandelayo zokuba unokuba neengxaki zokukhumbula:
- Usulelo emzimbeni: Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yibhaktiriya okanye iintsholongwane, ingakumbi izifo ezibangelwa yimichamo, zinokubangela ukudideka kwengqondo kunye neengxaki zokukhumbula kubantu abadala.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza: Xa kusetyenziswa amayeza amaninzi angahambelaniyo ngaxeshanye, anokusabelana aze abangele iimpawu ezifana nezi.
- Ukubetheka okuncinci: Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi emincinci kakhulu ehambisa igazi engqondweni nako kunokuchaphazela inkumbulo.
- Uxinzelelo: Uxinzelelo lunokubangela ukuba ingqalelo yomntu kunye nenkumbulo yakhe ibe buthathaka kakhulu.
- Iswekile ephantsi egazini: Ukuba amanqanaba eswekile egazini ehla ngequbuliso kubantu abanesifo seswekile okanye abanye, oko kunokubangela iingxaki zexeshana zokukhumbula kunye nokudideka.
- Iingxaki ze-thyroid: Utshintsho kumanqanaba e-thyroid hormone lunokuchaphazela ukusebenza komzimba kunye nenkumbulo.
- Ezinye izifo zemithambo-luvo ezifana neethumba zobuchopho okanye isifo sikaParkinson .
Ngoko ke, ungoyiki ukuthi, "Ndinesifo se-Alzheimer" kwangoko nje xa uziva ngathi inkumbulo yakho ayisebenzi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha kuqala uze ufumane ukuba yintoni unobangela wokwenene.
Ugqirha uza kuqala ahlole impilo yakho yomzimba. Emva koko, uza kukubuza imibuzo embalwa ukuze ahlole impilo yakho yengqondo, kuquka inkumbulo yakho, intetho, izakhono zokusombulula iingxaki, izakhono zokucinga, kunye neemvakalelo zakho. Baza kubuza nosapho lwakho malunga naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela oziphatha ngayo.
Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuqinisekisa ngokuchanekileyo isifo?
Emva kovavanyo oluqhelekileyo, oogqirha bayalela ukuba kwenziwe ii-brain scans ukuqinisekisa ukuba isifo se-Alzheimer okanye ezi mpawu zibangelwa yenye into.
| Igama lovavanyo | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Iskeni se-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) | Oku kufana nokuthatha umfanekiso wobuchopho ocacileyo. Isebenzisa iimagnethi ezinamandla kunye namaza erediyo ukubona ngokucacileyo ulwakhiwo lobuchopho. Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iimpawu zakho zibangelwa yinto ethile, efana nomhlaza wobuchopho okanye istroke. |
| Iskeni sePET (Positron Emission Tomography) | Olu luvavanyo olukhethekileyo. Olu vavanyo lunokubona ngokuthe ngqo ubukho beeplaque, iproteni eyingozi ebizwa ngokuba yi-beta-amyloid, eziqokelelana ebuchotsheni babantu abane-Alzheimer's. Nangona kunjalo, olu vavanyo lubiza kakhulu. |
| Uvavanyo lwegazi | Ngoku, ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji, kuye kwavela uvavanyo olutsha lwegazi. Olu vavanyo lunokujonga amanqanaba eeproteni ezithile (umz. i-beta-amyloid, i-APOE) egazini kwaye lunike umbono wokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho ezo ntsalela ziyingozi engqondweni. |
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zesifo sika-Alzheimer?
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba akukho nyango lwesifo i-Alzheimer's. Nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi ukuba unyango alusebenzi. Kukho amayeza amaninzi asebenzayo kunye nonyango olufumanekayo namhlanje olunokunceda ukucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo, ukulawula iimpawu, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi besigulana.
Ezinye zeentlobo eziphambili zamayeza asetyenziswayo zidweliswe kwitheyibhile engasezantsi:
| Udidi lweziyobisi / igama | Ukusebenza kunye nemeko yokusetyenziswa |
|---|---|
| ILecanemab, iDonanemab | La ngamayeza asandul’ ukungeniswa e-monoclonal antibody. Ajolise kwiiproteni ze-beta-amyloid ezifakwa ngqo engqondweni. Zilungele kakhulu abantu abakwinqanaba lokuqala lesi sifo. Zinokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nokudumba kwengqondo okanye ukopha kancinci. |
| I-Donepezil, i-Rivastigmine, i-Galantamine | La mayeza anyusa amanqanaba ekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-acetylcholine, enceda iiseli zemithambo-luvo ebuchosheni ukuba zinxibelelane. Anceda ekulawuleni izinga apho iimpawu ziba mandundu khona kwisigaba sokuqala nesesibini sesifo. |
| I-Memantine | Iiseli zobuchopho ezonakeleyo sisifo sika-Alzheimer zivelisa ikhemikhali egqithisileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-glutamate. Eli yeza lisebenza ngokuthintela umonakalo obangelwa yi-glutamate egqithisileyo kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo. Oku kunceda ukulawula ukuqhubela phambili ngokukhawuleza kweempawu kwizigaba eziphakathi ukuya kwezinzima zesifo . |
| I-Memantine-Donepezil (indibaniselwano) | Le yindibaniselwano yala mayeza mabini akhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla. Isetyenziswa kwi-Alzheimer's ephakathi ukuya kwenzima . |
Unyango olulawula ezinye iimpawu ezihamba nesi sifo
Isifo sika-Alzheimer asikuko nje ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo. Njengoko esi sifo siqhubeka, sinokubangela utshintsho kwindlela esiziphatha ngayo nangokwengqondo. Oogqirha banika amayeza ahlukeneyo ukunceda ukulawula ezi mpawu.
- Ukurhanela, ukudideka, kunye nokuziphatha okurhabaxa: Abanye abaguli banokuba nexhala kunye nokubona izinto ezingekhoyo. Amayeza okulwa nesifo sengqondo afana ne-haloperidol kunye ne-risperidone asetyenziselwa ukulawula ezi mpawu.
- Ukudakumba kunye noxinzelelo:Ukudakumba kuqhelekile kwesi sifo. Amayeza afana neFluoxetine kunye neSertraline asetyenziswa ukunyanga esi sifo.
- Ukungalali: Ukungakwazi ukulala ebusuku yingxaki eqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ugqirha uya kukunika ipilisi yokulala efanelekileyo.
- Ukungazoli Nokuxhalaba: Izigulana ezihlala zingazoli kwaye ziphazamisekile zinikwa amayeza okulwa nokuxhalaba afana neLorazepam.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ungaze usebenzise naliphi na iyeza elikhankanyiweyo apha ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha kunye nolawulo. Kubalulekile ukuthatha onke la mayeza ngedosi echanekileyo nangexesha elifanelekileyo. Ukuba asetyenziswa gwenxa, anokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziyingozi.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo uneempawu zokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, musa ukuyithatha njengento eqhelekileyo yokwaluphala. Qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha ukuze akunike icebiso.
- Iimpawu ezifana ne-Alzheimer's zinokubangelwa zizifo ezininzi ezinokunyangeka lula, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukufumana uxilongo oluchanekileyo.
- Nangona isifo sika-Alzheimer singenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango ezisebenzayo ezikhoyo namhlanje zokulawula ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo, ukunciphisa iimpawu, nokwenza ubomi bube lula.
- Musa ukuqala, ukutshintsha idosi, okanye ukuyeka ukuthatha naliphi na iyeza ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha. Lumka ngakumbi ngamayeza eempawu zengqondo.
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