Njengoko usazi, kukho izigidi zezinto eziphilayo ezincinci kwindawo esihlala kuyo, oko kukuthi, emoyeni, emhlabeni, nakwizityalo. Ezinye zezi ziifungi. I-Aspergillus fumigatus esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje yenye yefungus ezinjalo exhaphakileyo kwindawo esihlala kuyo. Kumntu ophilileyo onenkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba elungileyo, le fungus ayisoloko ibangela monakalo nokuba ingena emzimbeni. Inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu iyayilawula. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba yomntu ibuthathaka ngenxa yesifo esithile okanye amayeza, le fungus inokubangela usulelo oluyingozi.
Kutheni le fungus iyingozi kwabanye abantu kuphela?
Ngamafutshane, le fungus ifuna amathuba. Oko kukuthi, ayinakwenza nto logama nje ukhuselo lwemizimba yethu, okanye inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, inamandla. Nangona kunjalo, kwangoko nje ukuba olu khuselo lubuthathaka, iphakamisa intloko yayo ize iqale ukubangela iingxaki.
Ziziphi iimeko apho amandla omzimba okulwa nosulelo anokubuthathaka khona?
- Ubuthathaka bomzimba ngenxa yezizathu ezifana nesifo esinzulu, ukungondleki kakuhle, okanye ukwaluphala.
- Ukunciphisa amasosha omzimba ngenxa yezifo ezithile (umzekelo, i-AIDS) okanye amayeza (umzekelo, unyango lomhlaza, amayeza anikwa emva kokufakelwa amalungu omzimba).
- Ukufakelwa kwezixhobo zokufakelwa.
- Iimeko ezifana ne-neutropenia ende.
Ukuba umntu okwimeko enjalo yobuthathaka unokosulelwa yile fungus, inokuba yingozi nakubomi bakhe.
Indlela olu sulelo lwefungus (Aspergillosis) olukhula ngayo kunye neempawu zalo
Iispores zale fungus zingena emzimbeni ngomoya esiwuphefumlayo. Ziqala zifikelele empumlweni, emqaleni, kwimingxunya ye-sinus, nasemiphungeni. Iiseli zomzimba zomntu ophilileyo azivumeli ukuba zikhule. Kodwa emzimbeni womntu onenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, ezi spores ziyahluma, zikhule zibe yi-fungus hyphae, zize ziqale ukuhlasela izicubu, zibangele amahlwili egazi (thrombosis), kwaye zibangele i-allergies.
Kukho iimeko ezahlukeneyo ezibangelwa lolu sulelo. Iimpawu zixhomekeke kwilungu elisulelekileyo kunye nenkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba.
| Imeko yezonyango | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CPA) | Kwimeko enjalo, ifungus ikhula kancinci ngaphakathi emiphungeni. Iimpawu zisenokungabonakali kangangeenyanga, ngamanye amaxesha kwaneminyaka. Uphawu oluphambili kukukhwehlela. Ukongeza, ukwehla kobunzima, ukudinwa, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla bunokubakho. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuba le fungus yonakalisa umthambo wegazi emiphungeni, ukukhwehlela igazi (i-hemoptysis) kunokwenzeka. Olu luphawu oluyingozi kakhulu. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kufuneka uye esibhedlele okanye kwigumbi likaxakeka (ETU) ngoko nangoko. |
| I-Aspergillosis Ehlaselayo | Le yeyona meko iyingozi kakhulu kwaye inokubeka ubomi esichengeni. Iyenzeka kubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka kakhulu. Le fungus inokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye isasazeke emiphungeni, kwiisinus, ezindlebeni, kulusu, emehlweni, kwanasebuchotsheni. |
| I-Aspergilloma | Oku kufana "nebhola yefungus" eyakheka ngaphakathi komngxuma emiphungeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo akukho zimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba le bhola yefungus ikhula ibe nkulu kwaye yonakalise umthambo wegazi, ungakhwehlela igazi. |
| I-Sinusitis yefungal | Kwenzeka xa iintsholongwane zefungus zingena zize zikhule kwimiqolo ye-sinus. Iimpawu ziquka ukuxinana kwempumlo, ubunzima bokuphefumla, iintlungu zobuso, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye nomkhwinya otyebileyo, oluhlaza, okanye omnyama. |
Kubalulekile: Le fungus ayidli ngokubangela iingxaki kumntu ophilileyo. Akukho mfuneko yokoyika. Olu lwazi lujolise ekunikeni ulwazi kuphela. Ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga naziphi na iimpawu, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho.
Ukunganyamezelani nefungus
Ngamanye amaxesha le fungus inokubangela i-allergies endaweni yezifo ezihlaselayo. Ezi azisoloko zibeka ubomi esichengeni, kodwa zinokubangela ukugula.
Eyona ixhaphakileyo kwezi yi -Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) . Oku kuxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abanesifo semiphunga esele sikhona. Umzekelo, abantu abaneemeko ezifana ne-asthma, i-cystic fibrosis, okanye i-bronchiectasis basengozini enkulu.
Kulapho umzimba usabela ngokugqithisileyo kwiintsholongwane zefungus ezingena ngokuphefumla. Oku kubangela iimpawu ezifana ne-asthma, ezifana nokuphefumla kancinci, ukukhohlela, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.
Ugqirha wakho uza kuyalela iimvavanyo ezithile ukuze afumanise ukuba unayo na i-ABPA.
- Uvavanyo lokujonga amanqanaba aphezulu ohlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi ebizwa ngokuba yi-eosinophils egazini.
- Uvavanyo lolusu lwe-Aspergillus antigen.
- Ukuvavanya amanqanaba egazini ee-antibodies ze-Aspergillus kunye ne-IgE.
- I-X-ray yesifuba.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango?
Ukunyanga olu sulelo lwefungus kunzima kancinci. Ngokuqinisekileyo kufuna ingcebiso kagqirha. Ungaze uzame ukulunyanga wedwa.
- Amayeza okulwa nefungus: Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nobunzima besifo, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza afana ne-amphotericin B kunye ne-voriconazole. Olu nyango lunokufuneka luthathwe kangangeeveki ezininzi okanye ngaphezulu.
- Utyando: Iibhola ezinkulu zefungus (aspergillomas) ezenzeka emiphungeni azinyangwa ngamayeza kuphela. Kufuneka zisuswe ngotyando. Kwakhona, kwiimeko zefungus sinusitis, kunokufuneka ukuba kucocwe imingxunya ye-sinus ngotyando kwaye kuvunyelwe ulwelo ukuba luphume.
- Unyango lwe-allergy: Ukuba unesifo se-allergy esifana ne-ABPA, unyango oluphambili kukunika ii-steroids (umz. i-prednisolone). Ezi zilawula ukusabela okugqithisileyo komzimba. Ngamanye amaxesha amayeza okulwa ne-fungus nawo anikwa ukunciphisa umthamo wee-steroids kunye nokunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
Ukumelana namayeza
Ngelishwa, ngamanye amaxesha le fungus ayinyangeki ngamayeza okulwa nentsholongwane esiwasebenzisayo, ingakumbi i-azoles. Oku kwenza unyango lube nzima nangakumbi. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha amayeza njengoko ugqirha wakho ewamisele, kwaye ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Aspergillus fumigatus yintsholongwane exhaphakileyo kwindawo esihlala kuyo. Ngokwesiqhelo ayibangeli bungozi kubantu abaphilileyo.
- Le fungus inokubangela usulelo oluyingozi kubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka (umz., abaguli abanomhlaza, abo bafumene amalungu omzimba afakwe kwenye indawo, abaguli abane-AIDS).
- Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nokukhohlela okungapheliyo, ukuphefumla kancinci, ukwehla kobunzima, ukudinwa, ingakumbi ukukhohlela igazi, bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Indlela yonyango ixhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo kunye nemeko yakho yempilo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ufune ingcebiso kagqirha.
- Abantu abanezifo zemiphunga ezifana ne-asthma banokuba ne-allergy kule fungus, ngoko yazisa ugqirha wakho ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu.
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