Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva udiniwe kakhulu ngaphandle kwesizathu, uzive unesizungu nangona sele uhamba okwethutyana, kwaye uzive uphaphathekile? Ezi mpawu zisenokungabi kukudinwa nje kuphela. Ezi mpawu zisenokuba luphawu lwemeko yezonyango engaphakathi emzimbeni wethu. Oko yi-anemia, okanye njengoko sonke sisazi, 'i-anemia'. Nangona le yimeko eqhelekileyo kakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyiqonda. Ngoko masithethe ngayo namhlanje.
Ndingaqiniseka njani ukuba ndine-anemia?
Ukuba ucinga ukuba uneempawu ze-anemia, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha. Ugqirha uza kukubuza imibuzo embalwa.
- Chaza iinkcukacha zeempawu zakho: ukudinwa, ukuphefumla kancinci, intloko ebuhlungu, ukuphaphatheka, njl.
- Imbali yakho yezonyango: Izinto ezifana nezinye izifo onazo, amayeza owasebenzisayo, kunye nokuba uyasela utywala na.
- Imbali yezonyango yosapho: Ngaba kukho umntu kusapho one-anemia okanye ezinye izifo ezinxulumene negazi?
- Ukutya: Oko udla ngokutya nokusela, ukuba utya inyama engakanani, intlanzi, kunye nemifuno, njl.
Emva kokuva olu lwazi, ugqirha uza kukuhlola aze emva koko acele uvavanyo lwegazi oluninzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo.
I-anemia yimeko apho inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi egazini lincipha okanye inani le-hemoglobin, iproteni ekwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ethwala ioksijini.
Ngamafutshane, kukho izizathu ezintathu eziphambili ze-anemia.
1. Ngenxa yokopha: Ukuba kukho ukopha okuvela naphi na emzimbeni (umz. ukuya exesheni kakhulu, ukwenzakala kwamathumbu).
2. Ukwehla kokuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi: Xa umzimba ungenazo izondlo ezibalulekileyo (i-iron, i-vitamin B12), ngenxa yengxaki yomongo wethambo.
3. Ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi: Ukuqhekeka ngokukhawuleza kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi emzimbeni.
Uvavanyo lwegazi lwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela ochanekileyo.
| Uhlobo lovavanyo lwegazi | Ubona ntoni kule nto? |
|---|---|
| Inani elipheleleyo legazi (i-CBC) | Inani kunye nobukhulu beeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets egazini, kunye nenqanaba le-hemoglobin, kuyajongwa. Olu lolona vavanyo lusisiseko. |
| Amanqanaba eSerum Ferritin kunye ne-Iron | Le yeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yokubonisa ubungakanani besinyithi esigciniweyo emzimbeni. |
| Amanqanaba eVithamini B12 kunye neFolate | Sijonga ukungabikho kweevithamini kwezi zimbini, ezibalulekileyo ekwenzeni iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. |
| Ezinye iimvavanyo ezikhethekileyo | Uvavanyo olufana nenani le-reticulocyte kunye ne-bilirubin lunokumisela izinga lokuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye nokuba ziyatshatyalaliswa na (i-hemolytic anemia). |
Uninzi lwexesha, olu vavanyo lwegazi lunokufumanisa unobangela. Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba kufuneke isampuli yomongo wethambo ukuze kuvavanywe. Ngoko ke musa ukoyika loo nto.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-anemia?
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba unyango lungaqalwa de kufunyanwe unobangela we-anemia. Kuba iyeza elinikwe uhlobo oluthile lwe-anemia lisenokungasebenzi kolunye uhlobo, kwaye linokuba yingozi. Ngoko ke, kuphephe ukuzinyanga.
I-anemia ebangelwa kukopha kwegazi
Ukuba kukho ukulahleka kwegazi ngequbuliso, okukhulu (umz., ingozi), ungenza i-saline, utofelo-gazi, ioksijini, kunye neepilisi zesinyithi. Kodwa ukuba kukho ukopha okuncinci okuhlala ixesha elide (umz., izilonda zamathumbu, ii-hemorrhoids), into yokuqala ekufuneka yenziwe kukufumana umthombo wokopha uze uyeke. Oku kunokubandakanya uvavanyo olufana ne-colonoscopy. Emva koko, ukungabikho kwesinyithi kuyanyangwa.
I-anemia ebangelwa kukuncipha kwemveliso yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi
Le yinxalenye ekufuneka ixoxwe ngayo ngokweenkcukacha.
I-Anemia yokuNqanda i-Iron
Olu lolona hlobo lwe-anemia luxhaphakileyo ehlabathini. Xa umzimba ungenayo i-iron eyaneleyo, awukwazi ukwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Le meko inokwenzeka kubasetyhini abasebatsha ngenxa yokuya exesheni kakhulu.
Ukuba uthatha izongezo zesinyithi, qiniseka ukuba uyazikhumbula ezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Ungaze uthathe iipilisi ze-iron ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha. Ukugcwala kwe-iron kuyingozi kakhulu. Kunokubangela ukudinwa, ukuhlanza, urhudo, isifo sentliziyo kunye neengxaki zamalungu.
- Gcina iipilisi zesinyithi kude nabantwana abancinci. Ukuba abantwana abancinci baginya iipilisi zesinyithi ngempazamo, zinokubulala. Yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ezibangela ubuthi ngengozi ebantwaneni. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntwana uginye iipilisi zesinyithi, yiya kwiSebe leNgxamiseko elikufutshane (ETU).Yiphathe nawe. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, fowunela iZiko loLwazi ngeTyhefu leSizwe kwiSibhedlele sikaZwelonke saseColombo ukuze ufumane ingcebiso.
- Lumka ngeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Usenokuba neengxaki zesisu, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokuqhina. Ungathatha ipilisi kunye nokutya ukunciphisa ezi ziphumo. Ukuba uyaqhubeka nokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, xelela ugqirha wakho.
- Ukusebenzisana namanye amayeza. Ukuba usela amayeza esifo esithile (umz. iipilisi zekhalsiyam), xelela ugqirha wakho . Ikhalsiyam inokunciphisa amandla omzimba okufunxa isinyithi.
- Ukusela iipilisi zesinyithi ezinevithamini C (umz. iglasi yejusi yeorenji) kwandisa ukufunxwa kwesinyithi emzimbeni.
Kukwalungile kakhulu ukutya ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-iron (inyama ebomvu, iimbotyi, iimbotyi, amaqanda, ispinatshi, ukutya kwaselwandle).
I-anemia ebangelwa yi-vitamin B12 kunye nokunqongophala kwe-folate
Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu sengxaki. Amaxesha amaninzi, kunikwa iinaliti zevithamini B12 okanye iipilisi ezinedosi ephezulu. Abanye abantu kufuneka bathathe ezi naliti okanye iipilisi ubomi babo bonke. Ukutya okufana nenyama, intlanzi, ubisi, itshizi, namaqanda kutyebile kwivithamini B12.
Iipilisi ze-folic acid zinikwa abantu abaswele i-folate. I-folate ifumaneka kakhulu kwimifuno eluhlaza, iziqhamo, kunye nokutya kobisi.
I-Hemolytic anemia (i-anemia ebangelwa kukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi)
Le meko inyangwa ngokunyanga unobangela oyintloko. Ngamanye amaxesha akukho nyango lufunekayo. Ukuba unobangela yikhemikhali, kufuneka uyekwe ukuvezwa kuyo. Abanye abantu banokufuna ukuthatha ii-steroids, i-plasmapheresis, okanye, ngokungaqhelekanga, i-splenectomy.
Ngaba i-anemia ingathintelwa?
Ewe, kwiimeko ezininzi, iimeko ezifana ne-anemia yokungabikho kwesinyithi zinokuthintelwa ngokugcina ukutya okunempilo.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo. Faka ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-iron, i-vitamin B12, kunye ne-folate ekutyeni kwakho.
- Ukuba ungumntu otya imifuno/ongatyi vegan, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha okanye ingcali yesondlo kwaye uthathe izongezo zesondlo ukuba kuyimfuneko.
- Nciphisa indlela otya ngayo iti nekofu. Ukuzitya xa usitya kunciphisa ukufunxwa kwe-iron emzimbeni.
- Khetha iinkozo kunye nesonka eziqiniswe ngentsimbi.
- Ukuba usebenza ngezinto ezinelothe (umz. iibhetri, ipeyinti), landela iinkqubo zokhuseleko ngokuchanekileyo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-anemia, kufuneka ubonane nogqirha, ufumane uxilongo oluchanekileyo, kwaye ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo, endaweni yokuqikelela nje uze uye kuzinyangela.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iimpawu ezifana nokudinwa rhoqo, ukuphaphatheka, kunye nobuthathaka zinokuba ziimpawu ze-anemia. Musa ukuzityeshela nje ezi.
- Ngugqirha kuphela onokukuxelela ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwe-anemia onayo. Uvavanyo lwegazi lubalulekile kuloo nto.
- Ungaze uthathe iipilisi zesinyithi okanye ezinye iivithamini ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha. Kunokuba yingozi.
- Unyango lwe-anemia luxhomekeke kwimeko ebangela oko, ngoko ke ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Ukutya okunesondlo okutyebileyo kwi-iron, i-vitamin B12, kunye ne-folate kunokuthintela iingxaki ezininzi ze-anemia.
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