Yintoni iWernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome? Makhe sithethe ngayo!

Ngaba wakha weva ngemeko engaqhelekanga echaphazela ingqondo kunye nenkumbulo? Ngamanye amaxesha, asiqondi nokuba xa umzimba wethu ungenazo iivithamini ezithile, ingakumbi i-vitamin B1 ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Thiamine", ingqondo yethu inokonakala kakhulu. Enye yezi meko zinzima yi- "Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome" ("WKS") . Le yimeko efuna unyango olungxamisekileyo. Ngaba singathetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda?

Yintoni kanye kanye iWernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (`WKS`)?

Ngamafutshane, esi sisifo esichaphazela ingqondo yethu kunye nenkumbulo. Isizathu esiphambili soku kukuba imizimba yethu ine -'Thiamine' ('Thiamine') okanye i-vitamin B1 enciphileyo kakhulu. Cinga ngayo, imizimba yethu ifana nesithuthi. Injini yesi sithuthi yingqondo. Injini ifuna ipetroli ukuze isebenze. Ngokufanayo, i-vitamin ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Thiamine' ('Thiamine') ibalulekile ukuze ingqondo yethu kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo isebenze. Le vithamini yiyo eguqula ukutya esikutyayo kube ngamandla. Ngoko ke xa le 'Thiamine' ('Thiamine') inciphile, ingqondo ayifumani amandla ewadingayo, kwaye emva koko iiseli zengqondo ziqala ukonakala.

Kukho amanqanaba amabini aphambili kule `WKS`:

1. I-Wernicke encephalopathy: Le yingozi yokuqala, ekhawulezileyo, neqatha engqondweni. Ifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.

2. I-Korsakoff syndrome: Le yimeko yexesha elide echaphazela kakhulu inkumbulo.

Ithiywe ngegama lengcali yezifo zengqondo yaseJamani uCarl Wernicke kunye nengcali yezifo zengqondo yaseRashiya uSergei Korsakoff, abaqala ukuqaphela le meko.

Yintoni ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-'Wernicke's encephalopathy' kunye ne-'Korsakoff syndrome'?

Ezi zimbini zihlobene. Ngokuchanekileyo, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Wernicke encephalopathy", ukuba ayinyangwa ngexesha, yiyo ekhula kancinci kancinci ibe yingxaki enkulu yokukhumbula ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Korsakoff syndrome".

Kukho iimpawu ezintathu eziphambili ze-Wernicke encephalopathy:

• Ukudideka: Ukulahlekelwa zingqondo, ukulahleka kwendawo nexesha.
• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi kunye nokungakwazi ukulawula iintshukumo (`Ataxia`): Ukuhamba kuya kuba nzima kwaye amalungu omzimba aba nzima ukuwalawula.
• Utshintsho lombono kunye neengxaki zamehlo: Iintshukumo zamehlo ezingaqhelekanga, ezifana nokubona kabini.

Ukongeza koku, ngamanye amaxesha nezihlunu zinokuba buthathaka.

Ukuba ezi mpawu ziqhubeka ixesha elide, kwenzeka umonakalo osisigxina engqondweni nakwiiseli zemithambo-luvo. Kulapho kwenzeka khona ukulahleka okukhulu kwenkumbulo kwaye iinkumbulo ezintsha azinakukhunjulwa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-``Korsakoff syndrome``.

I-Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS) yimeko enokuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye inokuba yingozi ebomini. Ke ngoko, unyango olukhawulezileyo nge-thiamine lubalulekile. Ukwenza njalo kunokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu kwaye kuthintele umonakalo osisigxina kwimemori nakwezinye imisebenzi yengqondo.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu osondeleyo kuwe unezi mpawu, kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko okanye uye esibhedlele esikufutshane.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko?

I-Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) ixhaphake kakhulu kumadoda kunabasetyhini. Idla ngokuvela kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kwama-30 nama-70. Uninzi lwabantu abafumana i-WKS ngenxa yokusebenzisa utywala ngamadoda angaphezu kwama-40 eminyaka ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, abafazi kunye nabantu abancinci nabo banokufumana le meko ngezizathu ezingezizo ezotywala. Ayifane ixelwe kubantwana abancinci.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana isifo seWernicke-Korsakoff?

I-Wernicke encephalopathy yimeko exhaphakileyo kubantu abasebenzisa utywala kakhulu (ingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala). Xa utywala buselwa ixesha elide, bonakalisa isisu kunye nenkqubo yokugaya ukutya. Ikwaphazamisana nokukwazi komzimba ukufunxa iivithamini (i-malabsorption). Kuthiwa malunga ne-80% yabantu abasebenzisa utywala abakwazi ukufunxa okanye ukugcina i-thiamine eyaneleyo.

Ukongeza, abantu abangakwaziyo ukufunxa ukutya ngokufanelekileyo ngenxa yeemeko ezithile zempilo banokuba ne-'WKS'. Umzekelo, inokwenzeka emva kotyando lokunciphisa umzimba ('utyando lwe-bariatric') okanye njengesiphumo esingesihle se-'chemotherapy' yomhlaza.

Nazi ezinye izinto ezibangela umngcipheko:

• Izifo zamathumbu, umzekelo, isifo samathumbu esidumbileyo okanye i-gastropathia.
• Umhlaza (ingakumbi kwiimeko ezinzima).
• Amanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu ehomoni ye-thyroid (i-thyrotoxicosis).
• Ezinye iinguqu zemfuza.
• Ukusetyenziswa konyango lwe-diuretic kwisifo sentliziyo ixesha elide.
• Izifo zokunqongophala kweThiamine ezifana neHIV/AIDS.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso, kuba unyango lwe-dialysis oluhlala ixesha elide lunciphisa amandla omzimba okufunxa i-thiamine.
• Ukunqongophala kokufikelela kwiindawo zonyango okanye ukutya okunesondlo.
• Ukuhlanza kakhulu kunye nokucaphuka ngexesha lokukhulelwa (hyperemesis gravidarum).

Zithini izizathu ze-'Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome'?

Eyona sizathu soku kukungabikho kwe-"Thiamine"`. Le vithamini ibalulekileyo yiyo eguqula iswekile esiyityayo ibe ngamandla. Ngoko ke xa singenayo i-"Thiamine" eyaneleyo, ingqondo yethu ayifumani amandla ewadingayo ukuze isebenze kakuhle.

Isizathu esiphambili sokunqongophala kwe-thiamine kukubaUkusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo ixesha elide. Utywala benza kube nzima emzimbeni ukufunxa i-thiamine nokuyigcina esibindini. Utywala bukwaphazamisana nokusetyenziswa kwe-vitamin B1 kweminye imisebenzi ebalulekileyo.

Kukho nezinye izizathu:

• Ukutya okungafanelekanga: Ukungatyi ukutya okunesondlo esifanelekileyo.
• Iingxaki zokutya: ezifana ne-anorexia kunye ne-bulimia.
• Usulelo olungapheliyo.
• Utyando: Ingakumbi utyando olufana notyando lwesisu olusebenzisa i-gastric bypass ukuze kuncitshiswe ubunzima.
• Ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu: Kodwa oku kunqabile kancinci.

Zithini iimpawu ze-'Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome'?

Oku kunokubonakala kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Enye yezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo ezibonakala kwiimeko ezinzima 'yi-confabulation' . Oko kukuthi, ukwenza amabali engqondweni yakho ukuze ufihle izinto ongazikhumbuliyo. Khawuthelekelele, umntu akakhumbuli into ayenzileyo izolo, kodwa uxoka ukuze ayifihle, kodwa akaxoki kuba ecinga ukuba yenzekile ngokwenene. Bakholelwa ibali.

Abantu abanale meko banokuziva bedidekile okanye bedidekile. Oku kudideka kwenza kube nzima kubo ukuqonda ukuba kukho into engalunganga ngabo baze bafune unyango.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-Wernicke encephalopathy:

• Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi okanye ukungakwazi ukulawula iintshukumo (ataxia).
• 'Ukudibana'.
• Ukudideka, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
• Ubunzima bokuhamba, ukuhamba okungazinzanga.
• Ukozela.
• Ubushushu bomzimba obuphantsi ngokungaqhelekanga (i-hypothermia).
• Iingxaki zentliziyo: ukunyuka kwesantya sentliziyo (i-tachycardia) okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi (i-hypotension).
• Ukulahlekelwa kukulungelelaniswa kwemisipha (ataxia).

Iingxaki zamehlo nazo zixhaphakile:

• Iintshukumo zamehlo ezingaqhelekanga (i-nystagmus).
• Umbono ophindwe kabini.
• Ukuwa kwejwabu eliphezulu (i-ptosis).
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemisipha yamehlo okanye ubuthathaka (i-ophthalmoplegia).

Ukuba i-Wernicke encephalopathy ayinyangwa, inokuqhubela phambili ibe yi-Korsakoff syndrome, isifo sokukhumbula ixesha elide. Iimpawu zayo ziquka:

• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo ngokupheleleyo (`i-Amnesia`) okanye ukungakwazi ukukhumbula nantoni na entsha.
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha: ukucaphuka, umsindo okhawulezayo.
• 'Ukudibana'.
• Ukuphambana kwengqondo kunye nokudideka.
• Ukudinwa okanye ukudinwa.
• Ukuphupha izinto ezingekhoyo, ingakumbi xa uyeka utywala.
• Ukungakwazi ukugxila.
• Ukuhamba okungazinzanga.

Ezinye iimpawu aziphucuki ngokupheleleyo nokuba sele kunyangwa. Kwiimeko ezinzima, ukulahlekelwa yingqondo ('coma') kunokwenzeka. Ukuba wena okanye umntu osondeleyo kuwe ulahlekelwa yingqondo, okanye ukuba uneempawu ze-'Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome', bona ugqirha okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-'Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome'?

Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kwesi simo 'se-WKS' kubalulekile ukuze unyango luphumelele. Oogqirha bayixilonga ngokwenza uvavanyo lomzimba, ukubuza ngeempawu zakho, nokubuza ngembali yosapho lwakho. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba nzima ukuyixilonga xa umntu edidekile okanye elahlekelwe yinkumbulo.

Ugqirha uza kujonga ngokuthe ngqo ezi zinto:

• Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingxaki zokusebenzisa utywala (`Ingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala`)?
• Ngaba kukho ukungondleki kakuhle?
• Ngaba kukho ukunqongophala kwe-thiamine?

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezinceda ekuxilongeni i-Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

Ugqirha wakho uza kuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga iswekile yakho yegazi kunye namanqanaba e-thiamine. Basenokuyalela uvavanyo lotywala egazini ukujonga ukusetyenziswa kotywala kunye novavanyo lokusebenza kwesibindi ukujonga ukusebenza kwesibindi, njengoko oku kunokubonisa umonakalo wesibindi.

Kunokwenziwa olunye uvavanyo ukujonga ezinye izizathu:

• Uvavanyo lwe-'Arterial blood gas' (ABG) lujonga amanqanaba e-carbon dioxide kunye ne-oxygen egazini.
• 'Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo' (`Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo - CBC`).
• Ukuhlolwa kweTyhefu.

Kusenokufuneka wenze uvavanyo lokufota olufana nolu:

• 'I-CT scan'.
• 'I-MRI' ('I-MRI`).
• 'I-Electrocardiogram' (`I-Electrocardiogram - EKG`).

Ngaba i-Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome inokunyangeka? Inyangwa njani?

Enyanisweni, ayinakunyangeka ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unyango luqalwe kwangethuba, iimpawu zinokuphela kwaye ezinye zazo zinokuguqulwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba imeko ethi ``Wernicke encephalopathy`` inokumiswa ekubeni ibe mandundu ibe yi``Korsakoff syndrome``.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, unyango lunokulawula okanye luphucule iimpawu ezifana nokudideka, iingxaki zamehlo, kunye nokulahlekelwa yibhalansi. Ugqirha wakho uza kwenza isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe.

Ezi zilandelayo zihlala zenziwa njengonyango:

• Ukunika i-vitamin B1 ngeepilisi okanye ngeenaliti.
• Ukuba umzimba uphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni, faka i-saline nge-"IV fluids".
• Ukunyanga iingxaki ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kotywala.
• Ukubonelela ngenkxaso yesondlo.
• Nika amanye amayeza ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Ungayinciphisa njani ingozi yokuba nale meko?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuyeka okanye ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala yeyona nto ibalulekileyo onokuyenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Kwakhona, ukufumana ukutya okunempilo, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuthatha izongezo ze-thiamine ngendlela yeenaliti okanye iipilisi kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho, ingakumbi kwabo baxhomekeke kutywala.

Ithini ingqikelelo yomntu one-Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

Ukuba wena okanye umntu osondeleyo kuwe unale meko, uqikelelo lwesifo luxhomekeke ekubeni iimpawu zinzima kangakanani kwaye isifo sifunyanwa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani kwaye sinyangwa. Unyango lwangoko lunokuguqula iimpawu kwaye luthintele iingxaki ezihlala ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba alunyangwa, lunokukhokelela ekukhubazekeni nasekufeni.

Ufanele ufune nini ingcebiso kagqirha ngale meko?

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uneempawu zesifo sikaWernicke-Korsakoff, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza. Kusenokufuneka ufowunele ugqirha wakho okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele esikufutshane ukuze ufumane unyango olungxamisekileyo.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo seWernicke-Korsakoff akuyonto ilula. Kusenokufuneka ulaliswe esibhedlele uze ufumane unyango. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukulandela icebiso likagqirha wakho, njengokuncitshisa utywala (okanye ukubuyeka ngokupheleleyo) nokutya ukutya okunesondlo. Ezi zinto ziya kukunceda kakhulu ekuchacheni kwakho.

Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo ukuze ulawule iingxaki kwaye unyange iimpawu. Uza kudala isicwangciso sonyango esilungele wena kwaye sikuncede ubuyele kwimpilo yakho.

I-Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome sisifo esingaqhelekanga kodwa esinzulu sokukhumbula. Sifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo ukuze kuthomalaliswe iimpawu kwaye kuthintelwe iingxaki. Njengoko isifo siqhubeka, iimpawu zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo, ezinje ngokudideka okukhulu kunye nokudideka, ziyavela. Ezi mpawu zinokwenza kube nzima kuwe okanye kumntu osondeleyo kuwe ukuba aqaphele imeko yakho. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukufumanisa isifo kwangethuba. Ugqirha wakho uya kucebisa isicwangciso sonyango esilungiselelwe iimfuno zakho.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, nazi izinto eziphambili ekufuneka uzikhumbule malunga ne-'Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome' esithethe ngayo:

• Le yimeko embi kakhulu echaphazela ingqondo kunye nenkumbulo ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-thiamine (i-vitamin B1).
• Eyona nto iphambili ebangela umngcipheko kukusebenzisa utywala ngokugqithisileyo.
• Inqanaba lokuqala yi-Wernicke encephalopathy, ethi ukuba ayinyangwa, inokubangela ingxaki yokukhumbula ixesha elide ebizwa ngokuba yiKorsakoff syndrome.
• Ukudideka, ubunzima bokuhamba, iingxaki zokubona, kunye nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo zisenokuba zezona mpawu ziphambili.
• Ukuxilongwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nonyango olungxamisekileyo nge-thiamine kubalulekile.
• Nangona ingenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, unyango lwangethuba lunokulawula iimpawu kwaye luthintele umonakalo ongunaphakade.
• Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ubonakalisa ezi mpawu, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kuwe. Hlala usempilweni!

Isifo sikaWernicke -Korsakoff, ukunqongophala kwe-thiamine, i-vitamin B1, ukusetyenziswa kotywala, ukuphazamiseka kwenkumbulo, iingxaki zobuchopho, izifo zemithambo-luvo