Singamnceda njani umntu onesifo seswekile ukuba unengxamiseko? (Ingxamiseko yesifo seswekile)

Ngaba unelungu losapho okanye umhlobo onesifo seswekile? Ngaba wakha weva ngemeko engxamisekileyo apho inqanaba leswekile egazini lomntu liyehla ngequbuliso okanye linyuke kakhulu? Basenokungakwazi ukuzinyamekela ngeli xesha. Ungamnceda ukusindisa ubomi bakhe. Ngoko ke, ukuba umntu omaziyo unesifo seswekile, kubalulekile ukuthetha naye ngento anokuyenza xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo.

Yintoni imeko engxamisekileyo yesifo seswekile?

Ngamafutshane, imeko engxamisekileyo yesifo seswekile kuxa umntu onesifo seswekile enezinga leswekile egazini eliphantsi okanye eliphezulu kakhulu. Oku kunokubangela iimpawu ezinzima kwaye kube yingozi ebomini. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zezi meko.

Utshintsho olukhulu kangaka kumanqanaba eswekile egazini lunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwindlela esebenza ngayo imizimba yethu, ngoko ke lufuna uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.

Ingxamiseko ebangelwa kukwehla kweswekile egazini - "Umothuko we-insulin"

Le yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-hypoglycemia enzima. Oku kwenzeka xa amanqanaba eswekile egazini ehla aye kwinqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu, ngesiqhelo lingaphantsi kwe-60 mg/dL. Nangona ibizwa ngokuba yi-"insulin shock," oku akunakwenzeka kuphela kubantu abasebenzisa i-insulin, kodwa nakubantu abasebenzisa amayeza athile esifo seswekile (umz., i-sulfonylureas).

Kutheni le nto ingxamisekileyo?

Cinga nje, ingqondo yethu ifuna iglucose (iswekile) ukuze isebenze. Xa amanqanaba eswekile ehla kakhulu, asikwazi ukucinga kakuhle kwaye singaphelelwa lithemba. Oko kuthetha ukuba asinakuyinyanga le meko sodwa. Ukuba asinamntu wokusinceda, inokukhokelela ekufeni.

Izizathu zokuba neswekile ephantsi

• Ukutsiba isidlo.
• Ukuzilolonga ngaphezu kwesiqhelo.
• Ukusela utywala ngaphandle kokutya.
• Ukuthatha i-insulin eninzi kakhulu, ukusebenzisa uhlobo olungalunganga, okanye ukuyijova ngendlela engafanelekanga.
• Ukusela amayeza eswekile ngendlela engafanelekanga.

Iimpawu zeswekile ephantsi

Iimpawu zingabandakanya ukungcangcazela nokuziva ulambile ekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ayinyangwa, imeko inokuba mandundu ize ikhokelele kwezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Ukudideka.
• Umbono ofipheleyo.
• Ubuthathaka obukhulu.
• Ukuxhuzula.
• Ukuqubha.
• I-Coma.

Ungamnceda njani umntu oneswekile ephantsi egazini?

Ukuba umntu unezi mpawu, mxelele ukuba ajonge amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakhe. Okulandelayo, mncede alandele "umthetho we-15/15."

1. Nika iigram ezili-15 zeekhabhohayidrethi ezicoleka ngokukhawuleza:

• Iipilisi zeglucose ezi-3-4.
• Iimililitha ezili-120 (malunga nesiqingatha sekomityi) yejusi yeziqhamo okanye isiselo esineswekile (isoda eqhelekileyo).
• Icephe lobusi okanye iswekile.

2. Linda imizuzu eli-15: Emva koko jonga iswekile yakho egazini kwakhona. Ukuba isesezantsi, nika enye i-15-gram carbohydrate.

Iimeko ezingxamisekileyo ezibangelwa yiswekile ephezulu egazini

Ukunyuka okungalawulekiyo kwamanqanaba eswekile egazini kunokukhokelela kwiingxakeko ezimbini ezinzulu.

1. I-Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Xa i-insulin ingekho ngokwaneleyo ukusebenzisa i-glucose (iswekile) ukuze ibe namandla, imizimba yethu iqala ukutshisa amafutha ukuze ibe namandla. Le nkqubo ivelisa iikhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuba zii-ketones . Xa ezi ketones ziqokelelana egazini, igazi liba ne-asidi kwaye linokuba yityhefu emzimbeni. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-DKA. Le yingxaki edla ngokuvela kubantu abanesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1, kodwa inokwenzeka nakubantu abanesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini kunye nesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa.

Kutheni i-DKA ingxamisekile?

Le yimeko esongela ubomi, kwaye i-DKA yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukufa, ingakumbi kubantwana abanesifo seswekile.

Izizathu ze-DKA:

• Iingxaki ze-insulin: ukungabikho kweedosi ze-insulin, ukusebenzisa i-insulin ephelelwe lixesha, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwepompo ye-insulin.
• Isifo: Ezinye izifo kunye neemeko zonyango zinokubangela i-DKA.
• Uxinzelelo: Uxinzelelo olukhulu lwengqondo, iimeko ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
• Amanye amayeza.

Unokunceda njani xa une-DKA?

Ukuba umntu uneempawu zakuqala, mcele ukuba ahlole amanqanaba e-ketone yomchamo wakhe nge-"ketone test kit." Ukuba amanqanaba e-ketone aphezulu, kufuneka atsalele umnxeba ugqirha wakhe ngoko nangoko. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uneempawu ezinzulu, kufuneka asiwe kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele (ETU) ngoko nangoko.

2. I-Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS)

Oku kwenzeka xa amanqanaba eswekile egazini enyuka ngaphezu kwe-600 mg/dL aze ahlale kuloo nqanaba kangangeentsuku okanye iiveki. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuphelelweni ngamanzi emzimbeni kakhulu kwaye kube yingozi ebomini.

• I-HHS ixhaphakile kubantu abanesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini.
• Ayiphuhli ngokukhawuleza njenge-DKA, iphuhla kancinci kancinci kwiintsuku ezimbalwa.
• Kwi-HHS, ii-ketone aziqokeleleki egazini njengakwi-DKA.

Izizathu ze-HHS:

• Isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini esingalawulwa kakuhle.
• Izifo ezifana ne-pneumonia kunye nezifo zomchamo.
• Iimeko ezinje ngokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo.
• Amanye amayeza.

Iimpawu ze-HHS:

Iimpawu zingabandakanya umlomo owomileyo, ukoma kakhulu, ukuchama rhoqo, umkhuhlane, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, ukudideka, utshintsho kwintetho, ubuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba, kunye nokulahlekelwa zingqondo.

I-HHS inokunceda njani kule meko?

Fowunela ugqirha wabo ngoko nangoko. Emva koko bayise kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngokukhawuleza.

I-Coma yesifo seswekile

Olu lolona hlobo lunzima kakhulu lwengxakeko yesifo seswekile. Imeko yokungazi nto ixesha elide ebangelwa ngamanqanaba eswekile egazini aphezulu kakhulu (ngenxa ye-DKA okanye i-HHS) okanye aphantsi kakhulu (ngenxa ye-hypoglycemia enzima) kwaye anganyangwa. Umntu okwi-coma akayi kusabela kwintetho okanye ekuchukunyisweni.

Ungamnceda njani umntu onesifo seswekile?

Ukuba umntu onesifo seswekile akazi nto kwaye akaphenduli kakuhle, isenokuba yi-diabetic coma.

• Fowunela u-1990 okanye inombolo yenkonzo yongxamiseko ngoko nangoko.
• Landela imiyalelo enikwe ngumsebenzisi wefowuni.
• Musa ukufaka nantoni na emlonyeni wakho (ijusi, amanzi aneswekile) ucinga ukuba iswekile yakho isenokuba incinci. Oku kunokubangela ukukrwitshwa.
• Ukuba umntu uyahlanza, mjike ngecala ukuze angakrwitshwa.

Ikhithi yoNgxamiseko yeSifo seswekile

Ukulungela imeko kaxakeka kunokusindisa ubomi bakho okanye ubomi bomntu omthandayo. Gcina ezi zinto zikufutshane, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba wonke umntu ekhayeni lakho uyazi apho zikhoyo.

• I-insulin: Ukuba usebenzisa i-insulin, soloko ugcina isixa esitsha esingaphelelwanga lixesha.
• Izinto onokuzinika xa iswekile iphantsi: ijusi yeziqhamo, iziselo ezineswekile, okanye iipilisi zeglucose.
• Isixhobo seGlucagon: Ukunyusa amanqanaba eswekile egazini ukuba ulahlekelwa zingqondo. Ukuba unyamekela umntu onesifo seswekile, yazi indlela yokusebenzisa esi sixhobo.
• Isixhobo sovavanyo lweKetone: Ukuvavanya ukuba kukho i-DKA ekrokrelwayo.
• Isongo sesilumkiso sezonyango: Oku kunceda ekuchongeni ukuba unesifo seswekile xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo.
• Ulwazi olupheleleyo malunga namayeza owasebenzisayo: Kukho nee-"apps" zefowuni zale nto ngoku.