Ngaba wakha waya kwindawo ebandayo efana neNuwara Eliya waza waqhaqhazela emakhazeni? Okanye uyakhumbula ixesha apho wamanziswa ngamanzi ngemini yemvula kwaye amazinyo akho ayeqhaqhazela xa ufika ekhaya? Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ubanda kancinci ngamaxesha anje. Nangona kunjalo, xa obu bushushu bungalawuleki kwaye buyingozi, sibubiza ngokuba yi-hypothermia. Ukukwazi oku ngokufanelekileyo kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu kuthi kunye nakubantu esibathandayo.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-hypothermia?
Ngamafutshane, i-hypothermia kukwehla okuyingozi kobushushu bomzimba xa ubushushu bulahleka emzimbeni ngokukhawuleza kunokuba buveliswa. Ubushushu bomzimba obuqhelekileyo bomntu ophilileyo bumalunga nama-98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37 degrees Celsius). Kwi-hypothermia, obu bushushu buhla ngaphantsi kwama-95 degrees Fahrenheit (35 degrees Celsius). Kwiimeko ezinzima, bunokwehla ngaphantsi kwama-82 degrees Fahrenheit (28 degrees Celsius).
Kukho elinye icala kule nto, esilibiza ngokuba yi-hyperthermia. Oku kuthetha ukuba ubushushu bomzimba bunyuka kakhulu. Le meko idla ngokuvela xa ujongene nobushushu obugqithisileyo, njengelanga.
Ubushushu bomzimba buphuma njani?
Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili imizimba yethu elahlekelwa ngazo ubushushu xa sikwindawo ebandayo. I-hypothalamus, inxalenye yengqondo yethu, isebenza njenge-'control center' elawula ubushushu bomzimba wethu. Xa imizimba yethu ibanda, kuvela imiqondiso evela kweli ziko kwaye imizimba yethu iqala ukungcangcazela. Oku kungcangcazela kubangela ukuba izihlunu zethu zinciphe kwaye zivelise ubushushu. Kukwanciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu eluswini ngokucinezela imithambo yegazi (vasoconstriction).
Kodwa ukuba sihlala kwindawo ebandayo, amalungu aphambili avelisa ubushushu emzimbeni, njengentliziyo nesibindi, nawo ayacotha. Kufana nomzimba 'ovala' ukukhusela ingqondo. Ngenxa yoko, yonke into ukusuka ekuphefumleni ukuya kwisantya sentliziyo iqala ukucotha.
| Indlela yokusasaza ubushushu | Icacisiwe ngokulula |
|---|---|
| Ukukhanya kwemitha | Ubushushu bukhutshwa ngqo eluswini bungene emoyeni ojikelezileyo. Le yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokukhulula ubushushu. |
| Ulawulo | Xa into ebandayo ichukumisa umzimba wakho, ivakala ifudumele. Umzekelo, xa uhlamba ubuso bakho ngamanzi abandayo. |
| I-Convection | Umoya uthwala ubushushu bomzimba. Yiyo loo nto siziva sibanda ngakumbi xa kukho umoya onamandla. |
| Ukufuma komphunga | Xa umbilo uphuma, ususa ubushushu bomzimba. |
Zithini iimpawu ze-hypothermia?
Iimpawu zale meko zibonakala kancinci kancinci, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi oku.
Iimpawu kwiintsana ezincinci
Ukuba oku kwenzeka kumntwana omncinci, kwahlukile kancinci kunomntwana omdala.
- Ukuziva ubanda ngendlela engaqhelekanga xa uchukunyiswa.
- Ulusu lujika lube bomvu ngokuqaqambileyo.
- Ukuba ngumntu ongenabomi nowozela .
Iimpawu kubantu abadala ngokweemeko
Iimpawu kubantu abadala zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamanqanaba amathathu ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali bemeko.
| Amathuba | Ubushushu bomzimba (iFahrenheit) | Iimpawu eziphambili |
|---|---|---|
| Inqanaba lokuqala (iHypothermia ephantsi) | 90°F - 95°F | Ukungcangcazela, ukuqhaqhazela kwamazinyo, ukudinwa, ukuhamba kancinci, ukozela, ulusu olukhanyayo, ubunzima bokugxila. |
| I-Hypothermia ephakathi | 82°F - 90°F | Ukungcangcazela kuyayeka kancinci kancinci, ukungqubana kwamagama xa uthetha, ubunzima bokucinga, ukuqina kwemisipha, ulusu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kunye nokuziva ngathi uyaphelelwa ngamandla. |
| I-Hypothermia Eqatha | Ngaphantsi kwama-82°F | Ukuyeka ngokupheleleyo ukungcangcazela komzimba, ukuncipha kakhulu kokuphefumla kunye nesantya sentliziyo, ukwehla koxinzelelo lwegazi, ukulahlekelwa zingqondo, kwanokuma kwentliziyo. |
Okubalulekileyo kukuba , ukungcangcazela kunokuyeka xa imeko isiba mandundu. Oku akubonisi mpawu ilungileyo. Kuthetha ukuba iinkqubo zokulawula ubushushu bomzimba azisebenzi kakuhle.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuphelelwa yi-hypothermia?
Abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi okufumana le meko.
- Abantu abadala nabantwana abancinci: Kuba indlela yabo yokulawula ubushushu bomzimba ayinamandla kangako.
- Abantu abanesifo sengqondo: Basenokuba nobunzima bokubona ukuba babanda kwaye bafumane unyango lwaso.
- Abantu abasebenzisa utywala okanye iziyobisi: Utywala bubangela ukuba imithambo yegazi ikhule, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ubushushu buphume emzimbeni ngokukhawuleza.
- Abantu abanesifo seswekile kunye nezifo ze-thyroid.
- Abantu abangenamakhaya okanye abangenazo iimpahla ezifudumeleyo okanye ukutya okwaneleyo.
Senza ntoni xa into efana nale isenzeka kumntu? (Uncedo lokuqala)
I-Hypothermia yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo . Ngoko ke ukuba umntu unezi mpawu, kufuneka asiwe esibhedlele ngoko nangoko. Okwangoku, kukho izinto ezimbalwa onokuzenza de kufike uncedo.
1. Mshukumise umntu ngononophelo: Msuse kancinci nangononophelo umguli emakhazeni uze umse kwindawo efudumeleyo, engenamoya. Musa ukumshukumisa ngamandla. Iintshukumo zequbuliso zingonakalisa ukusebenza kwentliziyo.
2. Susa iimpahla ezimanzi: Khulula zonke iimpahla ezimanzi, izihlangu, kunye neekawusi.
3. Ukuzifudumeza: Mgqume kakuhle ngesigulana ngeengubo ezomileyo kunye nempahla. Ungasifudumeza nesigulana usebenzisa ubushushu bomzimba wakho.
4. Nika umntu ongazi nto izinto ezifudumeleyo: Ukuba isigulane asisezi, sinike into yokusela, njengesuphu okanye itshokolethi eshushu. Musa ukumnika ikofu okanye utywala. Ziya kwenza umzimba ubanda ngokukhawuleza. Musa ukunyanzela umntu ongazi nto ukuba asele nantoni na.
5. Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko:Ukuba isigulana asisekho zingqondweni, asiphefumli okanye asinayo i-pulse, mse ngokukhawuleza kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele (ETU). Ukuba uqeqeshwe, qalisa i-CPR (ukuvuselelwa kwentliziyo).
Esibhedlele, iindlela ezikhethekileyo (umz., ukufudumala kwegazi, ityuwa efudumeleyo) zisetyenziswa ukubuyisela ubushushu bangaphakathi bomzimba.
Sisindiswa njani koku?
Akunzima kangako ukubaleka kule meko iyingozi.
- Nxiba iileya ezininzi zempahla: Ukuba uza kuphuma ngemini ebandayo, kungcono ukunxiba iileya ezininzi ezincinci zempahla kunokugqoka iileya enye etyebileyo.
- Gquma intloko yakho, izandla, neendlebe: Sebenzisa umnqwazi, iiglavu, kunye nesixhobo sokuvala ubushushu. La ngamalungu omzimba wakho alahlekelwa bubushushu obuninzi.
- Musa ukumanzisa: Ukuba umanzisa emvuleni, tshintsha impahla eyomileyo ngokukhawuleza.
- Nika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kubantu abadala nabantwana abancinci: qiniseka ukuba banempahla efudumeleyo eyaneleyo kwaye igumbi abakulo alibandi.
- Ukuba uwela emanzini abandayo: Ukuba uwela emanzini, njengaxa ukhwela isikhephe, phuma emanzini ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba kufuneka uhlale emanzini, gcina amadolo akho kufutshane nesifuba sakho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'heat escape lesening posture' (HELP). Oku kuya kunceda ukugcina umzimba wakho ufudumele.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Hypothermia yimeko apho ubushushu bomzimba buhla ngaphantsi kwama-35°C (95°F). Le yingxamiseko yezonyango.
- Iimpawu eziphambili kukungcangcazela, ukozela, ukuthetha okungacacanga, kunye nokungakwazi ukugxila. Xa imeko imbi kakhulu , ukungcangcazela kunokuyeka.
- Ukuba umntu unezi mpawu, mkhuphe ngoko nangoko emakhazeni, mkhulule impahla emanzi, uze umsonge ngeengubo ezomileyo ukuze ahlale efudumele.
- Mnike iziselo ezifudumeleyo kuphela xa umntu ephaphile engqondweni. Musa ukumnika utywala okanye ikofu.
- Yisa isigulana kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba unamathandabuzo, thetha nogqirha wakho rhoqo.
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