Njengomama okanye utata, sonke sikhathalela kakhulu impilo yomntwana wethu. Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba ngumkhuhlane nje okanye iintlungu kumntwana zinokuba ngumthwalo omkhulu ezintliziyweni zethu. Namhlanje, sithetha ngomhlaza oboyikisa abazali, kodwa ngethamsanqa awuqhelekanga, ingakumbi kubantwana abancinci. Loo nto yi-neuroblastoma. Nangona igama lisenokuvakala lisoyikisa, kubalulekile ukuba ulazi ngokupheleleyo.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-neuroblastoma?
Ngamafutshane, iNeuroblastoma ngumhlaza okhula kwinxalenye yenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo. Sinenethiwekhi yemithambo-luvo ethwala ulwazi emzimbeni wethu wonke. Cinga ngayo njengenkqubo "yemiyalezo" yomzimba wethu. Siyibiza le 'nkqubo yemithambo-luvo enovelwano.' Umhlaza weNeuroblastoma uqala kwiiseli zale nkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
Eyona nto ikhethekileyo koku kukuba ngaphezulu kwama-90% ezigulana ngabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala. Kunqabile ukubona umntwana oneminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 ubudala efumana esi sifo.
Amaxesha amaninzi, lo mhlaza uqala kwiindlala ezimbini ezincinci ezivelisa iihomoni ezikwindawo engaphezulu kwezintso. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-adrenal glands. Nangona kunjalo, lo mhlaza ungaqala naphi na emzimbeni apho kufumaneka khona iiseli zemithambo-luvo.
Eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba ngoku kukho unyango olusebenzayo kakhulu kwesi sifo, ukuze abantwana babe nethuba elihle lokuchacha nokuphila ubomi obusempilweni.
Yintoni unobangela wale meko?
Ngokwesiqhelo, naluphi na umhlaza lubangelwa lutshintsho oluthile, okanye utshintsho oluthile, kwezinye iiseli emzimbeni wethu. Ngenxa yoko, ezo seli ziqala ukukhula ngendlela engalawulekiyo kwaye zenze iithumba.
Kwi-neuroblastoma, oku kwenzeka kuhlobo lweseli yemithambo-luvo engavuthwanga ngelixa umntwana esesesibelekweni. Ezi seli zingavuthwanga zibizwa ngokuba zii-neuroblasts. Njengoko umntwana ophilileyo ekhula esibelekweni, ezi neuroblasts zikhula kancinci kancinci zibe ziiseli zemithambo-luvo ezivuthiweyo, kwaye ezinye ziyafa.
Kodwa emzimbeni womntwana one-Neuroblastoma, ngenxa yotshintsho lwemfuza, ezi seli ze-neuroblast ezingavuthwanga azifi, kodwa endaweni yoko ziyaqokelelana zize zikhule zibe sisimila somhlaza.
Nantsi into ekufuneka niyikhumbule njengabazali: Oku akubangelwa kukutya kwenu, ukuzilolonga, iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo, okanye nantoni na eniyenzileyo kakubi. Olu lutshintsho olwenzeka kwinqanaba leeseli emzimbeni womntwana wenu.
Zeziphi iimpawu esifanele sizijonge?
Iimpawu zesi sifo zinokwahluka kakhulu. Zixhomekeke kwindawo elikuyo iqhuma elinomhlaza, ubungakanani balo, kunye nokuba lisasazeke kangakanani. Ezinye zeempawu zinokubonakala nakwizifo eziqhelekileyo, ezifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo okanye isisu esibuhlungu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukuchongwa kube nzima kancinci.
"Ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu zokuqala zizinto eziqhelekileyo ezifana nomntwana ongatyi kakuhle, ukuziva ediniwe, kwaye eneentlungu zomzimba rhoqo. Ezi zinokubonakala nokuba umkhuhlane nje oqhelekileyo," utshilo ugqirha wezifo zomhlaza kubantwana. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ezi mpawu.
| Indawo yomhlaza | Iimpawu ezinokwenzeka |
|---|---|
| Ingxaki yesisu (isisu) |
|
| Ejikeleze isifuba okanye intamo | |
| Xa umhlaza usasazeka kwezinye iindawo (iMetastatic) |
Ezinye izinto ezimbini ezikhethekileyo
- Amabala esikhumba:Kwihlobo olukhethekileyo oluvela kuphela kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, amaqhuma amancinci afana ne-blueberry anokubonakala eluswini. Olu luphawu lokuba umhlaza usasazeke eluswini. Nangona kunjalo, le meko inganyangeka kwaye idla ngokuncipha okanye iphiliswe yodwa.
- Iziphumo zehomoni: Ezinye iithumba ze-neuroblastoma zikhupha iihomoni, ezinokubangela iimpawu ezifana norhudo oluqhubekayo, umkhuhlane, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukubila okugqithisileyo, kunye nokuhla kolusu.
Ugqirha ufumanisa njani esi sifo kanye kanye?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, uninzi lwezi mpawu zifana nezifo eziqhelekileyo, ngoko ke ukufumanisa imeko kunokuba nzima. Ngoko ke ugqirha wakho uza kwenza uvavanyo oluninzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho unalo na umhlaza ongaqhelekanga.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo: Olu vavanyo lukhangela iihomoni ezithile eziveliswa zii-neuroblastoma tumors egazini okanye kumchamo.
- Uvavanyo lokufota: Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ekufumaneni indawo, ubungakanani, kunye nokusasazeka komhlaza. Iiskeni ezifana ne-ultrasound, i-X-ray, i-CT, i-PET, okanye i-MRI zinokusetyenziswa koku.
- I-Biopsy: Phantsi kwe-anesthesia, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicubu kwiqhuma okanye kumongo wethambo lize lihlolwe nge-microscope ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza na.
- I-MIBG scan: Olu luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-nuclear medicine scan. Olu vavanyo, olubizwa ngokuba yi-"MIBG scan", lunokuchonga ngokucacileyo iindawo zeeseli zeNeuroblastoma.
Kunye nezi mvavanyo, izinto ezifana nokubalwa kweeseli zegazi zomntwana, isibindi, kunye nokusebenza kwezintso nazo ziyajongwa.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Unyango umntwana alufumanayo luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Abantwana bahlulwe baba ngamaqela amathathu anobungozi : anobungozi obuphantsi, anobungozi obuphakathi, kunye nanobungozi obuphezulu, kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yomntwana, inqanaba lomhlaza, ukuba usasazeke kangakanani, kunye nohlobo lweeseli zomhlaza. Unyango lucwangcisiwe ngokusekelwe kweli qela lomngcipheko.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili zonyango:
- Ukuqaphela: Musa ukumangaliswa, amanye amaqhuma amancinci angenabungozi kangako aya kuncipha okanye anyamalale ngokwawo ngaphandle konyango. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, oogqirha baya kumjonga umntwana ngokusondeleyo.
- Utyando: Ukususwa ngokupheleleyo kweqhubu ngotyando.
- Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Ukunika amayeza anamandla ngemithambo okanye njengeepilisi zokubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuzithintela ukuba zingahlukani.
- Unyango ngemitha: Ukusetyenziswa kwemitha enamandla aphezulu (njenge-X-ray) ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.
- Ukufakelwa kweeseli zesiqu:Unyango olusetyenziswa kubantwana abasengozini enkulu. Kule meko, kuqokelelwa iiseli ze-stem eziphilileyo zomntwana, kusetyenziswe i-chemotherapy enomthamo ophezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza, emva koko iiseli eziphilileyo zibuyiselwa emzimbeni.
- Unyango Lwanamhlanje: Kukho unyango oluninzi olutsha noluphumelele kakhulu olufumanekayo namhlanje.
- Unyango olujoliswe kulo: Ukunika amayeza ajolise kwaye athintele iiproteni okanye ii-enzyme ezithile ezinceda iiseli zomhlaza zikhule.
- Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Ukuvuselela amajoni omzimba omntwana ukuba aqaphele kwaye ahlasele iiseli zomhlaza.
Zithini amathuba okuchacha kwesi sifo?
Lo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu kubazali. Izinga lokusinda kwi-neuroblastoma lixhomekeke kubudala bomntwana kunye nodidi lomngcipheko.
Abantwana abakumaqela asemngciphekweni ophantsi nophakathi, ingakumbi abantwana abancinci, banethuba eliphezulu kakhulu lokuchacha kwi- 90% - 95% . Kubantwana abakumaqela asemngciphekweni ophezulu, eli nani limalunga ne- 60% . Ngokuphucuka kwetekhnoloji, la manani ayanda imihla ngemihla.
Ngoko ke, ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu ezikrokrisayo, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza uze ucele ingcebiso.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Neuroblastoma luhlobo olungaqhelekanga lomhlaza oluchaphazela kakhulu abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala.
- Oku kubangelwa lutshintsho lwemfuza olwenzeka kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo ezingavuthwanga (ii-neuroblast) ngelixa umntwana esesibelekweni. Oku akubangelwanga yimpazamo yabazali.
- Lumkela iimpawu ezifana neqhuma esiswini, ukwehla kobunzima ngendlela engachazekiyo, ukukrweleka okujikeleze amehlo, kunye nentlungu yamathambo.
- Oku kunokuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo ngokusebenzisa iiskeni kunye novavanyo lwe-biopsy.
- Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango zanamhlanje eziphumelele kakhulu zokunyanga oku, kuquka utyando, i-chemotherapy, kunye nonyango lwe-radiation.
- Izinga lokuchacha liphezulu kakhulu, ingakumbi kubantwana abakumaqela asemngciphekweni ophantsi nophakathi. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukufuna unyango olufanelekileyo ngaphandle koloyiko.
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