Yintoni le nto kuthiwa yi-held immunity? Masifunde ngayo ngokulula.

Ngaba wakha waliva igama elithi "Herd Immunity" ngaphambili? Besisoloko siliva eli gama, ingakumbi ngenxa yobhubhane we-COVID-19. Abanye abantu balibiza ngokuba "yi-herd immunity." Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba lithetha ukuthini ngamagama alula? Ungakhathazeki, nangona le yinto enkulu yesayensi, masithethe ngayo ngokulula, ngolwimi lwethu.

Yintoni iHerd Immunity?

Ngamafutshane, ukuzikhusela komhlambi kwenzeka xa uninzi lwabantu kwindawo ethile befumene ukhuseleko, oko kukuthi, ukhuseleko, kwisifo esithile.

Cinga ngale ndlela. Uninzi lwabantu kwilali yethu abachaphazeleki yi-measles. Ngoko ke nokuba umntu ovela ngaphandle uza kwilali ene-measles, amathuba okuba asasaze esi sifo kwabanye aphantsi kakhulu. Ngoba? Kuba uninzi lwabantu ababangqongileyo abasifumani esi sifo. Kufana nokuba intsholongwane ebangela esi sifo iphelelwa ziindlela zokufika apho. Emva kwexesha elithile, intsholongwane ayinandawo yokusasazeka, ngoko ke esi sifo siyanyamalala kancinci kancinci kuluntu.

Umzekelo, oku kubonelela ngokhuseleko olukhulu kubantu abanjengeentsana ezincinci, abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka (umz., izigulana ezinomhlaza, abantu abafumene izitho zomzimba ezifakelweyo), kunye nabantu abangakwaziyo ukugonywa kuba amathuba okuba isifo sifike kubo anciphile.

Siyenza njani le nto yokuzikhusela komhlambi?

Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili ezinokwenzeka ngazo ezi zifo zolu hlobo lokuzikhusela komzimba.

1. Usulelo lwendalo

Xa umntu esulelekile yintsholongwane okanye intsholongwane, amajoni omzimba wethu aqala ukulwa nayo. Ukuze silwe noku, umzimba wethu wenza into ebizwa ngokuba yi-antibodies . Emva kokuba isifo sinyangiwe, la ma-antibodies ahlala emizimbeni yethu. Ukuba intsholongwane efanayo eyabangela isifo ibuyela emizimbeni yethu ngenye imini, umzimba wethu usebenzisa loo ma-antibodies ukuze uyoyise. Le yindlela ubhubhane we-Zika eBrazil owalawulwa ngayo. Kwiminyaka emibini, ama-63% abantu apho babesulelekile yintsholongwane, nto leyo ekhokelele ekukhuselekeni komhlambi, abaphandi bakholelwa.

2. Ngokugonywa

Ukugonywa yeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo nesebenzayo yokwakha ukhuselo lomzimba emhlambini. Into eyenziwa sisitofu "kukukhohlisa" imizimba yethu ukuba icinge ukuba sinesifo, ngaphandle kokusifumana ngokwenene. Inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba yenza ama-antibodies esiwakhankanyileyo ngaphambili. Ngoko ke ukuba intsholongwane ebangela isifo ingena emizimbeni yethu, imizimba yethu ikulungele ukulwa nayo. I-polio yasuswa kumazwe afana ne-United States ngenxa yokhuselo lomzimba oludalwe sisitofu.

Umda Wokuzikhusela Kweenkomo kunye nexabiso le-R0

Ayizizo zonke izifo ezifuna inani elifanayo labantu ukuze kubekho amasosha omzimba aneleyo. Kuxhomekeke ekubeni isifo sisasazeka ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Umlinganiselo wesi santya ubizwa ngokuba yi -R0 (R-naught) .

I-R0 ibhekisa kwinani eliqhelekileyo labantu umntu onesifo anokubosulela kuluntu olungenalo ukhuselo lomzimba. Ukuze ixabiso le-R0 linyuke, kwaye ukhuselo lomzimba luvele, ipesenti yabantu abangenakukhuseleka kuluntu kufuneka inyuke kakhulu.

Jonga itheyibhile engezantsi, kwaye oku kuya kucaca kuwe.

I-COVID-19 kunye nokungakhuseleki komhlambi: Kutheni oku kunzima kangaka?

Eyona ngxaki inkulu xa kwaqala ubhubhane we-COVID-19 ngo-2019 yayikukuba "yayintsha" okanye "intsha".Ukuba yintsholongwane. Oko kuthetha ukuba abantu babengazange bosulelwe yile ntsholongwane ngaphambili. Ngenxa yoko, akukho mntu kwihlabathi liphela owayenamandla okuzikhusela kuyo.

Nangona izigidi ngezigidi zeegonyo ze-COVID-19 zinikwe kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye izigidi ziye zaphila kwesi sifo, asikafikeleli kukhuseleko lomzimba kwi-COVID-19. Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku.

• Utshintsho kwintsholongwane: Intsholongwane ye-COVID-19 ihlala itshintshatshintsha. Usenokukhumbula iintlobo ezifana ne-Delta kunye ne -Omicron . Ezi ntlobo zintsha zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kunentsholongwane yokuqala. Oku kuthetha ukuba ixabiso le-R0 linyukile. Oku kukwanyuse ipesenti efunekayo yokuzikhusela komhlambi. Kwakhona, ezi nguqu zinokunciphisa ukhuseleko olunikezelwa yi-vaccine ngokuhamba kwexesha.

• Ukusebenza kakuhle kwegonyo kunye neengxaki zokugonya: Nangona igonyo le-COVID-19 libe luncedo kakhulu ekuthinteleni ukugula okunzulu nokufa, abantu abambalwa abagonyiweyo ukuze bafumane amandla okuzikhusela komhlambi. Abanye abantu abakwazanga ukufikelela kwigonyo, abanye baye bala igonyo ngenxa yezizathu zabo. Kwakhona, ayinguye wonke umntu ofumene iidosi ezifunekayo kunye needosi zokunyusa ukuze afumane ukhuseleko oluphezulu kwigonyo.

Ngoko ke, yeyiphi indlela engcono yokuthintela ukusasazeka kwezifo kuluntu?

Xa kufikwa kwi-COVID-19, ukugonywa kunye nokufumana imijovo yokunyusa amandla ngexesha elifanelekileyo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela wena kunye nabantu obathandayo kwizifo ezinzulu.

Zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwezinye izifo ezisulelayo:

• Gonyelwa izifo ezinesifo sokugonyelwa (umz. imasisi, ihepatitis A kunye ne-B, umkhuhlane).
• Ngaphakathi, oko kukuthi, ngaphakathi, ukuba kukho abantu abaninzi kunye, vula iifestile kwaye uqinisekise ukuba umoya ungena kakuhle.
• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi phambi kokutya, emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, kwaye rhoqo. Ukuba awunayo indawo yokuhlamba izandla, sebenzisa i-sanitizer yezandla.
• Soloko ugcina iindawo eziphathwa rhoqo (izibambo zomnyango, iikhibhodi, iiremote controls) zicocekile.
• Gquma umlomo wakho nempumlo yakho ngethishu okanye ngengqiniba yakho xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla. Oku kuya kuthintela iintsholongwane ukuba zingangeni ezandleni zakho.
• Ukuba uziva ugula okanye uneempawu zesifo esosulelayo, hlala ekhaya. Oku kuya kukuthintela ekusasazeni esi sifo kwabanye.